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[IE]

Presentatiom

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Ngọc Maii
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01. 02. 03. 04. 05.

WHAT ARE TBT TECHNICAL SANITARY AND IMPACTS OF TBT STRATEGIES AND
AND SPS BARRIERS TO PHYTOSANITARY AND SPS RESPONSES BY
MEASURES? TRADE (TBT) (SPS) MEASURES MEASURES VIETNAM
I. WHAT ARE TBT AND SPS MEASURES?

Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) are regulations, Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS)
standards, testing, and certification procedures Regulations to protect human, animal, and
that could create unnecessary obstacles to trade. plant life from pests and diseases.
I. WHAT ARE TBT AND SPS MEASURES?

Importance in WTO Regulations

WTO Framework:
Ensures TBT and SPS measures
are not used for hidden
protectionism.
Requirements:
Measures must be transparent,
science-based, and avoid
unnecessary trade barriers.
WTO Dispute Mechanisms:
Address grievances on TBT and
SPS measures, promoting
fairness in global trade.
II. Technical Barriers to Trade
(TBT) in the WTO Context

1. Purpose and objectives of TBT under


WTO rules
2. Types of measures
3. Impact of TBT on international trade
II. TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE (TBT) IN THE WTO CONTEXT
1. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF TBT UNDER WTO RULES

Protection of animal and


Protection of human plant life or health
safety or health The EU has implemented regulations
requiring seat belts in cars aimed at limiting the use of chemicals
to prevent injuries that can pollute soil and water, harm
ecosystems, and reduce biodiversity.
II. TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE (TBT) IN THE WTO CONTEXT
1. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF TBT UNDER WTO RULES

Protection of the environment Prevention of deceptive practices


regulations on recycling paper and Ensuring consumers are not misled by
plastic products, and vehicle emissions. false or inaccurate product
information.
II. TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE (TBT) IN THE WTO CONTEXT
2. TYPES OF MEASURES

Technical Regulations Standards Conformity Assessment


Mandatory government Voluntary requirements or
Procedures (CAPs)
requirements guidelines Mandatory or Voluntary
on products, processes, or Provide specifications, Ensure that products meet
production methods. dimensions or performance the relevant standards and
criteria regulations
II. TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE (TBT) IN THE WTO CONTEXT
2. TYPES OF MEASURES

EXAMPLE about EU
II. TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE (TBT) IN THE WTO CONTEXT
3. IMPACT OF TBT ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Increased Compliance Costs:


Products must comply with diverse technical regulations → increased costs.
SMEs are particularly affected.
Market Access Challenges
Divergent regulations → create trade barriers.
Reduces competition and consumer choices.
Innovation and Technological Transfer
TBT encourages innovation but may hinder technology due to overly strict
regulations.
Trade Disputes
Differences in technical regulations lead to trade disputes.
Resolving disputes takes time and resources.
III. Sanitary and
Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures

1. Objectives of SPS Under WTO Rules


2. Types of measures
3. Impact of TBT on international trade
III. SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY (SPS) MEASURES
1. OBJECTIVES OF SPS UNDER WTO RULES

Protect human, animal, or plant life or health:

Apply SPS measures only as needed to achieve their goals

Promote the harmonization of SPS measures

Facilitate trade

Promote cooperation and information exchange:


III. SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY (SPS) MEASURES
2. TYPES OF SPS MEASURES

Requiring products
Conducting inspections
from disease-free
and treatments.
areas.

Types of SPS
Measures

Restricting food
additives and Setting pesticide limits.
processing standards.
III. SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY (SPS) MEASURES
3. IMPACTS OF SPS MEASURES

Positive Impacts: Negative Impacts:


Protection of public health. Trade barriers.
Preservation of biodiversity. Technical barriers to trade (TBTs).
Boosting consumer confidence. Disproportionate impact on
Environmental protection. developing countries.
Reduced market access.
IV. Impacts of TBT and SPS
Measures
IV. IMPACTS OF TBT AND SPS MEASURES
1. AGRICULTURE

Pesticide residues
Contamination by harmful substances
Plant diseases and infestations
IV. IMPACTS OF TBT AND SPS MEASURES
2. SEAFOOD

Hygiene standards in seafood processing plants


Monitoring of antibiotic residues and harmful chemicals
Sustainable sourcing practices
IV. IMPACTS OF TBT AND SPS MEASURES
3. TEXTILES

Labeling standards
Product quality certifications
Environmental and labor standards
IV. IMPACTS OF TBT AND SPS MEASURES
SPECIFIC CHALLENGES FACED BY VIETNAM DUE TO TBT AND SPS MEASURES

Compliance Costs
Testing and certification fees: bear the costs of testing products
Infrastructure upgrades: upgrade facilities and equipment to meet
international safety and hygiene standards:
Agriculture: Modern farming, pest control, organic certifications
Seafood: Compliance with Hazard Analysis and Critical Control
Points (HACCP)
Textiles: Meeting environmental and labor standards
IV. IMPACTS OF TBT AND SPS MEASURES
SPECIFIC CHALLENGES FACED BY VIETNAM DUE TO TBT AND SPS MEASURES

Market Access Restrictions


Seafood: Vietnamese shrimp exports are limited by
antibiotic and chemical regulations in the EU and US.

Agricultural products: Lychee and dragon fruit face


delays due to long approval processes in Japan and
Australia.

Textiles: High standards for labeling and sustainable labor


practices restrict access to the EU market.
IV. IMPACTS OF TBT AND SPS MEASURES
SPECIFIC CHALLENGES FACED BY VIETNAM DUE TO TBT AND SPS MEASURES

Delays and Procedural Hurdles

Inspections: Long inspections increase the risk of


spoilage for products.

Documentation: Delays in certifications lead to


missed export opportunities.

Competitiveness: Complex approval processes


reduce competitiveness.
IV. IMPACTS OF TBT AND SPS MEASURES
CASE STUDIES OR EXAMPLES OF VIETNAM’S EXPORTS IMPACTED BY TBT AND SPS

CASE 1: Cadmium Contamination in Vietnamese Durian Exports


IV. IMPACTS OF TBT AND SPS MEASURES
CASE STUDIES OR EXAMPLES OF VIETNAM’S EXPORTS IMPACTED BY TBT AND SPS

CASE 2: Vietnamese Seafood Shipments


Returned Amid COVID-19 Packaging Concerns
V. STRATEGIES AND RESPONSES BY VIETNAM
VIETNAM'S STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME TBT AND SPS CHALLENGES

1. Regulatory Compliance
Engaged in 19 trade agreements.
Meeting TBT/SPS standards, especially for the EU.
Regular updates to businesses.

2. Transparency & Standards


Focus on clear safety and quality controls.
Compliance with international packaging and
contamination rules.
Frequent updates on regulatory changes.

3. Capacity Building & Tech


Training programs for global standards.
Investing in agricultural tech and food safety systems.
V. STRATEGIES AND RESPONSES BY VIETNAM
VIETNAM'S STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME TBT AND SPS CHALLENGES

Policy & Negotiations Government & Private Sector


Aligning with global standards. Strong government support.
Active in bilateral/multilateral Businesses investing in compliance
negotiations. and certification.
Public-private partnerships boost
competitiveness.
REFERENCES
https://vietnambiz.vn/52-lo-hang-thuy-san-xuat-khau-cua-viet-nam-bi-trung-quoc-tra-ve-
20220321105905774.htmhttps:/trungtamwto.vn/chuyen-de/26560-sau-rieng-viet-lai-bi-trung-quoc-
canh-bao-dung-de-noi-lo-them-dai?
fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR2pIT9bt_5N4TDid0tn5u6_SrOw06gMX9bDXKpWNhc_aLply0cYkM
MTj9k_aem_9u4kXlLnYmUTFr0gGWk3sA
https://www.google.com/url?
q=https://trungtamwto.vn/file/20690/tbt3rd_e.pdf&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1727923274880634&u
sg=AOvVaw2sQbPzyqNkfzKORA1rNL70
https://vnua.edu.vn/tin-tuc-su-kien/tin-hoat-dong-khac/mot-so-rao-can-ky-thuat-doi-voi-doanh-
nghiep-viet-nam-trong-xuat-khau-nong-san-55858
https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/2.%20SPS%20%26%20TBT%20Key%20Principles.pdf
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