Protection philosophy ppt
Protection philosophy ppt
Protection philosophy ppt
Satadru Majumder
STS-Team Lead
For You, With You, Always… ଆପଣଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ, ଆପଣଙ୍କ ସହିତ, ସର୍ବଦା…
PROTECTION
01 TPNODL OVERVIEW 05 PERFORMANCE
INDEX
PROTECTION 02 BUS
ARRANGEMENT
06 PPI, DI & RI
PHILOSOPHY
TPNODL 03 Roadmap- Relay Co- 07 High Impedance fault
ordination
04 STANDARDIZATION OF
FEEDER, 11 kV INC &
08 Case Studies
159
Sections 33kV VCB – 102 CR Panel- 202
11kV VCB - 150 Relay - 425
HT:LT - 50%:50%
SINGLE BUS SYSTEM Single Bus System with Bus Sectionalizer / coupler
ADVANTAGES: Due to its simple design, it is easy and ADVANTAGES: Maintenance of the bus section can be
convenient to operate. It is very economical, because of its done individually, without affecting other section.
least capital cost among all bus Bar systems. Hence power supply continuity is maintained.
DISADVANTAGES: In this type, maintenance activity of any DISADVANTAGES: The cost of circuit breaker and
bay or equipment such as a transformer is not possible without
isolators is added to the capital cost.
service interruption of the particular bay or equipment. In
case of fault on bus or bus outage for maintenance, all the
bays connected to the bus get interrupted.
For you, with you, always…
For You, With You, Always… ଆପଣଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ, ଆପଣଙ୍କ ସହିତ, ସର୍ବଦା…
Basics of Protection
28
87
214
87.3 % 88.5%
246 TAALMEL 1.1 & 1.2 TAALMEL 2.2
Relay setting coordination of RMU, Upcoming- 2nd phase of setting 101
TAALMEL 1.0
Taalmel 1.0: 11 kv OG, INC & TAALMEL 2.1 TAALMEL 2.3
HV PTR relay setting Meeting with OPTCL &
Standardized in .
May-22 Upcoming- 3nd phase of setting
Circle wise protection joint
setting adopted in Phase Team formation done on Aug- margin 80 % margin relief to
manner. Progress till date is 22. Weekly meeting conducted
70 %. About 125 more be discussed & completed by
with OPTCL
breakers need to be Installed. Team in circle Level. Partial March-24.
setting margin (about 25%) at
.
For you, with you, always… 87 feeders ( 33 kV) out of 104
Common Considerations
1. Settings are advised in primary Ampere and should be suitably converted as per CTR at PSS i.e (PSM/Connected CTR).
2. IDMT curve should be NI-3 Sec (Normal Inverse) curve [Top = (0.14*TMS)/((If/Is)^0.02-1)], where If = fault current and
IS=PMS or set value.
3. The SIT (Selective Interval Time) is considered 100ms. Average breaker opening time is 50-70 ms, so with 20% overshoot
and other delay the value is set at 100 ms.
4. EF (Earth Fault) Instantaneous/DMT pickup values are 50% of POC (Phase Over current) settings.
5. Minimum TMS (Time Multiplier settings) available in relays are standardised to 0.05, reason being availability in REF615 &
Siemens Siprotec relays.
6. The IDMT, DMT stages can be of different name as per make.
99.52 99.89
99.58 99.89
99.88
99.85
99.81
99.5999.84
99.84
99.84
99.84
Total no.of Trippings (including 11 KV trippings) 7951 14685 13563 11528 11633 15403
99.78
99.75
99.80
99.74
99.62
Total no.of 11 KV trippings 7539 13790 12738 11256 10617 14551 99.60
Total no.of 33 KV trippings 412 895 825 272 1016 852
99.40
99.32
Nc = No. of Correct operations = 7875 14597 13447 11327 11497 15253 99.20
Nf = No. of failures to operate/Wrong operation = 24 31 32 24 29 29
98.97
Nu1 = No. of un coordinated trippings at 33 kV level= 99.00
13 21 14 25 11 17
Nu2 = No. of un coordinated trippings at 11 kV level = 2 0 0 1 0 0 98.80
99.81
99.84
99.88
99.73
99.89
99.88
Nu3= No. of un coordinated trippings at AR & RMU= 76 42 93 44 47 98.60
Nr=OPTCL low relay setting issue 37 36 28 58 52 57 98.40
Security Index (PPI) = Nc / (Nc + Nu1+Nu2+Nu3) = 99.81% 99.34% 99.59% 98.96% 99.52% 99.58% 2024-25_Without AR Target
Dependability Index(DI) = Nc / (Nc + Nf+ Nu1+Nu2+Nu3) = 99.51% 99.13% 99.35% 98.75% 99.27% 99.39% 2023-24 2024-25_With AR
Reliability Index(RI) = Nc / (Nc + Nf+ Nu1+Nu2+Nu3+Nr) = 99.04% 98.89% 99.14% 98.26% 98.83% 99.03%
99.93
99.8 99.67 99.67
99.62
99.60 99.61 99.61 99.61 101.00
99.50
99.49
99.42
99.42
99.56
99.38
99.35
99.33
99.27
99.26
99.26
99.26
99.26
99.51
99.15
99.11
99.10
99.51
99.04
99.04
99.03
99.49 99.47
98.92
98.91
99.6
98.88
98.83
99.39 99.39 100.00
99.35
99.54
98.27
99.4 99.50 99.27
99.5 99.00
99.2
98.00
%RI
99 99.1
% DI
98.76 97.00
98.8
96.00
98.6
95.00
98.4
98.2 94.00
APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR
Target DI MONTHS
2023-24 DI 2024-25_
Without AR DI
2024-25_
With AR DI
2023-24 RI MONTHS
2024-25 without AR RI 2024-25 With AR RI
Investigation:
On dated 12/05/23 at village Dhireidihi 11 kv conductor snapped but not
tripped at that moment some villagers were gone with Cow for grazing but
unfortunately cow was grazing some distance from place of snapped conductor
,otherwise some incident had happened due to not tripped of 11 kv Baghada
feeder ,they seen that conductor laydown and fire sparkling on the grass and
burnt the ground various places and intimated us ,after that we tripped the 11
kv line from PSS (it was very pathetic and dangerous situation) . And same issue
has been found Today at village Kaltia ,that one Bamboo tree fallen down over
11 kv Baghada feeder but not tripped . And another thing is sulipada section is
coming under elephant movement area.
Investigation:
On dated 22/05/23 at village Brahmanmora 11 kv conductor snapped but
not tripped at that moment. PSS that live 11kv conductor touches ground
and fire extended to the village of Brahmanmora,it is possible of fire in
house of the villagers. After such critical situation 11kv Deuli feeder VCB
not tripped from PSS. The 11kv Deuli feeder is comes under elephant
corridor also.
Conclusion:
Our protection system with breaker is perfectly all right. Actually issue
with such abnormalities are :- Very high impedance fault leading to fault
current in milli ampre due to which tripping not occurs. relay didn’t even
picked up in some of the cases.
Investigation:
A detailed inspection was undertaken at the site of the incident. It was observed that the conductor
had broken due to a fault in the insulator. Furthermore, the source end of the conductor was
touching the ground surface as well as small branches of a tree, while the dead end was also
touching the ground surface. Despite this, the relay did not detect any fault. Further analysis
revealed that the relay earth fault (IDMT) setting was 40A, with a TMS of 0.05. Based on
After the inspection, the relay setting was checked and tested for tripping of the breaker, yielding
satisfactory results. In order to ensure safety, the IDMT EF setting was reduced from 40A to 20A. This
was necessary as the ashida relay had a minimum setting limit of 0.1 and the FDR CTR was 200/1A.
Therefore, it was deemed appropriate to keep the IDMT EF setting at 20A for all outgoing FDRs.
Conclusion:
The observations made, it appeared that the fault current was not more than the set current. This
could be due to the high resistance between the ground and conductor, which prevented the FDR
from tripping.
I AN A
I CN I
BN EARTH FAULT CREATION AT CONCRETE
C
E/F
I AN A
I CN I
BN
C
E/F
E/F
For You, With You, Always… ଆପଣଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ, ଆପଣଙ୍କ ସହିତ, ସର୍ବଦା…