Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2024; 13(2): 787-793

E-ISSN: 2278-4136
P-ISSN: 2349-8234
https://www.phytojournal.com Formulation and evaluation of neutraceutical
JPP 2024; 13(2): 787-793
Received: 29-01-2024 powder
Accepted: 01-03-2024

Sanskruti J Khakal Sanskruti J Khakal, Sakshi R Kamble, Veena P Kattul, Ganesh D

Research Scholar, Department of Barkade and Ramesh L Sawant
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr.
Vithalrao Vikhe Patil
Foundation’s College of DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2024.v13.i2f.14924
Pharmacy, Ahmednagar,
Maharashtra, India Abstract
The overall aim of this present study was to formulate and evaluate Nutraceutical powder. The crude rugs
Sakshi R Kamble used in this preparation are Amla, Pomegranate, Guava, Ashwagandha, Tulsi and Beetroot (colouring
Department of Pharmaceutical agent) for effective formulation. These crude rugs contain active constituents like Ellargic acid, Myrtillin,
Chemistry, Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Quercetin, Somniferin, and Oleanolic acid respectively. The formulated Nutraceutical power was
Patil Foundation’s College of evaluated for Sensory evaluation, Bulk density, Tapped density, Hausner’s ratio, and Carr’s index, Angle
Pharmacy, Ahmednagar,
of repose, Moisture content, and Ash value. Nutraceutical powders are food derived from plants and/or
Maharashtra, India
their derivatives such as roots, oils, seeds, leaves, flowers, etc. that support wellness and fight against
Veena P Kattul acute and chronic ailments induced by unhealthy dietary fibres. Nutraceutical can be purchased in
Department of Pharmaceutical various formulations such as capsules, pills, Liquid, and gels. Some of the formulations are currently
Chemistry, Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe available in the market. This research has also shown the comparison of herbal Nutraceutical formulation
Patil Foundation’s College of with marketed formulations.
Pharmacy, Ahmednagar,
Maharashtra, India Keywords: Cardio protective agents, cattley guava, chebulinic acid, evaluation parameters, isothymonin,
Phyllanthus emblica
Ganesh D Barkade
Department of Pharmaceutical
Introduction
Chemistry, Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe
Patil Foundation’s College of The term Nutraceutical was coined from Nutrition and Pharmaceuticals by Stephen De. Felice
[1]
Pharmacy, Ahmednagar, . The concept of Nutraceutical arises 1st in UK, Germany, and France where the diet was
Maharashtra, India rated higher by consumer, than exercise or hereditary factors to achieve good health [2].
Nutraceutical become known as natural products that make the line between food and drug
Ramesh L Sawant
fade [3]. The Nutraceutical of both plant and animal origin hold exciting opportunities for food
Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe industries to create novel food products in the future. Nutraceutical studies are now focusing
Patil Foundation’s College of on the examination of foods for their and disease preventing potential [4]. Instead of negative
Pharmacy, Ahmednagar, attributes such as microorganism count, adulterants, Fatty acids, and inorganic pollutant
Maharashtra, India concentration [5].
Emblica officinalis or Amla is a fruit of deciduous tree which belong to the family
Euphorbiaceae [6]. The active constituent present in Amla are Gallic acid, Ellargic acid, and
Rutin, etc. It possesses analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and several other
pharmacological properties [7]. Amla shows heart protective antioxidant, free radical,
scavenging properties [8]. It is well known Indian medicinal herb which provides numerous
health benefit. Amla consider a powerful rejuvenator and valuable in delaying senescence and
degenerative process. Pomegranate is well established fruit of shrub that is particularly
cultivated in West Asia and the region around Mediterranean, as well as other parts of world,
including America where the climate is suitable for its growth [9]. It belongs to the Family
Punicaceae. Pomegranate is well known source of valuable nutritional substance. It contains
hydrolysable Tannins, condensed tannins, Flavonols, Anthocyanins and Phenolic organic acid
compounds that have been studied and related with numerous health benefits against diseases.
The edible part of fruit is at least 50% of fruit (40% of arils and 10% of seeds), and rest is the
nonedible peel. Peels are the source of phenolic, minerals, and complex polysaccharides.
Another constituent that plays major role in Pomegranate as Functional food is Anthocyanin.
The Scientific name of Guava i.e. Psidium guajava L. Belongs to Family Myrtaceae. There are
Corresponding Author:
Sanskruti J Khakal about 150 species of guava available in worldwide, out of which common guava, cattley
Department of Pharmaceutical guava, peer guava, and apple guava are the most important species. It has rich nutritional
Chemistry, Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe properties like contains dietary fibres, Vitamin A and C, Folic acid, Minerals such as K, Cu,
Patil Foundation’s College of Mn, etc. [10]. This fruit comes in various sizes, shapes, and flavours depending upon variety.
Pharmacy, Ahmednagar,
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) belongs to Family Solanaceae has a history of its use in
Maharashtra, India
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the traditional Indian medicine date back nearly 3000 years. It improvements in adiponectin activity which improves
roots have been used as an Aphrodisiac, Narcotic, Tonic, steatosis.
Diuretic, Anthelmintic, and stimulant. There has been a
growing interest in type potential health benefit of Neurological Protection
Ashwagandha particularly in the areas of Stress management, The attenuation of neurological alterations, particularly the
Cognitive function, and physical performances. Tulsi (Ocimum biochemical changes observed in carriers of Alzheimer‘s
sanctum) belongs to the Family of Laminaceae are excellent disease.
source of potential drugs in the recent years there has been an
increasing awareness about the importance of medicinal plants. Pomegranate
Herbal plant extract are very useful and major source of  Biological source: Punica grantum
medicine and plays a vital role in controlling various types of  Family: Punicaceae
Pathogens.  Synonyms: Genus Punica
 Chemical Constituents: Myrtilli, Ellargic Acid,
Ingredient Cyanidin-3, 5-O-diglucoside, Punicalins, Urolithin
1) AMLA Metabolites, Gallagic Acid, Punicic Acid.
1. Biological source: Phyllanthus embolic L.
2. Family: Phyllanthaceae
3. Synonyms: Emblica
4. Chemical Constituents: 1, 6-di-o-galloylbeta-d-glucose,
kaempferol, Ellargic Gallic acid, corilagin, chebulinic
acid.

Fig 2: Pomegranate

Pomegranate and its juice and extract are currently being

widely promoted, with or without scientific support, to
Fig 1: Amla consumer as one of the new super foods, capable of addressing
a variety of health ailments.
Emblica officinalis (EO) holds a sacred place in Ayurveda. The
various names for the tree are Alma, Indian glass berry, or Role of Pomegranate as a Nutraceutical
Phyllanthus embolica. The fruit Phyllanthus emblica L. is one Antioxidant Activity
of the most popular botanicals used for medicinal and Reactive oxygen’s species (ROS), formed in normal cellular
nutraceutical. metabolic processes or generated from exposure to ionizing or
xenobiotic radiation, are held non causal factors in a large
Role of Amla as Nutraceutical amount of chronic diseases. Anthocyanins, Phenols, and
Antioxidant activity Vitamins as A, C, E confer the high antioxidant power to
Diverse in vivo, in vitro and human studies support the Pomegranate as reported by several authors in both in vitro and
antioxidant activity of P. emblica L. components. In the case of in vivo models [13].
the in vitro studies the content of the polyphenol in this fruit
has also been associated with high antioxidant activity [11]. Cardiovascular disease
Dietary consumption of flavonoid-rich nutrients, as well as
Cardioprotective Activity pure flavonoids, was shown to attenuate the progression of
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a primary need in the atherosclerosis in animals. atherosclerotic patients with carotid
development of atherosclerosis. artery stenosis (a narrowing of the arteries in the neck that
supply blood to the brain) that consumed pomegranate juice
Anticancer Activity (50 ml day−1) in addition to the irregular medication for one
Plants from the polyphenols have been found to improve year (n= 10) had on average 30% decrease in intima media
protection against cancer. Specifically, polyphenols inhibit thickness (IMT) compared with a 9% increase in IMT in
stress and produce pro-inflammatory chemicals to prevent control patients (n = 9) [14].
DNA damage and increase apoptosis through various
Anticancer Activity
mechanisms [12].
Inhibition of cancer takes place by Pomegranate juice which
includes various types of cancers like breast, skin, and colon,
Digestive Tract Protection: According to the study, the liver
cervical.
of animals treated with Amla extract had significant

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Guava 2. Biological source: It consists of dried roots and stem

1. Biological Source: Dried extract of Psidium guajava bases of Withania somnifera, etc.
leaves. 3. Family: Solanaceae
2. Synonym: Psidium guajava, Peru, Amrood. 4. Chemical Constituents: Withanine, tropine, Somniferin,
3. Family: Myrtaceae. Anahygrine, Choline, etc.
4. Chemical Constituents: Quercetin, Ascorbic acid, 5. Geographical source: Congo, South Africa, Pakistan
terpenes, Caryophyllene, Limonene, hyperin. India (MP, UP, Punjab, Gujarat).
5. Geographical Source: Mexico, Central America, West
Indies, Brazil.

Fig 4: Ashwagandha
Fig 3: Guava
Ashwagandha also known as Indian Ginseng is an Indian
Guava is an important fruit crop cultivated widely. It is winter cherry. The material used for medicinal purposes is the
considered one of the richest sources of vitamin C. Guava can root. Ashwagandha is derived from two words ‘Ashwa’
affect the Myocardium inotropes. Guava skin extract can meaning horse. One gains power similar to the horse after
control the level of diabetes after 21 days of treatment [14]. consuming this root. The second word is ‘Gandha’, which
means fragrance and refers to the characteristic smell of the
Role of Guava as Nutraceutical fresh root of the pant [23].
Antioxidant Activity
Sometimes environmental changes and hormones become Role of Ashwagandha as a Nutraceutical
reasons for free radicals’ production. These free radicals are Neuroprotective and Anti-Neurodegenerative effect
responsible for Oxidation reactions [15]. Pink guava also has Ashwagandha use in Alzheimer’s disease
high antioxidant activity [16]. Dementia is a syndrome with a multifactorial Etiology
characterized by the range of symptoms caused by brain
Antimicrobial activity disease, typically with a chronic and progressive course.
Guava leaf extract doses can reduce the amount of cough due Neurodegenerative disease destroys the CNS, resulting in
to its anti-cough activity. Aqueous, chloroform, and methanol irreversible damage. In Alzheimer‘s disease, an abnormal
extract of leaves can reduce the growth of different bacteria. deposition of β- amyloid protein in the brain is observed.
Guava leaf extract can inhibit the growth of S. aureus. Plant
leaves and Bark methanol extract can inhibit Bacillus and Ashwagandha use in Parkinson’s disease
Salmonella bacteria [17]. Ashwagandha improves biochemical parameters, in
Parkinson’s disease, its effects depend on the dose
Anti-diarrheal activity administered [24].
Guava leaves contain morphine-like compounds and control
muscular tone. Guava has high cytotoxicity [18]. It is used to Anti-inflammatory/Immunomodulatory Effect
treat diarrhea caused by E. coli or S. aureus toxins [19]. Ashwagandha is studied for the treatment of many diseases
Locomotor coordination can be improved by ethyl acetate associated with inflammation in the body, like Cardiovascular,
extract of Guava fruit [20]. diseases. Autoimmune diseases like diabetes, cancers, and
neurodegenerative diseases can also be treated with
Anti-inflammatory activity
Ashwagandha.
Phenol is an important compound that is present in guava and
dependable for anti-allergy and anti-inflammatory activity [21].
Antibacterial Properties
Anti-parasitic activity Increased infection caused by drug-resistant strains has become
Guava is reported to have anti-parasitic medications used to a major problem. It is known that reckless and often
treat infection caused by ectoparasites, protozoa, parasitic unwarranted use of antibiotics has resulted in the development
fungi, and helminths among other things. Guava Leaf essential of drug-resistant strains, and in some situations, these drugs
oil performed effectively as a host for Toxoplasma Gondi in an have become completely ineffective.
in vitro anti-parasitic experiment [22].
Anticancer Effect
Ashwagandha Ashwagandha is effective against cancer such as breast cancer,
1. Synonyms: Withania somnifera, Indian winter cherry, colon, lung, prostate, and blood cancer [25].
Indian Ginseng.
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Anti-diabetic Activity Ocimum sanctum L. commonly known as holy basil is an

Ashwagandha shows effective anti-diabetic properties. Animal herbaceous perennial and considered one of the most important
studies have shown its ability to lower blood glucose levels [26]. sources of medicine and drugs with many secondary
In a study conducted on White albino rats with metabolites and essential oils. Extract of Tulsi is recommended
hypercholesterolemia, a reduction in cholesterol levels and also for the treatment of malaria, diarrhoea, bronchial asthma,
in the antioxidant effect of Withania somnifera were observed bronchitis, skin diseases, arthritis, chronic fever, eye disease,
[27]
. etc.

Tulsi Role of Tulsi as Nutraceutical

1. Synonym: Ocimum sanctum L, Gauri. Antimicrobial property
2. Biological source: It consists of dried leaves of the plant Tulsi leaves contain hexane, acetone, and ethanol extract
Ocimum sanctum Linn. which have antimicrobial property against certain Gram-
3. Family: Lamiaceae. positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and some
4. Chemical Constituent: Oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, fungi.
Linolenic acid, rosmarinic acid, Chlorophyll, Eugenol, etc.
5. Geographical source: Annual herb found throughout Respiratory disorder
India. Tulsi is an important constituent of cough syrup and
expectorants. Chewing Tulsi leaf relieves colds and flu [28]. To
treat sore throat boiled water with basil leaves is used for the
treatment.

Heart disorder
As Basil reduces the level of cholesterol it has a beneficial
effect on cardiac disease and weakness resulting from them [29].

Kidney stone
Basil has strengthened the effect on the kidneys. In case of
renal stone, the juice of basil leaves and honey, regularly for 6
months will expel them via the urinary tract [30].
Fig 5: Tulsi

Table 1: Formulation Table

Sr. Quantity in Amount of active
Ingredients Active constituents Uses
no. gm constituents
Antioxidant, anti-diabetic, keeps skin
1. Amla powder 15 gm Vitamin C 50 mg
healthy
2. Pomegranate 10 gm Vit K, Ca, folate, Mg 9.94-Ca,9.74-Mg,7mcg-Vitk Antioxidants, Anti-athero sclerotic
3. Basil 5 gm Methyl cinnamate, linalool Anti-cancer, Antidiabetic
Sito in glycoside, Withania
4. Ashwagandha 5 gm 450 mg of Withania A Boost memory
A
5. Guava 4 gm Vitamin C 40mg Antioxidant, heart health
6. Sucrose 3.5 gm - - Sweetening agent
Cinnamon
7. 2.5 gm - - Preservative
powder
8. Beetroot powder 5 gm - - Coloring agent

Procedure for making dry extract

Fig 7: Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus Fig 8: Amla Powder

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 Amla powder can be used in dry form. Amla powder is  Basil powder can be isolated from the basil leaves and
already available in the market which can be used directly seeds. Basil leaves and seeds are rich in active
but may have artificial preservatives. So, by preparing in constituents.
the lab, we can get more and better products.  Weigh about 10 to 15gm of basil leaves and its seeds.
 First of all, take approximately 10 to 15 Amla fruits.  Dry the min hot air over.
 Wash them and cut them over the seeds.  Now collect dry basil and convert into fine powder.
 Now cut them into small pieces and grate or grind them  Now extract it with Soxhlet apparatus.
coarsely without losing their water.  Now collect the extract and dry it.
 Now spread this over a clean butter paper.  Convert the material into fine powder and pass it through
 We can sun dry them or we can dry them into hot air oven. sieve
 After complete drying they will leave moisture and
become completely dry.
 Now grind them into fine powder.
 Pass from the appropriate sieve.
 Now assemble the Soxhlet apparatus by cleaning allots
parts.
 Take vehicle as a water.
 About 30gm of powder is taken and wrapped in filter
paper.
 Now add this powdered drug entrapped in filter paper into
the thimble of the Soxhlet apparatus.
 Place Dover a heating metal.
 Now heat it and continue the cycles until men strum get
completely clear. Fig 11: Ashwagandha powder
 Collect the extract from the round bottom flask.
 Placed in evaporating dish and evaporate it until dry  Ashwagandha powder can be used in powder form.
powdered drug is found.  It is already available in the market so it can be used
directly.
 This powder is then extracted using the Soxhlet extractor
apparatus.
 Nowisolatedextractisthenevaporatedinevaporatingdishtoge
tdryextract.
 Now this extract is converted to fine powder and passed
through the sieve.
 This extract is used.

Fig 9: Pomegranate powder

Pomegranate powder can be isolated from its peel or its seeds.

But we can use both of them. Peel contains active constituents
but its seeds also have a good number of active agents which
are used for good heart health.
 The fresh pomegranate fruits are taken then they are
peeled and spread over butter paper.
 We can dry the under sunlight but due to its natural color
dry it in hot air oven.
 After drying all of they are grinded into a fine powder and
then pass them through in a sieve. Fig 12: Guava powder
 This powder is extracted again in the Soxhlet apparatus.
 This will give the extract which evaporated on a heating Guava powder is one of the critical products to isolate.
bath to get dried extract. Fresh guava fruit is taken then it is cleaned.
 Now this extract is converted to fine powder and passed Cut into small pieces or converted to paste.
through the sieve. This paste or pieces are sun-dried or hot air oven-dried.
 It is ready to use. This dry product is then grinded into the grinder to get a fine
powder.
This fine powder is then passed through the sieve.
Soxhlet extraction can’t be done for the guava.
This powder is then used with other powder.

Preparation of powder formulation

1. Weigh all the dry ingredients as mentioned in the
formulation table accordingly.
2. Mix it into the mortar and pestle gently.
Fig 10: Basil powder
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3. Now add a coloring agent, sweetening agent, and Results

preservative to it. Table 2: Evaluation Parameters
4. Now mix all the ingredients to get the final powder. Sr. No. Evaluation Parameters Result
5. Weigh it and pass it through the sieve. 1. Bulk Density 1.13gm/ml
6. Nutraceutical powder is ready 2. Tapped Density 1.25gm/ml
3. Hauser‘s Ratio 1.10
Evaluation of Nutraceutical powder 4. Car‘s Index 9.6
Sensory evaluation 5. Angle Of Repose 26.67
 Colour: Slightly yellowish cream-colored powder. 6. Moisture Content 0.3%
 Odour: Characteristic. 7. Total Ash Value 13%
 Taste: Palatable/fruity. 8. Acid Insoluble Ash Value 2%
 Texture: Amorphous. 9. Water Soluble Ash Value 4%

Table 3: Comparison with Marketed Formulations

Advantages of powder
Marketed Products Disadvantages
Product over marketed products
Not for any age group. Children‘s, young ones easily take by addition with water.
Nutraceutical Tablets
Not carry anywhere safely. Steroids are present. Carry as juice at everyplace. All herbal ingredients are present.
Nutraceutical Capsule Sometimes have leakage. No leakage of powder.
Powder formulations like proteins they are for hair, skin, Nutraceutical powder formulation shows antioxidant activity,
Powder Formulation
and help to sustain energy antineoplastic activity for the Diseases.

Conclusion 8. Variya BC, Bakrania AK, Patel SS. Emblica officinalis

Nutraceuticals are products generally found all over the world (Amla): A review for its phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal
today. This formulation gives the freshness to the person. All uses and medicinal potentials with respect to molecular
ingredients used in the formulation are herbal so the side mechanisms. Pharmacol Res. 2016;111:180-200.
effects of the powder are very low. They are easily available in 9. Pagliarulo C, De Vito V, Picariello G, Colicchio R,
our day-to-day life. The various compounds used in the Pastore G, Salvatore P, Volpe.
nutraceutical powder are mostly herbal compounds having no 10. Prabhudesai AP, Biyani DM, Umekar MJ. Psidium
type of side effect in many cases nutraceutical products offer guajava: Multipurpose Medicinal Herb. Int J Pharm Sci
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