Republic of the Philippines

Region VII, Central Visayas

Division of Cebu Province
PATUPAT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Azucena, Barili, Cebu

DATE: 04/12/23

DETAILED LESSON PLAN (DLP)

DLP Learning Area: Grade Level: Quarter: Duration:

No.
English 11 - GAS Third Quarter 60 minutes
7

Learning Competency: Analyze literature as a mirror to a shared heritage of Code: EN8LT-IIIe-10

people with diverse background

Key The student understands the different elements of the story and elements of a plot
Concepts/Understandings
to be developed:

1. Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

Knowledge: a. define literature and its elements;

Skills: b. distinguish the elements of a given literary pieces;
Attitudes: c. demonstrates the importance of analyzing the culture reflected in the text
with other cultures;

Values: d. write a composition appreciating literature as a reflection to a shared

heritage of people;
2. Content/Topic: Analyzing Literature as a Mirror to a Shared Heritage

3.
Learning Printed materials and visual aids
Resources/
Materials/
Equipment
4.Procedures (indicate the steps you will undertake to teach the lesson and indicate the no. of minutes
each step will consume)

Prayer

4.1 Introductory Activity Greetings

(5 minutes)
Checking of Attendance

Setting the classroom mood

The teacher group the students into 5 groups and let them read the summary
of the Ramayana and do the activity that follows.
4.2 Activity (15 minutes)

4.3 Analysis (5 minutes) Directions: Fill in the graphic organizer by answering the question inside each
balloon.

Who is the
eldest son of
King Dasharata?
 What is the name
of the Kingdom Who is the lover
ruled by Rama’s of Rama?
father?

What is Literature?
4.4 Abstraction (10 Literature - it refers to a body of written works such as poetry, novels,
minutes) history, biography, and essays that reflects the background of a certain
culture.

Types of Literature?
1. Fiction. It is a type of literature that is a product of a writer’s
imagination. It can be inspired by actual or completely made-up
events. It is usually created through
the use of clear details that we recognize or that move us in some
ways.
Examples:
Another example of fiction is the “Story of the Aged Mother,” a
Japanese folktale by Matsuo Basho.
2. Nonfiction. It is a type of literature that is based on facts. It is a
writing about real people, places, and events which include
biographies, auto-biographies, and interviews.
Example:
“Long Walk to Freedom” is an autobiography, a self-written story, of
Nelson Mandela who was a South African activist and former president
(1918-2013).

Elements of a Story
1. Setting. It refers to the time and place in which the action of the
story happens.
Example:
In Ramayana, there is more than one setting such as Ayodhya, Lanka,
and the forest (place). The story happened a long time ago (time).
2. Plot. It is defined as an interrelated sequence of events in a story
where each event affects the other, thus showing the cause-and-effect
relationship.

A plot has six elements:

a. Exposition. This is the very beginning of a story. In this part,
authors usually introduce the major characters and setting to the
reader.
In the illustration above, the author introduces the place Ayohdya as
the setting and presents the characters King Dasharata, Rama, and
Sita.
b. Rising Action. This is the part when tension starts to build. It
usually involves facing and conquering minor conflicts, which is what
keeps the plot moving forward.
In the illustration above, the tension started when Ravana devised a
plan to abduct Sita.
c. Climax. This is the part of the story where the characters finally
have to face and solve the major conflict. This is the "peak" of the plot
or the highest point of interest where all the tensions of the rising
action lead to the success or failure of the hero. In the illustration
above, Rama solved the major conflict when he fought and killed
Ravana to save Sita.
d. Falling Action. This is everything that happens after the climax but
before the resolution. This is when the tension lessens and starts
bringing the action to a close.
In the illustration above, the tension started to lessen when Rama
saved Sita, returned to Ayodhya, and became the king.
e. Resolution/Denouement. This is the conclusion or ending of a
story. In the illustration above, the story ended when Rama ruled
Ayodhya in peace and harmony with his people.

3. Character. It refers to a person, an object, an animal, or imaginary

creature personified in the story. There are two types of characters: the
protagonist and the
antagonist.
a. Protagonist. It is the main character who does heroic acts in the
story.
In the story Ramayana, Rama is the protagonist since he does the
heroic acts
of saving Sita and winning the battle against Ravana.
b. Antagonist. It is also a main character who opposes the protagonist
in some way.
Ravana is considered as the main antagonist of the story Ramayana.

4. Conflict. It refers to the problem that the main characters have to

face. The conflict of the story has four major types: man vs. man, man
vs. self, man vs. society, and man vs. supernatural.

Man vs. man. It is the conflict of the story in which the struggle is
between the protagonist and the antagonist. In this conflict, the
protagonist wants something, and the antagonist obstructs the
protagonist from getting what he wants.

Example: In Ramayana, the author illustrates man vs. man conflict

when Rama fought against Ravana who abducted Sita.

Man vs. self. It is a conflict that takes place within the character
himself. It often involves the character in making a decision between
right and wrong.

Example: Dasharatha had a conflict within himself in his decision to set

Rama into banishment even against his own will.

Man vs. society. It is a conflict that occurs when the character has a
conflict with the government, cultural, or societal tradition.

Example: In Ramayana, the author shows man vs. society when

 everyone including the band of monkeys fought against Ravana to
save Sita.

Man vs. supernatural. It is a conflict that happens when the

protagonist faces a struggle against a god, gods, and supernatural
forces.

Example: In Ramayana, the author depicts man vs. supernatural type

of conflict when Rama and Lakshmana fought against Rakshasas or
the evil creature.
5. Point of View. This is the angle of narration or the perspective from
which the story is told. It can be classified as first person and third
person.
a. First Person. The narrator is a character in the story who can
reveal only personal thoughts and feelings. It uses the personal
pronoun I.
Example:
“I was standing in the dark. I was scared and cold. Then, I felt
something on my shoulder, and it was a hand. I was trying to get away,
but it wouldn’t let me go. I screamed as loud as I could, but no one
heard me.” – In the Dark
b. Third person. This is when the narrator is removed from the story
and tells it from an outside perspective. To do this, the narrator uses
personal pronouns like "he," "she," and "they" to refer to the characters
in the story.
“Ravana devised a plan to abduct Sita. He sent a magical golden deer
which Sita desired Rama to hunt. A long time had passed, but Rama
didn’t return. Thus, Lakshmana went off to find his brother.” –
Ramayana
6. Theme. It refers to the central idea or message of a story.
In Ramayana, the author illustrates man vs. self-type of conflict when
King

In Ramayana, the theme is about showing love and doing one’s duties
and responsibilities or known as dharma. Rama showed his love to
Sita by saving her from the enemy. He also performed his duties and
responsibilities as a king, husband, son, and brother, respectively.
Activity 1. 2-3-1 Challenge!
4.5 Application (10 Directions: Read the story below and do the following activity. Write
minutes)
your answers in a one whole sheet of paper.

In the Dark
There I was, standing in the dark. No one was there but me and the
night. All I could do was stand there and not move. If I moved, I would
fall into the black pit. I was scared and cold. I tried to scream, but all
you could hear was my echo. I was trying to feel my way without
moving, but I couldn’t feel anything. I felt something on my shoulder,
and it was a hand. I was trying to get away, but it wouldn’t let me go.
Then the hands pushed me into the black pit. I screamed as loud as I
could, but no one heard me. I tried to stop myself from falling, but I
kept on falling. Then a hand from under me stopped me from falling;
the hand that stopped me was my mother’s.
 2 3 1
List down the two Describe the Give a one
characters found in feelings of the main sentence ending
the story. character in three about what might
words. happen to the
character in the
story.

Activity 2.

Directions: Based on the story “In the Dark,” answer the following questions below. Cite the sentences
from the text to prove your answer.

 What point of view is used by the author?

 Evidence/line from the text:

 What is the theme of the story?

 Evidence/line from the text:

 What societal issue is mirrored in the story?

4.6 Assessment (10 minutes)

Directions: Read and analyze the following questions carefully. Write the letter of your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. What is a body of written works such as poetry, novels, history, biography, and essays that
reflects the background of a certain culture?
A. epic B. literature C. poetry D. prose

2. Which type of literature is a product of a writer’s imagination?

A. feature B. fiction C. literature D. non-fiction

3. What is defined as the sequence of events that occurs from the first to the last line of the
story?
A. character B. plot C. point of view D. setting
4. Which type of literature is based on facts and talks about real people, places, and events?
A. features B. fiction C. non-fiction D. sci-fi
5. What part of a plot refers to the conclusion or ending of a story?
A. climax B. falling action C. rising action D. resolution
6. “Ravana abducted Sita and forced her to be his wife. Rama came to rescue Sita. He fought
and confronted Ravana and his evil brothers. Finally, Rama killed Ravana and freed Sita.” In this
situation, the struggle is directly set between the protagonist and the antagonist. What type of conflict
is used by the author?
A. man vs. man C. man vs. society
B. man vs. self D. man vs. supernatural

7. “Long ago, the kingdom of Ayodhya was ruled by a wise king. Ayodhya is part of the Ancient
Sarayu in India.” What literary element is emphasized from this statement?
A. character B. plot C. setting D. theme

8. “While it is true that Rama’s stepmother, the second wife, is against Rama to be crowned
as the next king, Ravana is considered as the main antagonist of the story Ramayana.” What literary
element is emphasized in the text?
A. character B. plot C. setting D. theme

For items 9 and 10, choose your answers from the following sequence ofevents of the story
Ramayana.
A. Rama, the son of King Dasharata, was the prince of Ayohdya. In a neighboring city, the
ruler's daughter named Sita chose Rama as her bridegroom at ceremony called a Swayamvara.
B. The ten-headed Ravana, the ruler of Lanka, devised a plan to abduct Sita and sent a
magical golden deer which Sita desired her lover to hunt. While Rama was away, Ravana grabbed
Sita and carried her off to Lanka.
C. A mighty battle took place. Rama killed several of Ravana's brothers and then Rama
confronted him. Finally, Rama killed Ravana, and he freed Sita.
D. After Sita had gained her freedom from Ravana, she proved her purity through the trial by
fire. Then, they returned to Ayodhya and Rama became the king.
E. As Rama became the king, he ruled Ayodhya with Ramrajya - an ideal time when everyone
does his or her duties and responsibilities.

9. The rising action of the story consists of the conflicts and complications that the main
character faces. Which of the above events shows the rising action of the story Ramayana?

10. The climax is the greatest point of interest or turning point of a story. Which of the above
events shows the climax of the story Ramayana?
11. The theme is the central meaning or idea that the writer conveys to the reader. What do
you think is the theme of the story Ramayana?
A. seeking happiness B. doing one’s duties
C. forgiving and forgetting D. giving importance to wedding

12. “Ravana devised a plan to abduct Sita. He sent a magical golden deer which Sita desired
Rama to hunt. A long time had passed, but Rama didn’t return. Thus, Lakshmana went off to find his
brother.” – Ramayana. What point of view is used by the author?
A. first person C. third person
B. omniscient D. all of these
 13. “I was standing in the dark. I was scared and cold. Then, I felt something on my shoulder,
and it was a hand. I was trying to get away, but it wouldn’t let me go. I screamed as loud as I could,
but no one heard me.” – In the Dark. What point of view is used by the author?
A. first person C. third person
B. omniscient D. all of these

14. What values are evident in the story Ramayana?

A. trust and hatred
B. pride and prejudice
C. loyalty and responsibility (dharma)
D. humility and thriftiness

15. Literature reflects the culture of a certain place. In the story Ramayana of India, Rama
shows his undying love to Sita by risking his life just to protect her. Which of the following Filipino
culture mirrors this value?
A. A husband remains loyal to his wife despite the trials that they met.
B. A husband works hard in order to provide the needs of his family.
C. A husband remembers the wedding anniversary with his wife.
D. A Filipino family loves gathering especially during special occasions

4.7 Agreement (4 minutes)

The teacher has an agreement to be ready on the next lesson

4.8 Wrap - up/Concluding Activity 1 “What is wonderful about great literature is that it transforms
minute the man who reads it towards the condition of the man who
wrote"

- E.M. Foster.

Prepared by:

Name: CLARISSE V. BAYABOS School: PATUPAT NATIONAL HGH SCHOOL

Position: STUDENT TEACHER Division: DIVISION OF CEBU PROVINCE

Contact Number:09324846331 Email Address: clarisse.bayabos@ctu.edu.ph

Inspected by:

Mentor Teacher Clia D. Nunez Signature: