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    STA108HW4-1

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    STA108HW4-1

    Uploaded by

    nitink2003
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    STA108HW4-1

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    nitink2003

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    STAHW4

    Nitin Kanchi

    2023-11-08

    Warning: package ’readr’ was built under R version 4.0.5

    Problem - 1
    a

    [,1]
    [1,] 819499

    [,1] [,2]
    [1,] 16 448
    [2,] 448 13824

    [,1]
    [1,] 3609
    [2,] 103656

    [,1] [,2]
    [1,] 0.675000 -0.02187500
    [2,] -0.021875 0.00078125

    [,1]
    [1,] 146.425

    [1] 7.059776786 0.008171038

    [,1] [,2]
    [1,] 1 30

    [1] 0.6863672

    1
    [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10]
    [1,] 0.825 -0.175 -0.175 -0.175 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.025 -0.025
    [2,] -0.175 0.825 -0.175 -0.175 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.025 -0.025
    [3,] -0.175 -0.175 0.825 -0.175 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.025 -0.025
    [4,] -0.175 -0.175 -0.175 0.825 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.025 -0.025
    [5,] -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 0.925 -0.075 -0.075 -0.075 -0.050 -0.050
    [6,] -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.075 0.925 -0.075 -0.075 -0.050 -0.050
    [7,] -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.075 -0.075 0.925 -0.075 -0.050 -0.050
    [8,] -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.075 -0.075 -0.075 0.925 -0.050 -0.050
    [9,] -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.050 -0.050 -0.050 -0.050 0.925 -0.075
    [10,] -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.050 -0.050 -0.050 -0.050 -0.075 0.925
    [11,] -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.050 -0.050 -0.050 -0.050 -0.075 -0.075
    [12,] -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.050 -0.050 -0.050 -0.050 -0.075 -0.075
    [13,] 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.100 -0.100
    [14,] 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.100 -0.100
    [15,] 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.100 -0.100
    [16,] 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.100 -0.100
    [,11] [,12] [,13] [,14] [,15] [,16]
    [1,] -0.025 -0.025 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050
    [2,] -0.025 -0.025 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050
    [3,] -0.025 -0.025 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050
    [4,] -0.025 -0.025 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050
    [5,] -0.050 -0.050 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025
    [6,] -0.050 -0.050 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025
    [7,] -0.050 -0.050 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025
    [8,] -0.050 -0.050 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025 -0.025
    [9,] -0.075 -0.075 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100
    [10,] -0.075 -0.075 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100
    [11,] 0.925 -0.075 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100
    [12,] -0.075 0.925 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100 -0.100
    [13,] -0.100 -0.100 0.825 -0.175 -0.175 -0.175
    [14,] -0.100 -0.100 -0.175 0.825 -0.175 -0.175
    [15,] -0.100 -0.100 -0.175 -0.175 0.825 -0.175
    [16,] -0.100 -0.100 -0.175 -0.175 -0.175 0.825

    in the R section # Problem - 1

    sx rk yr dg yd sl
    1 male full 25 doctorate 35 36350
    2 male full 13 doctorate 22 35350
    3 male full 10 doctorate 23 28200
    4 female full 7 doctorate 27 26775
    5 male full 19 masters 30 33696
    6 male full 16 doctorate 21 28516

    Call:
    lm(formula = sl ~ yd + dg, data = salary)

    Residuals:
    Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
    -8589.8 -2724.4 -682.9 2391.1 9486.0

    2
    Coefficients:
    Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
    (Intercept) 17422.01 1066.60 16.334 < 0.0000000000000002 ***
    yd 483.99 63.98 7.565 0.000000000889 ***
    dgmasters -4113.89 1361.44 -3.022 0.00399 **
    ---
    Signif. codes: 0 ’***’ 0.001 ’**’ 0.01 ’*’ 0.05 ’.’ 0.1 ’ ’ 1

    Residual standard error: 4090 on 49 degrees of freedom


    Multiple R-squared: 0.541, Adjusted R-squared: 0.5222
    F-statistic: 28.87 on 2 and 49 DF, p-value: 0.00000000519

    Y = 17422.01 + 483.99X1 - 4113.89X2(X2 = 1 if it’s masters)


    b b1 represents the additional salary associated with each additional year of experience after the highest
    degree was earned, assuming the degree type is held constant
    c b2 represents the difference in salary between a doctorate and a master’s degree holder, assuming the
    number of years since the highest degree type is held constant.
    d

    1
    21293.93

    A person who has 8 years of experience and holds an doctorate the salary this person should have is estimated
    to be $21293.93 according to the model.
    e

    2.5 % 97.5 %
    yd 355.42 612.5604

    we are 95% confident that b1 is within the interval (355.42, 612.56). This implies that for every year of
    experience that increases we can say that the salary increases from $355.42 to 612.56 dollars.

    problem 2
    a

    1.25 % 98.75 %
    (Intercept) 14955.6292 19888.3819
    yd 336.0472 631.9332
    dgmasters -7262.0450 -965.7403

    b the coefficient for dgmasters is -4113.89, which means subjects with a master’s degree earn, on average,
    $4113.89 less over three months than subjects with a doctorate, holding years of experience constant.
    c

    3
    Scheffe-adjusted prediction intervals

    Family-wise confidence level of at least 0.9

    fit lwr upr


    1 15244.07 5638.187 24849.96
    2 21293.93 12152.719 30435.14

    fit lwr upr


    1 15728.06 6977.768 24478.36
    2 18389.99 9940.885 26839.09

    The difference is between the fitted values $2661.93 is the smallest expected difference in salary between
    subject 1 and subject 2.

    knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = FALSE, comment = NA, message = FALSE)


    options(scipen = 999) #Remove the scientific notation
    library(readr)
    library(api2lm)
    plastic<-read_tsv('Plastic-hardness.txt')
    Y <- as.matrix(plastic$Y)
    X <- as.matrix(cbind(1, plastic$X)) # Adding a column of 1s for the intercept
    YTY <- t(Y) %*% Y
    XTX <- t(X) %*% X
    XTY <- t(X) %*% Y
    print(YTY)
    print(XTX)
    print(XTY)
    XTX_inv <- solve(XTX)
    b <- XTX_inv %*% XTY
    Y_hat <- X %*% b
    H <- X %*% XTX_inv %*% t(X)
    SSE <- t(Y - Y_hat) %*% (Y - Y_hat)
    s2_b <- diag(XTX_inv * as.numeric(SSE / (nrow(X) - ncol(X))))

    XTX_inv
    SSE
    s2_b
    Xh <- matrix(c(1, 30), nrow = 1) # Converts Xh into a 1x2 matrix (row vector with an intercept)
    s2_pred <- as.numeric(Xh %*% XTX_inv %*% t(Xh)) * as.numeric(SSE / (nrow(X) - ncol(X)))

    Xh
    s2_pred
    M <- diag(rep(1, nrow(X))) - H
    M
    salary<-read.csv('salary2.csv')

    head(salary)
    salary$dg <- as.factor(salary$dg)
    model<- lm(data = salary, sl ~ yd + dg)
    summary(model)

    4
    newdata <- data.frame(yd = 8, dg = factor("doctorate", levels = levels(salary$dg)))
    predicted_salary <- predict(model, newdata)
    print(predicted_salary)
    confint(model, "yd", level = 0.95)
    confint_bonferroni <- confint(model, level = 1 - (0.05/2))
    confint_bonferroni
    newdata<-data.frame(yd = c(4, 8), dg = factor(c("masters", "doctorate"), levels = levels(salary$dg)))
    predict_adjust(model, newdata = newdata,interval = "prediction",method = "scheffe",
    level=0.90)
    new_data2 <- data.frame(yd = c(5, 2), dg = factor(c("masters", "doctorate"), levels = levels(salary$dg))
    predictions2 <- predict(model, new_data2, interval = "prediction", level = 0.95)

    predictions2

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