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16 views

matlab13

Uploaded by

ABHAY THAKUR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment: Computing Eigenvalues for a Matrix in MATLAB

Objective

To compute the eigenvalues of a matrix using MATLAB and understand their significance in linear
algebra.

Theory

Eigenvalues are scalar values associated with a square matrix, where the matrix, when multiplied by
a vector (called an eigenvector), results in the same vector scaled by the eigenvalue. This can be
represented mathematically as:

A⋅v=λ⋅v

Where:

 A: Square matrix

 v: Eigenvector

 λ: Eigenvalue

Eigenvalues are useful in various applications, including stability analysis, vibration analysis, and
principal component analysis (PCA).

In MATLAB, the eig function is used to compute the eigenvalues of a matrix.

Materials Required

 MATLAB Software

 A computer system with MATLAB installed

Procedure

1. Define a Square Matrix: Create or input a square matrix AAA for which eigenvalues will be
computed.

A = [4, -2; 1, 1];

2. Compute Eigenvalues: Use the eig function to compute the eigenvalues of the matrix AAA.

eigenvalues = eig(A);

3. Verify Results: Verify the eigenvalues by solving the characteristic equation det(A−λI)=0.

syms lambda;

char_eq = det(A - lambda * eye(size(A)));

solve(char_eq, lambda);

4. Analyze Eigenvectors (Optional): Compute the eigenvectors along with eigenvalues.

[V, D] = eig(A);
5. Repeat with Different Matrices: Experiment with matrices of different sizes and elements,
including symmetric and non-symmetric matrices.

Observations

Eigenvectors
Matrix AAA Eigenvalues (λ\lambdaλ)
(vvv)
[4−211]\begin{bmatrix} 4 & -2 \\ 1 & 1 \ λ1=3,λ2=2\lambda_1 = 3, \ Calculated by
end{bmatrix}[41−21] lambda_2 = 2λ1=3,λ2=2 eig
[2003]\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0 \\ 0 & 3 \ λ1=2,λ2=3\lambda_1 = 2, \
Diagonal matrix
end{bmatrix}[2003] lambda_2 = 3λ1=2,λ2=3

Conclusion

The eigenvalues of a matrix provide critical insights into its properties and behaviors, such as stability
and transformations. MATLAB's eig function simplifies eigenvalue computation, and symbolic
verification ensures accuracy.

Code

matlab

Copy code

% Define a square matrix

A = [4, -2; 1, 1];

% Compute eigenvalues

eigenvalues = eig(A);

disp('Eigenvalues of the matrix:');

disp(eigenvalues);

% Verify results symbolically

syms lambda;

char_eq = det(A - lambda * eye(size(A)));

disp('Characteristic equation:');

disp(char_eq);

lambda_values = solve(char_eq, lambda);

disp('Verified eigenvalues:');

disp(lambda_values);
% Compute eigenvectors

[V, D] = eig(A);

disp('Eigenvectors:');

disp(V);

disp('Diagonal matrix of eigenvalues:');

disp(D);

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