APPENDIX – 24 (R)

UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

B.Sc., DEGREE COURSE IN PHYSICS

(MODIFIED SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS)
(w.e.f.2013-14)

FIRST SEMESTER

Course Ins. Exam Max. Marks

Name of the Subjects Credit
Components Hours Hours CIA EXT
PART I Language Paper II 4 3 3 25 75
PART II English Paper II 4 3 3 25 75

Core I – Mechanics and

6 5 3 25 75
Properties of Matter
PART III Core III – Major Practical I 3 2 **
Allied Paper I – Theory 6 5 3 25 75
Practical 3 2 **
1(a) Basic Tamil I (or) 2 3 25 75
1(b) Adv. Tamil I (or) 2 2 3 25 75
PART IV
1(c) Non-major elective I 2 3 25 75
2. Skill based elective I 2 3 3 40 60

SECOND SEMESTER
PART I Language Paper II 4 3 3 25 75
PART II English Paper I 4 3 3 25 75
Core II – Thermal Physics
6 5 3 25 75
and Acoustics
PART III Core III – Major Practical I 3 2 3 40 60
Allied Paper II – Theory 6 5 3 25 75
Practical 3 2 3 40 60
1(a) Basic Tamil II (or) 2 3 25 75
1(b) Adv. Tamil II (or) 2 2 3 25 75
PART IV
1(c) Non-major elective II 2 3 25 75
2. Skill based elective II 2 3 3 40 60
** - Practical Examination at the end of even semester
 THIRD SEMESTER

Exam Hrs.
Inst. Hrs.
Max. Marks

Credits
Course
Subjects
Components Ext. Int.
Total
Marks Marks
100
Part – I Language - Paper - III 6 3 3 75 25
100
Part – II English - Paper - III 6 3 3 75 25
Core Paper – IV
5 5 3 75 25 100
Optics
Part - III
Core Paper – VI
Core Courses Practical Examination
Practical - II 3
at the end of the IV Semester
100
Allied Subject-II Paper - I 3 75 25
Part - IV
3 3 60 40 100
2. Soft Skill –III
Examination will be held in
3. Environmental
IV Semester
Studies

FOURTH SEMESTER
Max. Marks
Exam Hrs.
Inst. Hrs.

Credits

Course
Marks

Marks
Subjects Total
Ext.

Int.

Components

100
Part – I Language- Paper - IV 4 3 3 75 25
100
Part – II English - Paper - IV 4 3 3 75 25
100
Core Paper –V Atomic Physics 5 5 3 75 25
Part - III
Core Courses 100
Paper – VI - Practical-II 3 4 3 60 40
100
Allied Subject-II Paper - II 3 75 25
Part - IV
3 3 60 40 100
2. Soft Skill –IV
3.Environmental
3 75 25 100
Studies
ALLIED SUBJECT-PHYSICS
Max. Marks

Exam Hrs.
Exam Hrs
Inst. Hrs.
Course Subjects

Credit

Int.
Ext.
Marks

Marks

Total
Components

Odd Semester Paper-I 5 5 3 75 25 100

Allied Physics Practical 3 Practical Examination at the end of EVEN
semester

Even Semester Paper-II 5 5 3 75 25 100

Allied Physics Practical 3 4 3 60 40 100

FIFTH SEMESTER
Max. Marks

Exam Hrs.
Inst. Hrs.
Credits
Course

Marks

Marks
Total
Subjects

Ext.

Int.
Components

Part – III Core Paper – VII

Core Course Electricity and Electromagnetism 5 5 3 75 25 100

Core Paper – VIII

Nuclear Physics and Particle Physics 5 5 3 75 25 100

Core Paper – IX
Solid State Physics 5 5 3 75 25 100

Core Paper – X - Basic Electronics 5 5 3 75 25 100

Core Paper-XIII - Practical –III 2 Practical

examination at
Core Paper-XIV - Practical-IV 2 the end of the
VI semester
Core Paper-XV - Practical-V
2
Electives Electives – I 4 5 3 75 25 100
Numerical Methods

Part - IV
4. Value
Education
 SIXTH SEMESTER
Max. Marks

Inst. Hrs.

Credits
Exam
Hrs.
Course

Mark

Total
Subjects

Marks
Ext.

Int.
Components

Paper - III Core Paper – XI

Core Courses Relativity and Quantum Mechanics 6 5 3 75 25 100

Core Paper – XII- Mathematical

Methods in Physics 6 5 3 75 25 100

Core Paper – XIII - Practical-III 2 4 3 60 40 100

Core Paper-XIV - Practical-IV 2 4 3 60 40 100

Core Paper – XV - Practical-V 2 4 3 60 40 100

Elective Elective – II Integrated Electronics 6 5 3 75 25 100

Elective III - Microprocessor 6 5 3 75 25 100

Fundamentals
Part – V Extension 75 25 100
Activities

Allied Subjects: I-Semester - Maths – I,

II-Semester - Maths – II,
III – Semester - Chemistry – I,
IV-Semester - Chemistry – II,
IV-Semester - Allied Chemistry Practicals
 B.Sc., DEGREE COURSE IN PHYSICS
Syllabus

Semester – I - Core Paper – 1

MECHANICS AND PROPERITIES OF MATTER : SAR1A

Unit 1 : Impulse and Impact

Impulse – impact – Laws of impact – direct impact and oblique impact between two
smooth spheres – loss of kinetic energy – motion of two interacting bodies – reduced mass.

Rigid body dynamics

Compound pendulum – theory – equivalent simple pendulum – reversibility of centers
of oscillation and suspension – determination of g and k – center of mass – velocity and
acceleration of centre of mass – determination of motion of individual particle – system of
variable mass.

Unit 2 : Centre of gravity and centre of pressure

Centre of gravity of solid and hollow tetrahedron, solid and hollow hemisphere –
Centre of pressure – vertical rectangular lamina – vertical triangular lamina.

Hydrodynamics
Equation of continuity of flow – Venturimeter – Euler’s equation of unidirectional
flow – Torricelli’s theorem – Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications.

Unit 3 : Elasticity
Hooke’s Law – Stress – Strain - Elastic constants – Expressions for Poisson’s ratio
interms of elastic constants – workdone in stretching and twisting a wire – twisting couple on
a cylinder – rigidity modulus by static torsion – torsional pendulum – rigidity modulus and
moment of inertia.

Unit 4 : Bending of beams

Cantilever – expression for bending moment – expression for depression – cantilever
oscillations – Expression for time period – Experiment to find Young’s modulus – Non
uniform bending – Experiment to determine Young’s modulus by Koenig’s method –
uniform bending – expression for elevation – experiment to determine Young’s modulus
using microscope.

Unit 5 : Fluid dynamics

Surface tension-Definition – Excess of pressure over curved surface – Application to
spherical and cylindrical drops and bubbles – variation of surface tension with temperature –
Jaegar’s method

Viscosity-Definition – Coefficient of viscosity – Rate of flow of liquid in a capillary

tube – Poiseuille’s formula – variation of viscosity of a liquid with temperature – Application
Books for Study

1. Mechanics – Part I and II by Narayanamoorthy, National Publishing Company.

2. Mechanics by D.S.Mathur, S.Chand & Co., 2nd Edition (2001).

3. Mechanics by P. Duraipandian, Laxmi Duraipandian, Muthamizh Jayapragasam,

S.Chand & Co., New Delhi (1988).

4. Properties of Matter by Brij Lal and N.Subramaniam, S. Chand & Co.,

New Delhi (1994).

5. Properties of Matter by R.Murugeshan, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi (2001).

Books for Reference

1. General Properties of Matter by C.J. Smith, Orient Longman Publishers (1960).

2. Fundamentals of Physics by D. Halliday, R.Rensick and J. Walker, 6th edition, Wiley,

NY (2001).

3. Mechanics and General Properties of Matter by P.K. Chakrabarthy, Books and

Allied (P) Ltd. (2001).

4. Fundamentals of General Properties of Matter by H.R.Gulati, S. Chand & Co., New

Delhi (1982).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Semester – II - Core Paper 2

THERMAL PHYSICS AND ACOUSTICS : SAR2B

Unit 1 : Thermometry and Calorimetry
Platinum resistance thermometer – Calendar and Griffith’s bridge – Thermistor –
Specific heat capacity – Specific heat capacity of solids – Dulong and Petit’s law – Specific
heat capacity of liquid – method of mixtures – Barton’s correction – Specific heat capacity of
gases – Cp and Cv by Regnault’s and Callendar & Barne’s methods – variation of specific
heat capacity of diatomic gases

Low temperature physics :

Joule-Kelvin effect – porous plug experiment – liquefaction of gases – Linde’s
method of liquefying air

Unit 2 : Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic equilibrium – zeroth law of thermodynamics – first law of
thermodynamics – Reversible and irreversible processes – second law of thermodynamics-
Heat engine – Carnot’s engine – Carnot’s theorem – Internal combustion engines – petrol and
diesel engines – thermodynamics scale of temperature- Entropy – entropy and available
energy – temperature – entropy diagram for Carnot’s cycle - III Law of thermodynamics –
Nernst’s heat theorem.

Unit 3 : Conduction and Radiation

Thermal conductivity – rectilinear flow of heat – thermal conductivity of a good
conductor – Forbe’s method – thermal conductivity of a bad conductor – Lee’s disc method –
radiation – blackbody radiation – Wien’s law – Stefan’s law – Newton’s law of cooling from
Stefan’s law – Solar constant – Pyrometer – Pyroheliometer.

Unit 4 : Waves and oscillations

Simple harmonic motion - combination of two SHMs in a straight line – at right
angles – Lissajous’s figures – free, damped, forced oscillations and resonance – intensity and
loudness of sound – intensity level – decibel – noise pollution.

Unit 5 : Ultrasonics
Ultrasonics – production – piezo electric crystal method – magnetostriction method –
applications
Acoustics of buildings – reverberation – Absorption coefficient – Sabine’s formula –
Acoustics aspects of halls and auditoriums.
Books for study

1. Heat and Thermodynamics by D.S.Mathur, 3rd edition Sulthan Chand & Sons, New Delhi
(1978).

2. Heat and Thermodynamics by Brijlal and N. Subramanyam, S.Chand & Co, NewDelhi
(2000).

3. Heat by Narayanamoorthy and KrishnaRao, Triveni Publishers, Madras (1969).

4. Text book of Sound by V.R.Khanna and R.S.Bedi, 1st edition, Kedharnaath Publish & Co,
Meerut (1998).

5. Waves and Oscillations by Brijlal and N. Subramanyam, Vikas Publishing house, New
Delhi (2001).

6. Text book of Sound by Ghosh, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi (1996).

Books for Reference

1. Heat and Thermodynamics by Zemansky, McGraw – Hill Book Co. Inc., New York.

2. Fundamentals of Physics by Resnick Halliday and Walker, 6th edition, , John Willey
and Sons, Asia Pvt.Ltd., Singapore.

3. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics by Carroll M.Leonard, Prentice-Hall of India (P)

Ltd., New Delhi (1965).

4. Heat and Thermodynamics by J.B.Rajam and C.L.Arora, 8th edition, S.Chand

& Co. Ltd., New Delhi (1976).

5. Principles of Thermodynamics by Jin Sheng Hsieh, 1st edition, McGraw – Hill

Kogakusha Ltd., Tokyo (1975).

6. Thermodynamics by Warren Giedt, 1st edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold

Company, NewYork (1971).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Core Paper-3 Core Practical – I
(At the end of the Second semester – Any Fifteen Experiments)

1. Young’s modulus – Non-uniform bending – Pin & microscope

2. Young’s modulus – Uniform bending – Optic lever

3. Rigidity modulus – Torsional pendulum (without identical masses)

4. Rigidity modulus and moment of inertia – Torsional pendulum (With identical masses)

5. Surface tension and interfacial surface tension – drop weight method

6. Coefficient of viscosity of liquid – Graduated burette (radius of capillary tube by

Mercury pellet method)

7. Sonometer – Verification of laws and frequency of tuning fork

8. Sonometer – Relative Density of a solid and liquid

9. Specific heat capacity of a liquid – Newton’s law of cooling

10. Specific heat capacity of liquid – Method of mixtures (Half-time correction)

11. Focal length, Power, R and refractive index of a long focus convex lens

12. Focal length, Power, R and refractive index of a concave lens

13. Spectrometer – refractive index of a liquid

14. P.O. Box – Temperature coefficient of resistance

15. Potentiometer – Internal resistance

Note : Use of Digital balance is permitted

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The following procedure is to be followed for internal

marks(40 marks)
Attendance : 5 marks
Practical test – best 2 out of 3 : 30 marks
Record : 5 marks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 SEMESTER- III - CORE PAPER 4

OPTICS : SAR3A
Unit 1 : Geometrical Optics
Spherical aberration in lenses - methods of minimizing spherical aberration - condition
for minimum spherical aberration in the case of two lenses separated by a distance - Chromatic
aberration in lenses - Condition for achromatism of two thin lenses (in and out of contact) -
Dispersion produced by a thin prism - Achromatic prisms - Combination of prisms to produce -
Dispersion without deviation - Deviation without dispersion.

Unit 2 : Interference
Analytical treatment of interference - expression for intensity - condition for maxima and
minima in terms of phase and path difference - Airwedge - determination of diameter of thin
wire - test for optical flatness - Haidinger's fringes - Michelson's interferometer - theory -
applications - determination of wavelength; thickness of thin transparent material and resolution
of interferometer.

Unit 3 : Diffraction
Fresnel diffraction - diffraction at a circular aperture and narrow wire. Fraunhoffer
diffraction - single slit - double slit - (simple theory). Plane diffraction grating - missing order -
overlapping spectra - maximum number of orders - Determination of wavelengths using grating
- normal incidence - oblique incidence (theory). Dispersive power of a grating. Rayleigh's
criterion for resolution - limit of resolution of the eye - resolving power of Telescope and
microscope - resolving power of prism and grating - Difference between resolving power and
Dispersive power.

Unit 4 : Polarisation
Double refraction - Nicol prims -polarizer and analyzer - Huygen's explanation of double
refraction in uniaxial crystals - Dichroism - polaroids and their uses - Double image polarizing
prisms - Quarter wave plate and Halfwave plate - plane, elliptically and circularly polarized light
- production and detection - Babinet's Compensator - optical Activity - Fresnel's explanation of
optical activity - specific rotatory power - determination using Laurent's half shade polarimeter.

Unit 5 : Spectroscopy
Introduction to spectroscopy - Electromagnetic spectrum - characterization of electro
magnetic radiation - quantization of energy - regions of the spectrum – classification of
molecules – microwave spectroscopy – rigid rotator - vibrational spectroscopy – harmonic
oscillator - Raman effect - experimental set up - Characteristics of Raman lines - Laser - Ruby
laser - He-Ne, CO2 laser construction and working - application of laser.
Books for Study :
1. A Text book of Optics by Subrahmanyam N., Brij Lal and M.N. Avadhanulu,
S.Chand & Co., New Delhi(2006).
2. Optics by Khanna D.R. & Gulati H.R., S.Chand & Co., New Delhi (1979).
3. Optics and Spectroscopy by R.Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, S. Chand & Co.,
New Delhi (2006).
1. Molecular structure and spectroscopy by Aruldhas, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi (2005).

Books for Reference :

1. Fundamentals of Physics, by D.Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, Wiley, 6th
Edition, New York (2001).
2. Optics by Ajay Ghatak, Tata McGraw-Hill publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi(1998).
3. Spectroscopy by Gurdeep Chatwal, Sham Anand, Himalaya Publishing House(1990).

SEMESTER – IV - CORE PAPER 5

ATOMIC PHYSICS : SAR4A

Unit 1 : Discharge Phenomenon Through Gases

Moving of a charge in transverse electric and magnetic fields - specific charge of an

electron - Dunnington's method - magnetron method - positive rays – Aston’s , Dempster’s mass
spectrographs.

Unit 2 : Photo-electric Effect

Richardson and Compton experiment - Laws of photoelectric emission - Einstein photo

electric equation - Millikan's experiment - verification of photoelectric equation - photo electric
cells - photo emissive cells - photovoltaic cell - photo conducting cell - photomultiplier.

Unit 3 : Atomic Structure

Bohr and Sommerfield atom models - Vector atom model - Pauli's exclusion principle -
explanation of periodic table - various quantum numbers - angular momentum and magnetic
moment - coupling schemes - LS and JJ coupling - special quantisation - Bohr magnetron - Stern
and Gerlach experiments.
Unit 4 : Ionisation Potential and Splitting of Energy Levels

Excitation and ionization potential – Frank and Hertz’s experiment - Davis and
Goucher's method. Spectral terms and notions - selection rules - intensity rule and interval rule -
fine structure of sodium D lines - alkali spectra - fine structure of alkali spectra - spectrum of
Helium - Zeeman effect - Larmor's theorem - Debye's explanation of normal Zeeman effect.
Anamalous Zeeman effect - theoretical explanation. Lande's `g' factor and explanation of
splitting of D1 and D2 lines of sodium. Paschen-Back effect - Stark effect (qualitative study
only).

Unit 5 : X-Rays

Bragg's law - X-ray spectroscopy - characteristic X-ray spectra - satellite and Auger
effect - continuous X-ray spectra - X-ray absorption and fluorescence - Moseley's law - uses of
X-rays - Compton effect - experimental verification of Compton effect.

Books for Study

1. Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, S. Chand & Co., New

Delhi(2008).
2. Modern Physics by D.L.Sehgal, K.L.Chopra and N.K.Sehgal. Sultan Chand & Sons
Publication, 7th Edition, New Delhi(1991).
3. Atomic Physics by J.B. Rajam, S. Chand & Co., 20th Edition, New Delhi (2004).
4. Atomic and Nuclear Physics by N. Subrahmanyam and Brij Lal, S. Chand & Co. 5th
Edition, New Delhi(2000).

Book for Reference :

1. Modern Physics by J.H. Hamilton and Yang, McGraw-Hill Publication, (1996).

2. Concepts of Modern Physics by A. Beiser, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi(1997).
3. Fundamentals of Physics by D.Halliday, R.Resnick and J. Walker, Wiley, 6th Edition,
New York(2001).
4. Modern Physics by Kenneth S.Krane, John Willey & sons, Canada(1998).

Website :
www.abo.fi/~mhottoka/mhottoka/lectnote.html.
 Semester – IV - Core Paper – 6

Practical - II
(Practical Examination at the end of Fourth semester – Any Fifteen Experiments)

1. Young's modulus - cantilever - depression - (Static method)-(Scale and telescope)

2. Young's modulus - cantilever oscillations - (Dynamic method)
3. Rigidity modulus - Static torsion
4. Compound pendulum - g and k
5. Sonometer - A.C. Frequency - Steel and Brass wires
6. Melde's string - frequency, Relative Density of a solid and liquid
7. Thermal conductivity of a bad conductor - Lee's disc method
8. Spectrometer - μ of a glass prism - i-d Curve
9. Spectrometer - Grating N and λ - normal incidence method
10. Spectrometer - Grating N and λ - minimum deviation method
11. Air wedge - Thickness of a wire
12. m and BH - deflection mangetometer Tan C position and vibration magnetometer
13. Carey Foster bridge - Temperature coefficient of resistance of a coil
14. Potentiometer - Calibration of low range voltmeter
15. Potentiometer - Ammeter calibration.
16. Figure of merit of galvanometer (Miror Galvanometer (Or) Table Galvanometer)

17. * C.R.O. Study of wave forms - Lissajou's figures - frequency determination

18. * Study of resistors, Choke, capacitors and transformer
19. * Construction of battery eliminator - various voltages - with filter circuit and IC voltage
regulator.
20. * Two transistor Radio receiver
* Not for Examination
 SEMESTER – V - CORE PAPER 7

ELECTRICITY AND ELECTROMAGNETISM : SAR5A

Unit 1 : Chemical Effects of Electric Current

Faraday's laws of Electrolysis - ionic velocities and mobilities. Calculation and
experimental determination of ionic mobilities - transport number. Thermoelectricity- Peltier
effect - Experimental determination of Peltier coefficient - Thomson coefficient - experimental
determination of Thomson coefficient - application of thermodynamics to a thermocouple and
connected relations - thermoelectric diagram and uses.

Unit 2 : DC and AC Circuits

DC Circuits
Growth and decay of current in a circuit containing resistance and inductance - growth
and decay of charge in a circuit containing resistance and capacitor - growth and decay of charge
in an LCR circuit - condition for the discharge to be oscillatory - frequency of oscillation -
network analysis - Thevenin and Norton's Theorems.

AC Circuits
AC Voltage and current - Power factor and current values in and AC circuit containing
LCR circuit - series and Parallel resonant circuits - AC motors - single phase, three phase - star
and delta connections - electric fuses - circuit brakers.

Unit 3 : Magnetic Effect of Electric Current

Biot and Savart's law - magnetic field intensity due to a solenoid carrying current - effect
of iron core in a solenoid - Helmholtz galvanometer - moving coil ballistic galvanometer -
theory - damping correction - determination of the absolute capacity of a condenser using B.G.

Unit 4 : Electromagnetic Induction and Its Applications

Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction - inductor and inductance - determination of
self inductance of a coil using Anderson method - mutual inductance - experimental
determination of absolute mutual inductance - coefficient of coupling - Earth inductor - uses of
earth inductor - measurement of horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field -
measurement of vertical component of earth's magnetic field - calibration of B.G. - Induction
coil and its uses.

Unit 5 : Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic Theory

Basic equations - types of currents - vaccum displacement current - Maxwell's equations
- Maxwell's equations in free space - electromagnetic waves in free space - propagation of
electromagnetic wave in a non conducting medium - Hertz Experiment - energy density of e.m.
wave - Poynting's theorem - energy per unit volume.
Books for Study :
1. Electricity & Magnetism by M.Narayanamurthy & N.Nagarathnam, NPC pub., Revised
edition.
2. Electricity and Magnetism by Brijlal and Subrahmanyam; S.Chand & Co., New Delhi,
(2000).
3. Electricity & Magnetism by D.Chattopadhyay and P.C. Rakshit, Books and Allied (P)
Ltd.(2001).
4. Fundamentals of electricity and magnetism by B.D. Dugal and C.L. Chhabra, Shobanlal
Nagin, S. Chand & Co., 5th edition, New Delhi(2005).
5. Electricity and Magnetism by R. Murugeshan, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi, (2008).

Books for Reference:

1. Electricity & Magnetism by K.K.Tewari, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi, .(2002).
2. Introduction to Electrodynamics by D.J.Griffiths, Printice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 3rd
Edition, New Delhi(2003).
3. Fundamentals of Physics, D.Halliday, R.Resnick and J.walker, Wiley, 6th Edition, New
York (2001).

Web Site :
http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/physics/teach/ module-home/px207.
www.core.org.cn/ocw web/physics/8-311 spring 2004/lecture notes.

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SEMESTER – V - CORE PAPER 8

NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND PARTICLE PHYSICS – SAR5B

Unit 1 : General Properties of Nuclei

Nuclear size, charge, mass-determination of nuclear radius-mirror nucleus method-mass

defect and binding energy-packing fraction - nuclear spin - magnetic dipole moment - electric
quadrupole moment-nuclear models-liquid drop model-Weizacker semi empirical mass formula-
shell model and magic numbers-collective model-nuclear forces-meson theory of nuclear force
(qualitative).

Unit 2 : Radioactivity

Natural radioactivity-law of disintegration-half life and mean life period-units of

radioactivity-transient and secular equilibrium-radiocarbon dating-age of earth - alpha rays-
characteristics-Geiger Nuttal law - α-ray spectra-Gamow's theory of α-decay (qualitative study)-
beta rays-characteristics-beta ray spectra-neutrino hypothesis-violation of parity conservation-
experimental verification with Co60-gamma rays and internal conversion-nuclear isomerism.

Unit 3 : Radiation Detectors and Particle Accelerators

Ionisation chamber-G.M.Counter-quenching and resolving time-scintillation counter-photo

multiplier tube – thermoluminescence -thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) - Linear
accelerator-cyclotron-synchrocyclotron, betatron.

Unit 4 : Nuclear Reactions

Conservation laws-nuclear reaction Kinematics-Q-value-threshold energy - artificial

radioactivity-radioisotopes and its uses-classification of neutrons-nuclear fission-chain reaction -
critical mass and size-nuclear reactor-breeder reactor - transuranic elements-nuclear fusion-
thermonuclear reactions-sources of stellar energy.

Unit 5 : Elementary Particles

Classification of elementary particles fundamental interaction-elementary particle
quantum numbers - isospin and strangeness - conservation laws and symmetry-basic ideas about
quark-quark model.

Books for study

1. Atomic and Nuclear Physics by N. Subrahmanyam and Brijlal, S Chand & Co.,
New Delhi(1996).
2. Nuclear Physics by Tayal D.C., Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai(2006).
3. Nuclear Physics by R.C.Sharma, K.Nath & Co., Meerut (2000)
4. Nuclear Physics by Irving Kaplan, Narosa Publishing house, New Delhi.

Books for Reference

1. Nuclear Physics by R.R.Roy and B.P.Nigam, New Age International (P) Ltd., New
Delhi(1997).
2. Fundamentals of Elementary Particle Physics by Longo, Mc Graw-Hill.
3. Nuclei and Particles by Serge., W.A. Benjamin, USA
4. Elements of Nuclear Physics by ML Pandya and RPS Yadav, Kedarnath Ram Nath,
Meerut

Web Site
http://ocw.mit.edu/ocw Web/physics/8-701 spring 2004/Lectine notes.
http://faraday.physics.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/D.Bailey/Sub
Atomic/Lectures/Lect.html.
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 SEMESTER – V - CORE PAPER 9

SOLID STATE PHYSICS : SAR5C

Unit 1 : Crystal Structure

Crystal lattice – primitive and unit cell – seven classes of crystal – Bravais Lattice –
Miller Indices – Structure of crystals – simple cubic, hexagonal close packed structure, face
centred cubic structure, body centred cubic structure – Sodium chloride structure, Zinc Blende
structure, Diamond structure.

Unit 2 : Defects in Solids

X ray diffraction – Bragg’s law in one dimension – Experimental methods – Laue

Method, powder crystal method and rotating crystal method.

Defects in solids - Point defects - Frenkel and schottky defects - Equilibrium

concentrations - Line defects - Edge dislocation and screw dislocation - Surface defects - Grain
boundary - Effects of Crystal imperfections.

Unit 3: Chemical Bonds and Crystallography

Interatomic forces - Different types of chemical bonds - Ionic bond - Cohesive energy of
ionic Crystals and Madelung constant - Covalent bond - Metallic bond - Van der Waal's bond -
Hydrogen bond.

Superconductivity - General properties - Type I and II Superconductors - Meissner effect

- BCS theory - applications of super conductors.

Unit 4 : Dielectric Properties

Dielectric materials - Polarization, susceptibility and dielectric constant - Local field or

internal field - Clausius - Mossoti relation - Sources of polarizability - Electronic polarizability -
lonic polarizability - Orientational polarizability - Frequency and temperature effects on
polarization - Dielectric breakdown – Properties of different types of insulating materials.

Unit 5 : Magnetic Properties

Different types of magnetic materials - classical theory of diamagnetism (Langevin
theory) - Langevin theory of paramagnetism - Weiss theory of paramagnetism - Heisenberg
interpretation on internal field and quantum theory of ferromagnetism - Antiferromagnetism -
Hard and soft magnetic materials.
Books for Study

1. Materials Science by M.Arumugam, Anuradha Agencies Publishers.(2002)

2. Solid State Physics by R L Singhal, Kedarnath Ram Nath & Co., Meerut (2003)
3. Introduction to Solid State Physics by Kittel, Willey Eastern Ltd(2003).
4. Materials Science and Engineering by V. Raghavan, Prentice Hall of India Private
Limited, New Delhi(2004).

Books for Reference

1. Solid State Physics by S.O.Pillai, New Age International (P) Ltd.,(2002).

2. Solid State Physics by A. J.Dekker, Macmillan India(1985).
3. Solid State Physics by HC Gupta, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi (2001).

Web Site

http://folk.uio.no//dragos//solid/fys230-Exerciser.html.
http://www.physics.brocku.ca/courses/4p7d.

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SEMESTER – V - CORE PAPER 10

BASIC ELECTRONICS : SAR5D

Unit 1 : Semiconductor

Bandgap - forbidden energy gap - valence and conduction bands, pure semiconductor -
Law of mass action, Impurity in semiconductors - energy band diagram and fermi level - PN
junction barrier voltage across the junction.

Unit 2 : Transistor Amplifier

Transistor – different modes of operations – CB mode & CE mode - Two port

representation of a transistor - h parameter - AC equivalent circuit using h parameters - analysis
of an amplifier using h parameters common emitter only - expression for current gain, voltage
gain, input impedance, output impedance and power gain - RC coupled amplifier - frequency
response - analysis of low, mid and high frequency regions - classification of amplifiers - class A
power amplifier – push pull, class B power amplifier - emitter follower.
Unit 3 : Feedback oscillators

Feedback in amplifiers - effect of negative feedback - concept of feedback – Barkhuesen

condition - oscillators - phase shift and Wien's bridge oscillators - expression for frequency of
oscillation and condition for oscillation in each case.

Unit 4 : Wave shaping circuits and multivibrators

Clipping and clamping circuits - biased clipper - integrating and differentiating circuits -
RC time constant - Multivibrators - astable, monostable and bistable multivibrator - using
transistors.

Unit 5 : Special semiconductor devices and applications

Field effect transistor (FET) - characteristics - FET amplifier - Unijunction transistor

(UJT) - characteristics - saw tooth generator - VVR action - relaxation oscillator - frequency of
oscillation - SCR characteristics - SCR as a switch - SCR rectifier.

Books for Study

1. Hand Book of Electronics by Gupta and Kumar - Pragati Prakashan – Meerut(2002).

2. Principles of Electronics by V.K. Mehta, Rohit Mehta S. Chand & Co.(2006).
3. Electronics by M. Arul Thalapathi, Comptek Publishers(2005).
4. Elements of Electronics by M.K.Bagde and Singh S.P., S. Chand & Co., New
Delhi(1990).
5. Applied Electronics by A. Subramanyam – National Publishing Co.(1997)

Books for Reference

1. Electronic Devices by Mittal.G.K., G.K. Publishers Pvt. Ltd., (1993).

2. Basic Electronics by B.L. Theraja, S. Chand & Co., (2008).
3. Solid State Electronics by Ambrose and Vincent Devaraj, Meera Publication.
4. Applied Electronics by R.S. Sedha, S. Chand & Co.(1990).

Web Site

http://www.dear.haward.edu/courses/es154.
http://www.phys.ualberta.ca/~gingrich/phys395/notes/phy 395.html.

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 SEMESTER – VI - CORE PAPER 11

RELATIVITY AND QUANTUM MECHANICS : SAR6A

Unit 1 : Relativity
Frames of reference - Galilean transformation - Michelson - Morley experiment -
Postulates of special theory of relativity - Lorentz transformation - length Contraction - time
dilation - Relativity of simultaneity - addition of velocities - variation of mass with velocity –
Mass energy relation - Elementary ideas of general relativity.

Unit 2 : Wave Nature of Matter

Phase and group velocity - wave packet - expression of De Brogile's wave length -
Davisson and Germer's experiment - G.P.Thompson's experiment - Electron microscope -
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and its consequences.

Unit 3 : Schrodinger Equation

Inadequacy of classical mechanics - Basic postulates of quantum mechanics -
Schrodinger equation - Properties of wave function - Probability interpretation of wave function
- linear operators - self adjoint operators - expectation value - eigenvalues and eigenfunctions -
commutativity and compatibility.

Unit 4 : Angular Momentum in Quantum Mechanics

Orbital angular momentum operators and their commutation relations - separation of
three dimensional Schrodinger equation into radial and angular parts - Elementary ideas of spin
angular momentum of an electron - Pauli matrices.

Unit 5 : Solutions of Schrodinger Equation

Free particle solution - Particle in a box - Potential well of finite depth (one dimension) -
linear harmonic oscillator - rigid rotator and hydrogen atom.

Books for Study

1. A Text book of Quantum mechanics by P.M.Mathews and S.Venkatesan, Tata McGraw
- Hill, New Delhi(2005).
2. Quantum Mechanics by V.K.Thankappan, New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers,
New Delhi(2003).
3. Quantum mechanics by K.K.Chopra and G.C. Agrawal, Krishna Prakasam Media (P)
Ltd., Meerut First Edition(1998).
4. Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, S. Chand & Co.,(2008).
Books for Reference
1. Mechanics and Relativity by Brijlal Subramanyam, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi, .
(1990).
2. Concepts of modern physics by A.Beiser. Tata McGraw - Hill, 5th edition, New
Delhi(1997).
3. Introduction to quantum mechanics by Pauling and Wilson, McGraw – Hill.
4. Quantum mechanics by A.Ghatak and Loganathan, Macmillan India Pvt. Ltd.

Web Site
http://physics.usc.edu/~bars.
http://www.nscl.msu.edu/~pratt/phy851/lectrues/lectures.html.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEMESTER – VI - CORE PAPER 12

MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS : SAR6B

Unit 1 : Matrices and Special Functions

Characteristic equation of a matrix - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors - Hermition and

Unitary matrices - Properties of their eigenvalues and eigenvectors - Diagonalisation of
matrices.

Special functions - Gamma and Beta functions - Series solutions of Legendre, Bessel
and Hermite equations - Orthogonality properties of Legendre and Hermite Polynomials and
Bessel functions.

Unit 2 : Elementary Complex Analysis

Functions of a Complex variable - Continuity and differentiability - single and

multivalued functions - Analytic function - Cauchy - Riemann conditions (necessity and
sufficiency). Cauchy - Riemann Conditions in the Polar (r,θ) coordinates.

Unit 3 : Vector Analysis

Scalar and Vector fields - Gradient, Divergence and Curl - Equations of motion in the
vector notation - equations of motion (components) in cartesian coordinates and spherical polar
coordinates - equation of motion in the polar coordinates.
Unit 4 : Classical Mechanics

Generalised coordinates - configuration space - Lagrange's equation - simple

applications : to find equations of motion given a lagrangian; central potential and conservation
of angular momentum - Hamilton function and Hamilton's equations - harmonic oscillator.

Unit 5 : Statistical Physics

Quantum statistics of identical particles - Maxwell - Boltzmann, Bose - Einstein and

Fermi - Dirac statistics - Derivation of Planck's radiation formula from Bose - Einstein statistics
- Degenerate Fermi gas.

Books for Study

1. Mathematical Physics by Sathya Prakash, Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi (1996)
2. Classical Mechanics by J.C. Upadhyaya, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai(2003).
3. Introduction to Statistical Mechanics by S.K. Sinha Narosa Publication(2007).
4. Heat Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics by Brijlal N.Subrahmanyam, P.S. Hemne
S.Chand & Co., New Delhi.(2007).

Books for Reference

1. Mathematical Physics by B.D. Gupta, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi(1996).
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by E.Kreyszig, Eighth Edition, Wiley Publishers,
New York(1989).
3. Classical Mechanics by H.Goldstein, Special Indian student edition, Narosa Publishing
House, New Delhi(1985)

Web Site
http://phy.syr.edu/~trodden/courses/math methods.
http://www.mpipks_dresden.mpg.de/~jochen/methoden/outline/html.
 SEMESTER – V ELECTIVE 1

NUMERICAL METHODS-SER5A

Unit 1 : Simultaneous Linear Algebraic Equations

Method of triangularisation - Gauss elimination method - Inverse of a matrix - Gauss -
Jordan method

Unit 2 : Numerical Solution of Algebraic, Transcendental and Differential Equation

Bisection method – Regula falsi method - Newton - Raphson method - - Horner's
method - Solution of ordinary differential equation - Euler's method.

Unit 3 : Interpolation
Finite differences – operators ,,,,D – relation between operators –linear
interpolation – interpolation with equal intervals – Newton forward interpolation formula –
Newton backward interpolation formula.

Unit 4 : Curve Fitting

Principles of least squares - fitting a straight line - linear regression - fitting an
exponential curve.

Unit 5 : Numerical Integration

Trapezoidal Rule - Simpson's 1/3 rule and 3/8 rule - Applications - Weddle's rule

Books for Study

1. Numerical methods - M.K.Venkatraman, National Publishing Company, (1990).
2. Numerical methods by V. Rajaraman, Prentice - Hall India Pvt. Ltd., (2003).
3. Numerical methods by P. Kandasamy, K. Thilagavathy and K. Gunavathy, S. Chand &
Co. (2002).

Books for References

1. Numerical methods for Scientific and Engineering computation by Jain Iyenger and Jain,
New Age International (P) Ltd.,(2004).
2. Numerical methods by S.S.Sastry, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi(2003).

Web Site
http://www.sst.ph.ic.ac.uk/angur/lectures/compphys/compphys.html.
http://www.library.cornell.edu/nn/(Numerical receipier online book in C & Fortran).

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 SEMESTER – VI ELECTIVE 2
INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS-SER6A

Unit 1 : Fundamental Digital Electronics

Number systems – binary – hexadecimal – Binary addition – subtraction (1’s and 2’s
compliment method) – multiplication - division - BCD – Conversion – simplification of logic
circuits - using (i) Boolean algebra, (ii) Karnaugh map – Demorgan’s theorems - NAND and
NOR as universal building blocks.

Unit 2 : Combinational Logic Circuits

Half adder, full adder, half subtractor and full subtractor – 4 bit adder/subtractor -
decoder, encoder - multiplexer - demultiplexer.

Unit 3 : Sequential Logic Circuits

R.S flip flop, D flip flop and JK flip flops - JK Master Slave flip flop - synchronous and
ripple counters - BCD counter – Up/Down counters - shift registers - serial and parallel registers
- ring and twisted ring counter.

Unit 4 : OP-AMP Basic Applications

Characteristics parameters – differential gain – CMRR – Slew rate – bandwidth -

applications – inverter, non-inverter, integrator, differentiator, summing, difference and
averaging amplifier - solving simultaneous equations - comparator - square wave generator -
Wien's bridge oscillator - Schmitt trigger

Unit 5 : Timer, DAC/ADC

Timer 555 - Internal block diagram and working - astable multivibrator - schmitt trigger.
D/A converter - binary weighted method - A/D converter - successive approximation method.

Books for Study

1. Digital Principles and Application by Malvino Leach, Tata McGraw Hill, 4th Edition
(1992).
2. Digital Fundamentals by Thomas L. Floyd, Universal Book Stall, New Delhi(1998).
3. Introduction to Integrated Electronics by V.Vijayendran, S. Viswanathan (Printers and
Publishers) Pvt. Ltd., Chennai(2005).
4. OP - AMPs and Linear Integrated Circuits by Ramakant A. Gayakwad, Prentice
Hall of India (1994).
Books for Reference
1. Digital Electronics by Practice Using Integrated Circuits - R.P.Jain - Tata McGraw
Hill(1996).
2. Linear Integrated Circuits by D. Roy Choudhury and Shail Jain - New Age International
(P) Ltd.(2003).
3. Electronics - Analog and Digital by I.J. Nagrath - Prentice - Hall of India, New
Delhi(1999).
4. Integrated Electronics by J.Millman and C.Halkias, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi
(2001)

Web Site

http://www.dear.harward.edu/courses/es154.
http://www.phys.ualberta.ca/~gingrich/phys395/notes/phys395.html.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SEMESTER – VI - ELECTIVE 3

MICROPROCESSOR FUNDAMENTALS-SER6B

Unit 1 : Architecture

Architecture of 8085 – registers, flags, ALU, address and data bus, demultiplexing
address/data bus – control and status signals – control bus, Programmer’s model of 8085 – Pin
out diagram – Functions of different pins.

Unit 2 : Programming Techniques

Instruction set of 8085 – data transfer, arithmetic, logic, branching and machine control
group of instructions – addressing modes – register indirect, direct, immediate and implied
addressing modes.
Assembly language & machine language – programming techniques: addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, ascending, descending order, largest and smallest (single
byte)

UNIT 3 : Interfacing memory to 8085

Memory interfacing – Interfacing 2kx8 ROM and RAM, Timing diagram of 8085 (MOV Rd, Rs
– MVI Rd,data(8)) .
Unit 4 : Interfacing I/O Ports to 8085

Interfacing input port and output port to 8085 – Programmable peripheral interface 8255 –
flashing LEDs.

Unit 5 : Interrupts

Interrupts in 8085 - hardware and software interrupts – RIM, SIM instructions –

priorities – simple polled and interrupt controlled data transfer.

Books of Study

1. Microprocessor Architecture programming and application with 8085 / 8080A. by

R.S.Gaonkar, Wiley Eastern Ltd.(1992).
2. Fundamental of microprocessor 8085 by V. Vijayendran, S.Viswanathan
Publishers, Chennai(2003).
Fundamentals of Microprocessors and microcomputers by B.Ram - Dhanpat RAI
publication.

Reference

1. Introduction to microprocessor by Aditya Mathur - Tata Mc.Graw Hill Publishing

Company Ltd.(1987).
2. Microprocessor and digital system by Dougles V. Hall - 2nd Edition - McGraw Hill
Company(1983).

Web Site
http://www.engj.ulst.ac.uk/sidk/eeellla/lecture-series//microprocessor.
 Semester VI - Core Paper - 13
Practical - III – SAR61
(Practical Examination at the end of Sixth Semester -(Any Fifteen Experiments)

1. Young's modulus - Non uniform Bending - Koenig's method.

2. Kundt's Tube – Determination of velocity of sound in solid - Young's modulus.

3. Spectrometer - Small angled prism - Normal incidence and emergence refractive index

of the material of prism.

4. Spectrometer - (i - i') curve - refractive index.

5. Spectrometer - Cauchy's constant.

6. Newton's rings - R1, R2 and μ of convex lens.

7. Newton's rings - Refractive index of liquid.

8. Field along axis of a circular coil - Deflection magnetometer - BH and M.

9. Field along axis of a circular coil - vibration magnetic needle - BH.

10. Potentiometer - Calibration of high range voltmeter

11. Potentiometer - Temp coefficient. of resistance of a thermistor

12. Potentiometer - Emf of a thermo couple.

13. Thermo emf - Mirror galvanometer (or) spot galvanometer

14. B.G - Figure of merit (quantity of charge)

15. B.G - Comparison of EMFs

16. B.G - Comparison of capacitances

17. B.G - Internal resistance of a cell

18. B.G - High Resistance by leakage

19. B.G - Absolute capacitance

20. B.G - Comparison of mutual inductances

21. B.G - Absolute mutual inductance

22. B.G - Self inductance - Anderson method.

 Semester VI - Core Paper – 14
Practical – IV – SAR62
(Practical Examination at the end of Sixth Semester - Any Fifteen Experiments)

1. A.C. Circuit – LCR – Series resonance

2. A.C. Circuit – LCR – Parallel resonance

3. Bridge rectifier - Zener regulated power supply - 9V characteristics.

4. R-C Coupled Single Stage Amplifier - Frequency Response

5. R-C Coupled Amplifier with feedback.

6. Emitter follower

7. Transistor - Phase Shift Oscillator

8. Transistor - Wien’s Bridge Oscillator

9. FET characteristics

10. FET amplifier

11. UJT characteristics

12. UJT Relaxation oscillator

13. SCR characteristics

14. Transistor - Astable multivibrator

15. Transistor - Bistable multivibrator

16. NAND / NOR as universal gates.

17. Half Adder – Full adder – Ex-OR (7486)

18. Half Subtractor – Full subtractor – Ex - OR(7486)

19. 4 bit ripple counter using 7473/7476

20. 4 bit shift register using 7473/7476

21. Decode counter using 7490

 Semester VI - Core Paper – 15
Practical – V – SA63
(Practical Examination at the end of Sixth Semester)
(Any Fifteen Experiments)

1. Microprocessor – 8085 – 8 bit Addition

2. Microprocessor – 8085 – 8 bit Subtraction
3. Microprocessor – 8085 – 8 bit Multiplication
4. Microprocessor – 8085 – 8 bit Division
5. Microprocessor – 8085 – Addition of N Number of single byte numbers
6. Microprocessor – 8085 – Sorting of given set of numbers in ascending order
7. Microprocessor – 8085 – Sorting of given set of numbers in descending order
8. Microprocessor – 8085 – Finding the largest no. in a given set of numbers.
9. Microprocessor– 8085–Finding the smallest no. in a given set of numbers.
10. Op amp 741 - Inverting , Non - Inverting amplifier, unity follower.
11. Op amp 741 - Summing and difference amplifier
12. Op amp 741 – Differentiator, integrator
13. OP amp 741 – Solving simultaneous equations
14. Op amp 741 – Wein’s Bridge oscillator
15. Op amp 741 - Phase Shift oscillator
16. 555 - Timer - Schmitt Trigger
17. 555 - Timer - Astable operation
18. 555 - Timer - Monostable
19. D/A Converter – 4 bit, binary weighted resistor method

Books for the Study & Reference :

1. Practical Physics by D. Chattopadhyay, P.C. Rakshit, New Central Book Agency (p)
Ltd. Kolkata(2007).
2. Practical Physics and Electronics by C.C.Ouseph, U.J.Rao and Vijayendran,
S.Viswanathan (Printers & Publishers) Pvt., Ltd (2007).
3. Practical Physics by C L Arora, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi (2008)
ALLIED PHYSICS SYLLABUS
 Syllabus for Allied Physics Papers
(For students majoring in Mathematics, Chemistry, etc)

ALLIED PHYSICS PAPER – I - SBARA

Unit 1 : Waves and Oscillations

Simple harmonic motion – composition of two simple harmonic motion at right
angles (periods in the ratio 1:1) – Lissajou’s figures – uses – laws of transverse vibrations of
strings – Melde’s string – transverse and longitudinal modes – determination of a.c frequency
using sonometer (steel and brass wires) – ultrasonics – production – application and uses –
reverberation – factors for good acoustics of hall and auditorium.

Unit 2 : Properties of matter

Elasticity : Elastic constants – bending of beam – Young’s modulus by non- uniform
bending – energy stored in a stretched wire – torsion in a wire – determination of rigidity
modulus by torsional pendulum – static torsion.

Viscosity : Coefficient of viscosity – Poissuelle’s formula – comparison of viscosities

- burette method – Stoke’s law – terminal velocity – viscosity of highly viscous liquid –
lubrication.

Surface tension : Molecular theory of surface tension – excess of pressure inside a

drop and bubble – variation of surface tension with temperature – Jaeger’s method.

Unit 3 : Thermal Physics

Joule-Kelvin effect – Joule-Thomson porous plug experiment – theory and application
– liquefaction of gasses – Linde’s process – Helium I and II – adiabatic demagnetization.
Thermodynamic equilibrium – laws of thermodynamics – entropy change of entropy in
reversible and irreversible processes.

Unit 4 : Electricity and Magnetism

Capacitor – energy of a charged capacitor - loss of energy due to sharing of charges –
magnetic field due to a current carrying conductor – Biot Savart’s Law – Field along the axis
of the coil carrying current – peak, average and RMS values of ac current and voltage –
power factor and current values in an ac circuit – circuit control and protective devices –
switch and its types – fuses circuit breaker and relays.

Unit 5 : Geometrical optics

Refraction – Refractive index by microscopy – air cell – refraction at grazing
incidence and grazing emergence in prisms – combination of two small angled prisms to
produce ispersion without deviation and deviation without dispersion – direct vision prism –
constant deviation prism – defects of images – coma – distortion – spherical and chromatic
aberration in lenses.
Books for study

1. Allied Physics by R. Murugesan, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi (2005).

2. Waves and Oscillations by Brijlal and N. Subramanyam, Vikas Publishing house,
New Delhi (2001).
3. Properties of Matter by Brij Lal and N.Subramaniam, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi
(1994).
4. Heat and Thermodynamics by J.B.Rajam and C.L.Arora, 8th edition, S.Chand & Co.,
New Delhi (1976).
5. Optics and Spectroscopy by R. Murugesan, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi (2005).

Books for Reference

1. Fundamentals of Physics by Resnick Halliday and Walker, 6th edition, , John Willey
and Sons, Asia Pvt.Ltd., Singapore.
2.Text book of Sound by V.R.Khanna and R.S.Bedi, 1st edition, Kedharnaath Publish &
Co, Meerut (1998).
3. Electricity and Magnetism by N.S. Khare and S.S. Srivastava, 10th Edition, Atma Ram
& Sons, New Delhi (1983).
4. Optics by D.R. Khanna and H.R. Gulati, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi (1979).

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ALLIED PHYSICS – PAPER II - SBARB

Unit 1 : Physical Optics

Velocity of light – Michelson’s method. Interference : Colours of thin films –air
wedge – determination of diameter of a thin wire by air wedge – test for optical flatness –
Diffraction – Fresnel’s explanation of rectilinear propagation of light – theory of transmission
grating – Normal incidence – polarization – double refraction - optical activity – polarimeter.

Unit 2 : Atomic Physics

Atom model – vector atom model – electron, spin, quantum numbers – Pauli’s
exclusion principle – electronic configuration of elements and periodic classification of
elements – various quantum numbers – magnetic dipole moment of electron due to orbital
and spin motion – Bohr magneton – spatial quantisation – Stern and Gerlach experiment.

Unit 3 : Nuclear Physics

Nuclear model – liquid drop model – magic numbers - shell model – nuclear energy –
mass defect – binding energy. Radiation detectors – ionization chambers – GM Counter –
Fission Controlled and Uncontrolled chain reaction – nuclear reactor – thermonuclear
reactions – stellar energy.

Unit 4 : Elements of relativity and quantum mechanics

Postulates of theory of relativity – Lorentz transformation equations – derivation –
length contraction – time dilation – mass energy equivalence – uncertainty principle –
postulates of wave mechanics – Schrodinger’s equation – application to a particle in a box.
Unit 5 : Electronics
Basic Electronics: Zener diode – voltage regulator – LED – Transistor RC coupled
amplifier – feedback principle – condition for oscillation – phase shift oscillator – Wein’s
bridge oscillator.

Digital Electronics : NAND and NOR gates – Universal building blocks – Boolean
algebra – Demorgan’s theorem – verification – elementary ideas of ICs – SSI , MSI, LSI and
VLSI – Half adder, Full adder, Half Subtractor and Full subtractor.

Books for study

1. Allied Physics by R. Murugesan, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi (2005).

2. Allied Physics by K. Thangaraj and D. Jayaraman, Popular Book Depot, Chennai- (2004).

3. Text book of Optics by Brijlal and N. Subramanyam, S.Chand & Co, NewDelhi (2002).

4. Modern Physics by R. Murugesan, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi (2005).

5. Applied Electronics by A. Subramaniyam, 2nd Edition, National Publishing Co.

Chennai (2001).
Books for Reference

1. Fundamentals of Physics by Resnick Halliday and Walker, 6th edition, , John Willey
and Sons, Asia Pvt.Ltd., Singapore.
2. Optics by D.R. Khanna and H.R. Gulati, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi (1979).
3. Concepts of Modern Physics by A.Beiser, Tata McGraw Hill Publication, New Delhi
(1997).
4. Digital Fundamentals by Thomas L.Floyd, Universal Book Stall – New Delhi (1998).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ALLLIED PHYSICS – PRACTICALS – SBAR1
(Practical Examination at the end of even semester)

1. Young’s Modulus by Non-uniform bending using Pin and Microscope

2. Young’s Modulus by Non-uniform bending using Optic lever – Scale and telescope

3. Rigidity modulus by Static torsion method

4. Rigidity modulus by torsional oscillations without mass

5. Surface tension and interfacial tension – Drop Weight method

6. Comparison of viscosities of two liquids – Burette method

7. Specific heat Capacity of a liquid – Half time correction

8. Sonometer – Determination of a.c frequency

9. Newton’s rings - Radius of curvature

10. Air wedge – Thickness of a wire

11. Spectrometer – Grating – Wavelength of Mercury lines – Normal Incidence

12. Potentiometer – Voltmeter Calibration

13. P.O. Box – Specific resistance

14. B.G. – Figure of merit

15. Construction of AND, OR, NOT gates – using diodes and Transistor

16. Zener Diode – Characteristics

17. NAND gate as a universal gate

Note : Use of digital balance is permitted

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The following procedure is to be followed for internal marks

(40 marks)
Attendance : 5 marks
Practical test – best 2 out of 3 : 30 marks
Record : 5 marks

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 B.Sc.Physics (Non – Major Elective)

Out of the following four elective papers two electives are to be chosen, one
each for I & II semester.
1. Astrophysics
2. Everyday Physics
3. Basic Physics
4. Non-conventional Energy Sources
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PART IV (c)
NON-MAJOR ELECTIVE PAPERS

1. ASTROPHYSICS-SNREA

Unit 1: Astronomical instruments

Optical telescopes-refracting telescope-reflecting telescope- types of reflecting
telescopes – detectors and image processing.

Unit 2: Solar system

The Sun- physical and orbital data-photosphere-chromosphere-corona-solar
prominences – sunspot - solar flare- mass of the sun- solar constant- temperature of the sun-
sources of solar energy-solar wind.

Unit 3: Members of the solar system

Mercury – Venus- Earth – Mars – Jupiter- Saturn- Uranus- Neptune- Pluto- Moon –
Bode’s law – asteroids- comets – meteors.

Unit 4: Stellar evolution

Birth and death of a star –brightness of a star – stellar distance- Chandrasekar limit-
white dwarfs- Neutron stars – black holes- Supernovae.

Unit 5: Theories of the Universe and Galaxies

Origin of the Universe - the big bang theory- the steady state theory- the oscillating
universe theory – Huble’s law. Galaxies – types of galaxies- Milky way

Books for study :

1. Astrophysics - a modern perspective by K.S.Krishnaswamy, New Age International
(P) Ltd, New Delhi (2002).

2. An introduction to Astro physics by Baidyanath Basu, second printing, Prentice – Hall

of India (P) Ltd, New Delhi ( 2001).

Books for reference:

1. Modern Physics by R.Murugeshan, 11th edition, S.Chand & Company Ltd, New
Delhi (2003).
 2. Astronomy by S.Kumaravelu, Janki Calendar Corporation, Sivakasi (1993).
3. Astronomy by Baker and Fredrick, 9th edition, Van Nostrand reinhold Co, New York
(1964).
4. Illustrated World of Science Encyclopedia –Vol I to VIII, Creative World
Publications, Chicago.
5. Modern Physics by Kenneth S.Krane, John Wiley & Sons Inc., NY (1983).

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. EVERYDAY PHYSICS-SNREB

Unit 1
Physics behind Home appliances – Light bulb – Fan – Hair drier – Television – Air
Conditioners – microwave ovens – Vacuum cleaners – Dishwasher – Washing machines

Unit 2
How things work – Basic principles – Rape recorder – Taps – Lifts – Submarines –
Jet planes – Helicopters – Rockets – fax machines – Pagers – Cellular phones

Unit 3
Demonstration – making a switch board with multiple points – wiring – one lamp
controlled by one switch/Two switches – fixing a fuse – soldering – P.C.B Preparation

Unit 4
Study of resistors, chokes, Capacitors and Transformers – multimeter – Basic
principles – measurement of resistance, Voltage AC & DC

Unit 5
Servicing of domestic appliances – iron box – mixie – grinder – motor – emergency
lamp

Books for Study

1. The Learner’s series – Everyday science – Published by INFINITY BOOKS, New

Delhi

2. The Hindu speaks on Science, Vol I & II, Kasturi Ranga Publishers, Chennai

Books for Reference

1. Fundamentals of Physics by D. Halliday, R.Rensick and J. Walker, 6th edition, Wiley,

NY (2001).

2. Physics, Vols I, II, III by D.Halliday, R.Resnick and K.S.Krane, 4th Edition, Wiley,
 New York (1994).

3. The Feymann Lectures on Physics Vols I, II, III by R.P. Feynmann, R.B. Leighton &
M. Sands, Narosa, New Delhi (1998).

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. BASIC PHYSICS-SNREC

Unit 1 : Mechanics
Force – Weight – Work – Energy – Power – Horsepower – Centrifuge – Washing
machine

Unit 2 : Heat
Variation of boiling point with pressure – Pressure cooker – Refrigerator – Air
conditioner – Principle and their capacities – Bernoulli principle – Aero plane

Unit 3 : Sound and Optics

Sound waves – Doppler effect – Power of lens – Long sight and short sight –
Microscope – Telescope – Binocular – Camera

Unit 4 : GeoPhysics and Medical Physics

Earthquake – Richter scale – thunder and lightning – Lightning arrestors – Cosmic
showers – X-rays – Ultrasound scan – CT scan – MRI scan

Unit 5 : Space science and Communication

Newton’s law of gravitaion – Weather forecasting and communication satellites –
Indian satellites – Electromagnetic spectrum – Radio waves – AM and FM transmission and
reception

Books for Study

1. The Learner’s series – Everyday science – Published by INFINITY BOOKS, New
Delhi

2. The Hindu speaks on Science, Vol I & II, Kasturi & Sons, Chennai

Books for Reference

1. Fundamentals of Physics by D. Halliday, R.Rensick and J. Walker, 6th edition, Wiley,

NY (2001).

2. Physics, Vols I, II, III by D.Halliday, R.Resnick and K.S.Krane, 4th Edition, Wiley,
New York (1994).
3. The Feymann Lectures on Physics Vols I, II, III by R.P. Feynmann, R.B. Leighton &
M. Sands, Narosa, New Delhi (1998).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES-SNRED

Unit 1 : Solar energy

Conventional Energy sources – Renewable Energy sources- solar energy – solar
radiation and its measurements- solar energy collectors- parabolic collector- storage of solar
energy

Unit 2 : Applications of solar energy

Solar water heater- solar driers- solar cells- solar electric power generation- solar
distillation- solar pumping – solar cooking

Unit 3: Wind energy

Basic principles of wind energy conversion- power in the wind – forces in the
Blades- wind energy conversion- Advantages and disadvantages of wind energy conversion
systems (WECS) Energy storage- Applications of wind energy

Unit 4: Oceanic energy

Energy from the oceans- Energy utilization- Energy from tides- Basic principle of
tidal power – Utilization of tidal energy

Unit 5 : Energy from other sources

Chemical energy – Nuclear energy - Energy storage and distribution

Books for study

1. Non-conventional sources of energy by G.D. Rai, 4th edition, Khanna Publishers,

New Delhi (1996).
2. Solar Energy, Principles of thermal collection and storage by S.P.Sukhatme 2nd
edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi (1997).

Book for reference

1. Energy Technology by S.Rao and Dr. Parulekar