Adobe Scan 04 Dec 2024

8.
ovganic chmsty- Some bai Prinuples 2 Technigues

Ofivst gani Confrnd Syntesid in
NH, CN 0
Ammonium yanata
head to head' ovmapiy
aw may o2 T bmds ar prent in eah of ta futlowrg mole ulu )
OHC =cCH= CHCh3
JI
4
H
H
bonds - |1
inyolkd in 9 PaNY (U Hircay nte ule!

What ye g hyndia hm
Planr - Sp hnr - Sp brd degh.
order g c-c
tte fotoung in inreatirg
u)
benzene 2 sp
(9 what ù te
What aye isomers ?
Called soeYS
and ekamiae popnkia
fottoi:
O Selet electophila ut 4 He cy, R-x +
cey, R-x
: H, Na, Ar, SOg, CH Ci,, tte
m tollouhg'
Selet nuleophilles
oH, R-x, ton, Ho, Ng, C
Bnh,
( wha y funchinal nole ule that

gmap atms pyewnt
The atom
chem'a prpahes u Caled tucinel gmp.
detevmina ts
0. ACom?ud is forned by te
for bnobe hydnen atms in Pr pane .what te num ber of
Struc Soners pomible
4 Stuhn iemes Joise.
yolahle ard ak insolusle in wali Thex fone,

KAsen hal oils ax
thsy ae punihed by stean dishilaKom
Conponen. hich techn'ue wis you employ
Ld has thee
) A column Cho nalo gaphy
them ? An:
0-bo phenst and pibo Plant?
a miàbye f
O-ibopenol being volatile disils overin alang
tte
Sheam &atilla him. phnd beina non-volahte
non-olahle emaini
vem
with water,wlile p-to
Huk.
Rodine fm Sodium chlonde 2
Subimahm.
each of He 4ollowig bnd- line formula to show au the
9 and tydngen
atims including
4-CC-cc-c-C-C- -H
OH
-H
wne Condemed ad bnd line on mula for te
Codd Bind i
(
(C4),(HG oH
BY
-C20
wii
ko (c4), CH (CY) CHCcy), uo
0Nc CH -CN Ho CH CCN),
te "e hmdisa hm ech easbn in ta Pollouig

Compand) Sp
sp SP CH cN
HcONH CH CH
H-cN CHg -CH= CH -C =N
Homologons' Series : sp Sp
A group a series t organic Compus eachCont
chaiacteishe
membeYs ot te
funchmal
funthmal gnyp
Jmp forms a home logoS Serier dnd the
Sene
Caled homolofous
aye
Thoy dieY fom eah otter in molecutar oymua by a-t4y onitr

Styucta
Cain hoenim:
when to er mee Compands have Simay molelar
fyma bt oitfeent avben Skele on
entane
Neo pentane
posihon
when t o or more Compiunds itter in te posihon
Substitent aton funcimad gry on te avbon steletan.
(H- 4 - CHa
Profan-
d) Punhonal gup isomenm Aame moleulay omula
moe
Compaunds aving
bt ditteent tuncimal gys.
CH--cM cH, cy CHo
Propan on propand
Dt anses due t ditfeyent alky chains n eter Siode ol

the . tunc hinal gmp inin tte mole ue.
methoy prpara Ethory ethane.

2) Heteroyte ckavogc: that tte shacd Par of
bond bYeaks
The tn Such a fastin
with te frgment
aa) tomoyie clearge: ovalent bond

t He Shaed Pai'r in a
She af tha ekLhns atons.
goe wth eac + tte bonded halt~asdad cued
inovement is Ahow'n by
The single
R+ X
X
Hlt frea yadilal
a3) what ae nudeoplilea
A egent. tat brings
an
Caled - Nudeophile 4: oH
that tates ayay an .pat fom eace sie
A yeagent
Caed- etatpile. ey: A,
awhat ae Caybocati on ( Cavkonium 1n ?
AApeuies having a Crbm atom w
eig }entet g Cavbn
and a Posihie change u Caled Caboaion -
Stamity order Caboab'on :
+
ds). Hyhdisa hm g Cavbn in methye Castotahon u s

) Tnductiye etfet:
t (S an leehonC etet that ocEUrs in a mole ule e ion
When theve is a polavbahm of sigma binda
He ditteenca in eleonegatiity betwen
Caued by tte
atoms at eiter end bmd
Negatie Drducie etet (-): with drawirg 9Yups pu electon
densily anay tm te, et es te mole cule.
densíL
Dustive Drductie efet +T): dorating 'gnups push
te mole le.
elorance Staiyahn energy
24) Resorane eegy ahual shuche
energy ketvean the
The diterene
lowet ngy onance
ael the
Resonance Het:
dened as tte Polayiy puduced in He nolecwe
befnen a T bond and
by tte adyoent atom.
es pent m an
oe paY
Pssiile Relonane efet (tR etet) atom subs bhuent
away tm an
Coyted
vokn)
Rekoranu fet (-Rfen te transter is towaYds

Sutshhan t grop atacad tti te Cajuguted System
(Reter paye
2a6 vd-T)
Feomeie etet te Complute trans fer eg a shakd ar
to ne joired by a mulhple bmd on the
demaind 4 an attocking gent.
Positie elecomen etet (+E): Teof te muthple bond ave
tyansted tat atm to which te eogent attached
to that atm t which the atalting igent do

doees not get
atuhd
4 CN
CN ’
30. Hyr eoryaim olty

to an
atom t unsahnted Bytem
gmup diyty attahed to Pobital
otn with an dnAhared
R a pevmanent ettet 2 fee radiuh.
alkene, avtoa ban
DE s obseyved in
ber
Points to emem
Cyomethy
Neofenty.
hyridsa hm; CSunmadad Cgtn' peay.

y aigla brrd
Msp T-bnd
Sp dousle bm lo
Spt sp
Sp tipe bmd
CH cH funchimal prionty ordir:
ovder
CooH, So, H, CoOR, Cou, coNs, cN, CHo, to, oH,

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8.

ovganic chmsty- Some bai Prinuples 2 Technigues

inyolkd in 9 PaNY (U Hircay nte ule!

( wha y funchinal nole ule that

yolahle ard ak insolusle in wali Thex fone,

0Nc CH -CN Ho CH CCN),

te "e hmdisa hm ech easbn in ta Pollouig

Thoy dieY fom eah otter in molecutar oymua by a-t4y onitr

Dt anses due t ditfeyent alky chains n eter Siode ol

methoy prpara Ethory ethane.

aa) tomoyie clearge: ovalent bond

ds). Hyhdisa hm g Cavbn in methye Castotahon u s

Rekoranu fet (-Rfen te transter is towaYds

to that atm t which the atalting igent do

30. Hyr eoryaim olty

hyridsa hm; CSunmadad Cgtn' peay.

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