2

1 This question is about the pathway of water through a plant.

watering device

Y
water

soil

Key
= pathway (movement) of water

(a) Complete these sentences about the pathway of water through the plant.

At X, water is absorbed from the soil into the plant through cells.

At Y, water is transported through the stem in vessels.

At Z, water is released from the leaf surface by a process called .

[3]

(b) The water added to the plant contains minerals that keep the plant healthy.

One of these minerals is magnesium.

Name one other mineral needed to keep the plant healthy.

[1]

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2 Look at the diagram showing part of the Periodic Table of the elements.

H He

Li Be B C N O F Ne

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

K Ca transition elements

(a) Write down the symbol of the element with atoms that contain only 6 electrons.

[1]

(b) The electronic structure of chlorine is 2.8.7.

Write down the electronic structure of potassium.

[1]

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3 This question is about density.

(a) Tick () the sentence that correctly describes density.

Density is the height per unit volume of a substance.

Density is the mass per unit height of a substance.

Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance.

Density is the volume per unit mass of a substance.

[1]

(b) Look at the diagram of a beaker of oil and water.

beaker

oil

water

Explain why the oil is above the water.

[2]

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4 This question is about inheritance of sex and fetal development in humans.

(a) Look at the diagram of a Punnett square.

parent 1

X XX XY

parent 2

X XX XY

This Punnett square shows the sex chromosomes of eggs or sperm for parent 2.

The sex chromosomes of eggs or sperm for parent 1 are missing.

The Punnett square also shows the four possible combinations of the sex chromosomes.

(i) Write down the sex chromosomes of eggs or sperm for parent 1.

[1]

(ii) The egg cell and the sperm cell fuse together.

Each cell passes chromosomes into the offspring.

What word describes cells like eggs and sperm?

[1]

(b) Smoking is one factor that affects fetal development during pregnancy.

Write down one other factor that affects fetal development during pregnancy.

[1]

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5 Aiko uses the internet to investigate the movement of tectonic plates.

Look at the information she finds.

Eurasian
plate Eurasian
North plate
American
plate
African
plate
Pacific
plate

Indo-Australian Nazca
plate plate
South
American
plate

Antarctic plate Antarctic plate

Key
= direction of tectonic plate movement
= volcano
= plate boundary

(a) Tick () the correct direction of tectonic plate movement.

direction of tectonic
plate movement
away from towards
plates
each other each other
Nazca and South American

Indo-Australian and Pacific

Indo-Australian and Antarctic
South American and African

[2]

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(b) Tick () the correct sentence.

Use information from the diagram.

Most volcanoes are along the boundaries of tectonic plates.

Most volcanoes are in the middle of tectonic plates.

Most volcanoes are on the Antarctic plate.

Most volcanoes are on the African plate.

[1]

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6 Safia investigates the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.

magnesium + hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride + hydrogen
Look at the equipment Safia uses.

20 40 60 80 100 cm3

gas syringe

hydrochloric acid

magnesium ribbon

Safia measures the total volume of hydrogen made each minute for 8 minutes.
She plots her results on the grid.
90

80

70

60

50
total volume
of hydrogen
in cm3
40

30

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
time
in minutes

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(a) One result is anomalous.

Circle the anomalous result and draw a curve of best fit.

[2]

(b) The result for 3 minutes is missing.

Predict the total volume of hydrogen made in 3 minutes.

total volume of hydrogen made in 3 minutes = cm3 [1]

7 Oliver heats cold water in a metal cooking pan.

The water boils.

metal cooking pan

handle
water

flame

(a) Oliver makes an incorrect statement about the boiling water in the metal cooking pan.

Oliver says,

‘The water is given temperature by the flame.’

Suggest one reason why Oliver is incorrect.

[1]

(b) The handle of the metal cooking pan gets hot.

Name the thermal energy transfer process that causes the handle to get hot.

[1]

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8 This question is about the carbon cycle.

(a) Name one process in the carbon cycle that releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

[1]

(b) Which process in the carbon cycle uses microorganisms to break down carbon compounds
in dead plants and animals?

[1]

(c) Which process in the carbon cycle moves carbon compounds along a food chain?

[1]

(d) Which process in the carbon cycle makes glucose?

[1]

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9 Mass extinctions of plants and animals have happened during the history of the Earth.

A mass extinction event happens when the value of the extinction rate is greater than 10.

The graph shows how the extinction rate in plants and animals has changed over the last
500 million years.

20

15

extinction
rate 10

0
500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
present
millions of years ago day

(a) How many mass extinction events have happened during the last 500 million years?

[1]

(b) Increased volcanic activity is one cause of mass extinction.

Suggest why an increase in volcanic activity causes mass extinction.

[2]

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10 Mike makes some salts.

He reacts dilute acids with metal carbonates.

(a) Mike draws a table to show which acid reacts with which metal carbonate to make each salt.

Complete his table.

acid metal carbonate salt

hydrochloric acid zinc carbonate zinc chloride

……………………..
copper carbonate copper sulfate
……………………..

……………………..
nitric acid magnesium nitrate
……………………..

[2]

(b) Mike adds an excess of insoluble zinc carbonate to dilute hydrochloric acid.

When the reaction finishes the beaker contains a mixture of zinc chloride solution and
insoluble zinc carbonate.

zinc chloride solution

insoluble zinc carbonate

Describe how Mike makes crystals of pure zinc chloride from the mixture.

[2]

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11 This question is about energy conservation.

(a) Complete the sentence.

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be

or .
[1]

(b) The diagram shows the energy transfers in an electric lamp.

80 J of energy
transferred electrically electric 60 J of energy
lamp transferred as light

energy transferred as
heat to the surroundings

Calculate the energy transferred as heat to the surroundings.

energy transferred as heat to the surroundings = J [1]

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12 A massive asteroid collided with the Earth 65 million years ago.

Complete the sketch to predict the effect of this asteroid collision on the population of dinosaurs.

population
of
dinosaurs

95 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 5 0
millions of years ago present
day
[1]

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13 This question is about natural selection.

(a) Complete these sentences that describe some features of natural selection.

Choose words from the list.

fertilisation genes organisms species variation

There are differences in characteristics between the individuals of the same

The characteristics are controlled by .

[2]

(b) Natural selection also includes the idea that all changes to characteristics happen randomly.

New characteristics that best fit the environment are passed to future generations.

Some scientists use cress plants to study natural selection.

Their results show:

• some characteristics never change

• damage to genetic material for some characteristics repairs very quickly so these
characteristics do not change.

(i) Tick () to show if these results support the theory of natural selection.

yes no

Give a reason for your answer.

[1]

(ii) Suggest how the scientists get further information to help their study.

[1]

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14 (a) Mia reacts a 0.20 g piece of magnesium ribbon with dilute hydrochloric acid.

She also reacts 0.20 g of magnesium powder with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Mia finds that the magnesium powder has a greater rate of reaction than the piece of
magnesium ribbon.

Explain why.

[2]

(b) Mia reacts a 0.20 g piece of magnesium ribbon with cold dilute hydrochloric acid.

She also reacts a 0.20 g piece of magnesium ribbon with hot dilute hydrochloric acid.

Mia finds that the hot acid has a greater rate of reaction than the cold acid.

Explain why.

Use ideas about the particle model.

[2]

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15 Blessy investigates waves.

Look at the diagram of the equipment she uses.

ruler

water

bowl

Blessy moves the ruler up and down in the water to make waves.

(a) Blessy increases the number of waves produced per second.

Write down what happens to the frequency of the waves.

[1]

(b) Blessy draws a diagram to represent the waves.

Draw a double-headed arrow ( or ) on the diagram to show the amplitude of

the wave. [1]

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16 This question is about the formation of the Moon.

(a) Yuri reads four theories on the internet about the formation of the Moon.

Tick () the correct theory.

Pieces of the Earth broke away as the Earth rotated quickly.

These pieces formed the Moon.

The Earth collided with a smaller planet.

The debris from the impact formed the Moon.

The Moon and the Earth formed at the same time from the same material.

The Moon and the Earth formed at different times.

The Moon was captured by the Earth’s gravity as the Moon travelled near to the Earth.

[1]

(b) Analysis of rocks from the surface of the Moon has increased our understanding of the
formation of the Moon.

Thousands of rocks were analysed.

Suggest why a large number of moon rocks were analysed.

[1]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

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17 Youssef investigates electrical circuits.

(a) Youssef draws this incomplete circuit diagram.

Youssef has an ammeter and a voltmeter.

Complete the circuit diagram to show how Youssef measures the:

• current through the lamp

• voltage across the lamp.
Use the correct standard electrical symbols. [2]

(b) Youssef observes that the lamp gets hot when a current passes through the lamp.
Suggest what Youssef does to make the investigation safe.

[1]

(c) Youssef makes this hypothesis,

‘The current through the lamp changes when the lamp gets hot.’

Suggest how Youssef investigates this hypothesis.

[1]

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