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1) SLAVE DYNASTY (1206-1290)

 Qutb Uddin Aibak (1206-1210)

 He established Capital at two places i.e., Lahore & Delhi
 He is also known as Lakh Bash
 2nd ruler Aram Shah (1210-1211)
 3rd ruler Shams Uddin Iltutmish (1211-1236)
 Razia Sultana (first woman ruler of subcontinent) daughter of Shams
Uddin iltutmish (1236-1240)
 Ghiyas Uddin Balban (1266-1287) (Baba Farid married her daughter)
 Moiz Uddin (1287-1290)
 Qutab Minar is in Delhi (1198-1215)
 Jalal-Ud-Din Khilji Founded the Khilji Dynasty.

2) KHILJI DYNASTY (1290-1320)

 Jalal Uddin khilji rule (1290-1296)

 The court language of Khilji Dynasty was Persian.
 Alauddin Khilji followed the Divine Right Theory of Kingship.
 Alauddin also introduced Spy System.
 He also introduced Fixed Price System.
 The last Khilji ruler, Qutb-ud-Din Mubarak (younger son of Alauddin
khilji) was murdered in 1320 and in turn replaced by Ghiyas Tughluq who
was the first ruler of Tughluq Dynasty.

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3) TUGHLAQ DYNASTY (1320-1413)

 Founder Ghiyas Uddin Tughlaq (1320)

 2nd ruler Muhammad Bin Tughlaq (1324-1351)
 3rd Feroz Shah Tughlaq (1351-1388)
 Muhammad Khan (1388)
 Ghiyas Uddin Tughlaq II
 Naseer Uddin Muhammad (1390-1394)
 Hamayun (1394-95)
 Nasir Uddin Muhammad (1395-1413)

POLICIES OF TUGHLAQ DYNASTY

 To fill treasury, raised taxes

 Shifted capital from Delhi to Devagiri (M.B.Tughlaq)
 Introduced Copper Currency
 Conquered areas of Khurasan, Iraq & Transoxiana
 Introduced Canal system for irrigation
 Collapsed of Dynasty came in 1413
 Former governor of Multan (Khizer Khan) defeated Nasir Uddin Muhammad
and became the Sultan of Delhi.

4) SAYYID DYNASTY (1414-1451)

 Founder Khizar Khan (1414-1421)

 Mubarak Shah (1421-1434)
 Muhammad Shah (1434-1445)
 Alaud din Shah (1445-1451)
 Mubarak Shah- appointed Hindu nobles in the court of Delhi
 He also constructed Mubarakabad city on the bank of Jumna
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 Alaud din was removed from the throne by Balhul Lodhi

5) Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526)

 Balhul Lodhi is the founder of Lodhi dynasty
 It was fifth and final dynasty
 Sikender Lodhi (1489-1517)
 Ibrahim lodhi was the last Ruler
 Ibrahim Lodhi was defeated by Mughal Empror Babur in 1526
 The legacy of lodhi dynasty was their architectural contribution
 Lodhi Garden
 Sheesh Gumbad

6) Mughal Empire (1526-1857)

1) Zaheer ud Din Muhammad Babar (1526-1530)

 He was the founder of Mughal Empire
 Nickname Babur or Lion
 He originally came from Farghana
 It is also Known as Timurid Empire in India
 Tuzk-i-Babri is the name of Babur’s Autobiography
 He established the Fort of Bala Hisar in Peshawer
 Babur is buried in Kabul, Afghanistan

2) Naseer Ud Din Muhammad Humayun (1530-1556) 2 nd Emperor

 He falls from stairs of Royal Library and died on 24 January 1556

3) Jalal Ud Din Muhammad Akbar (1542-1605) 3nd Emperor

 Muhammad Akbar popularly known as Akbar the Great born on 1542
 He and Bairam defeated Sikandar Suri and exiled him to Bangal in 1557
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 He abolished the pilgrimage tax on Hindus and Jizya

 Akbar appointed Todar Mal for Revenue Reforms in 1572
 He was called the first National King and Secular in his outlook
 Akbar has an Ibadat Khana made at Fathpur Sikri
 He introduced Deen-i-Elahi in 1582
 He served as the longest ruler of Mughal Empire
 He died on 17 Oct 1605 and buried at Sikandara

4) Noor Ud Din Muhammad Jahangir (1605-1628) 4th Emperor

 Childhood name of Jahangir was Saleem and nick name was Sheikhu
 Jahangir was the first Muhghal emperor to allow British to trade with India
 In 1615, Sir Thomas Roe was sent by English King to the court of Jahangir
 Jahangir married to Noor Jahan (Mehr Un Nisa) in 1611
 Hiran Minar located at Sheikhupura was built by Jahangir
 Jahangir died on 28 Oct 1627 and his tomb is in Shahdara Lahore.

5) Shah Jahan (1628-1658) 5th Emperor

 His real name was Shahab Ud Din Muhammad Khurram
 He succeeded his father Jhangir in 1628
 He transferred Capital from Agra to Delhi in 1648
 Taj Mahal (1632-48) is the master piece of Shah Jahan and was erected in the
memory of his queen Mumtaz Begum (Mother of Aurangzeb)
 He built a fortress called the Red Fort/Lal Qila (1639-48) as well as Jamia
Masjid at Delhi
 The Peacock of Throne was made for Shah Jahan
 Shalimar Garden (1642) made at Lahore during the regime of Shah Jahan
 Shah Jahan imprisoned at Agra fort by his son Aurangzeb
 He fell ill and died on 1666

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6) Muhi Ud Din Aurangzeb (1658-1707) 6th Emperor

 The second crown ship of Aurangzeb was performed at Red Fort in 1659
 His real name was Muhi ud Din Muhammad
 The second Coronation of Aurangzeb was performed at Red Fort
 He was called Zinda Pir due to his simple life style
 He banned Music and Dancing
 Badshahi Mosque in Lahore was constructed by Aurangzeb in 1673
 He married with Rabia Ud Din Durani also known as Dilras Bano Begum
 He built Bibi ka Maqbara (Tomb of the lady) in the memory of his wife in
1688
 He died on 1707

7) Bahadur Shah Zafar (1837-1857) Last Emperor

 He was the last ruler of Mughal emperor
 He ruled 1837- 1857
 He was Udru poet –Kulliyat e Zafar
 He was deported to Rangoon after 1857
 Major William Hodson defeated him
 He was exiled to Burma jail in 1857
 He died at Rangoon jail in Burma in 1862
 After War of Independence, in 1857 Lord Canning was made first Viceroy of
India.

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REFORMISTS OF SUBCONTINENT
Mujadid Alf Sani
 He was born on 26 June 1564 in Sirhind (Naqshbandi Order/ Silsila)
 Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi is also known as Imam Rabani
 He negated the concept of Wahdat-ul-Wajood
 He promoted the concept of Wahdat-us-Shahood
 Ib-al-Arbi introduced Wahdat-ul-Wajood Doctrine
 Akbar introduced Deen-e-Elahi in 1582 to reconcile Hindus and Muslims
 Ahmed Sirhindi refused to prostate before Jahangir and was imprisoned (2
years) in the Fort of Gwalior
 He served during the regime of two Mughal emperors (Akbar & Jahangir)
 Molana Abdul Hakeem gave him the title of Mujadid Alf Sani
Books of Sirhindi
 Maktobat-e-Rabani (research and ijtihad)
 Asbat-un-Nabuwat)
 Maaraf-ud-Dunya (Sharia and Tsawaf)
 He died on 10 Dec,1624 and buried in Sirhind

Shah Wali Ullah (Syed Qutab ud Din Ahmad)

 He was born on 21 Feb, 1703 during the regime of Aurangzeb
 His father’s name was Abdul Raheem (founder of Madrassa Raheemia)
 He translated Quran into Persian
 His sons Shah Abdul Qadir and Shah Rafi-ud-Din translated Quran into
Urdu (1776)
 He wrote Al Insaf-fi-Bayan and Hujat-ul-Baligha
 He requested Ahmad Shah Abdali who came to defend(3rd Panipat War)
 He introduced ‘Economic Equilibrium’
 He is considered forerunner of socialist leader Karl Marx
 He also propagated the concept of Wahdat-ul-Wajood
 He wrote 51 books (Arabic 23 & Persian 28)
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 He died in 1762 (Delhi)

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
 Sir Syed was born on 17 Oct, 1817 in Delhi
 He married to Parsa begum also known as Mubarak begum in 1836
 He was pioneer of Aligarh Movement (A socio-political venture)
 He was also the pioneer of Two Nation Theory
 Initially he got a job in the court at Agra as assistant clerk (1838)
 He promoted to Munshi in 1840
 He became chief judge in 1846 and retired in 1876
 He established 1st school at Moradabad in 1859
 Scientific society was established at Ghazipur in 1864
 Scientific society published Ali Garh Institute, both in English & Urdu, in
1866
 Urdu Hindi controversy was started in Banaris (1867)
 Sir Syed and his son visited England in 1869
 He was awarded the ‘Order of Star of India’ from Britain in 1869
 He established Mohammadan Anglo Oriental School at Aligarh (1875)
 This school was upgraded to MAO college in 1877, inaugurated by Lord
Lytton
 He founded Mohammadan Educational Conference in 1886
 He was given the title of ‘Knighthood’ in 1888
 After the death of Sir Syed, MAO college was upgraded to the level of
university in 1920
 He wrote ‘Khutbat e Ahmadia’ in response to Milliam Muir’s book ‘The life
of Muhammad’.
 Hayat e Javed is the biography of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan written by Altaf
Hussain Hali
 He died on 27 March, 1898 in Aligarh

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Quaid-e-Azam
 Quaid-e-Azam was born on December 25 1876 in Karachi (Wazir Mansion)
 His Father name for Jinnah Poonja
 His mother’s name was Mithibai Jinnah
 He was the eldest of seven children of Jinnah Punja
 In 1887, he was sent to the Sindh Madrasat -ul-Islam Karachi
 At the age of sixteen, he passed matriculation examination of the University
of Bombay from Christian Missionary Society High School in Karachi
 The 15-year-old Jinnah entered into an arranged marriage with his 14-year-old
bride, Emibai , on February 1892
 Jinnah’s mother, Mithibai, also passed away during his stay in London
 On March 30, 1895 Jinnah applied to Lincoln Inn Council for the alteration
of his name of his name from Muhammad Ali Jinnah Bai to Muhammad
Ali Jinnah Which granted him in April 1895.
 Jinnah was greatly influenced by the liberalism of William E Gladstone.
 William E. Gladstone had become the Prime Minister of UK for 4th term
in 1892.
 Jinnah was enrolled as a Barrister in Bombay’s High Court on August 24,
1896
 Jinnah first entered into politics by participating in the 1906 session of the
India National Congress held at Calcutta.
 In politics, he admired Dadabhai Naorojiand another brilliant Parsi leader
Sir Pherozeshah Mehta
 Jinnah elected as member of Imperial Legislative Council from Bombay on
January 4,1910
 Jinnah became a member of the All-India Muslim League on October 10,
1913.
 Jinnah earned the title of “ the best ambassador of the Hindu-Muslim
Unity” given by Sirajni Naedo

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 In 1915, the two organizations held their meetings in Bombay and in 1916 in
Lucknow Pact was concluded.
 Jinnah married with a Parsi girl RattenBai on Friday April 19.1918. The
daughter of Sir Dinshaw Petit, a Bombay Parsi millionaire.
 Their only Child, a daughter named Dina was born in London.
 Jinnah left the Congress Party on 1920.
 On March 28, 1929 Jinnah termed the Nehru report as a Hindu document and
presented his famous 14 points.
 The title of Quaid e Azam was given to Mohammad Ali Jinnah by Maulana
Mazharuddin Shaheed in 1938
 On the request of Jinnah the Muslim League observed Day of Deliverance on
December 22, 1939.
 On March 22-23, 1940, in Lahore, the AIML adopted a resolution to form a
separate Muslim state, Pakistan.
 Jinnah presided the Lahore Resolution of Muslim league
 Pakistan emerged as an independent state on 14th August, 1947.
 On August 11, 1947 Jinnah was elected as the President of the Constituent
assembly of Pakistan (PMS,PCS & FPSC)
 Quaid-e-Azam became first Governor General of Pakistan on August 15,
1947.
 Muhammad Ali Jinnah, inaugurated the State Bank of Pakistan on 1st July
1948
 Quaid-e-Azam died on 11 September, 1948

Allama Muhammad Iqbal

 Allama Iqbal was born at? SIALKOT

 When Allama Iqbal was born? 9th Nov, 1877.
 Who were father & mother of Allama Iqbal? Sheikh Noor Muhammad & Imam
Bibi (PPSC)
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 When Allama Iqbal went to England for Higher Education? 1905 (PPSC)
 In which Institution of England got Higher education? Trinity College
Cambridge
 From where he got the degree of PhD in 1908? MUNICH University
(Germany) (PMS)
 Which title in 1922 was given by British Government to Iqbal? “Sir” (PPSC)
 Who gave him (Allama Iqbal) title of Sir? King Georg V of Britain (Awarded
on notable work Asrar-e-khudi)
 Which university honored degree of Doctorate? Tao University (Japan)
 How many years after his death Tao University honored him the degree of
Doctorate? 20 years.
 Who presided over the annual Session of All India Muslim league in 1930?
Allama Iqbal
 When he became a member of Punjab Legislative Council? 1926
(PPSC/FPSC)
 When climax of Iqbal political carrier came? 1930
 When Allama Iqbal further elaborated the cause of Muslims? 3rd Round Table
conference
 Who said, "To me Iqbal was a friend guide and Philosopher” Quaid-e-Azam
 Who urged the Quaid-e-Azam to take up the mission of reorganization and
revitalization of Muslims of India? Sir Allama Iqbal
 When Iqbal went to Government College Lahore for education purposes? 1895
 When he passed his M.A from Punjab University? 1899
 For which subject was he appointed as a professor of the oriental college in
1899? Arabic
 Famous poem that was written by Iqbal? Sare Jahan Se Ache
 Where did he complete his law degree? England
 Iqbal did most of his work in which language? Persian
 First book of Iqbal which was published in Urdu language? Bang-e-Dara
 Last book of Iqbal which was published after his death? Argaman-e-Hijaz
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 He is also called? Shari-e-Mumliqat.

 Iqbal rejected which idea? Western idea of nationalism
 He did his Bar-at-law from? Lincoln’s Inn University
 In Government College he studied with world renowned orientalist and
philosopher? Thomas Arnold
 He left Lahore on 1st September, 1905 by? Express Train
 He returned from England in? 1908
 He stayed in London for how many years? 3 years
 He joined Government College Lahore in 1908 as a professor of? Philosophy
& English literature
 When did he joined politics? November, 1926 (from LAHORE)
 Iqbal father died in? 1929
 Iqbal mother died in? 1915
 He characterized as “the sharp agent of devil” to a political philosopher?
Machiavelli
 When Iqbal died? 21th April, 1938
 He is buried in front of which mosque? Badshahi Mosque
 Famous works of Iqbal
- Asrar-e-Khudi (1915) - Javeed Nama (1932)
- Rumuz-e-Bekhudi (1917) - Argaman-e-Hijaz (1938)
- Payam-e-Mashriq (1923) - The development of metaphysics
- Zabor-e-Ajam (1927) in Persia (1908)
- Reconstruction of Religious Thought (1930)

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Viceroys of India

 Lord Canning (1857- 1862)

 Lord Elgin (1862- 1864)
 Sir John Lawrence (1864-1869)
 Lord Mayo (1869- 1872)
 Lord NorthBrook (1872- 1876)
 Lord Lytton (1876- 1880)
 Lord Rippon ( 1880-1884)
 Lord Dufferin ( 1884- 1888 )
 Lord Landsdowne (1888- 1894)
 Lord Elgin ( 1894- 1899 )
 Lord Curzon ( 1899- 1905 )
 Lord Minto ( 1905- 1910 )
 Lord Hardinge ( 1910- 1916 )
 Lord Chelmsford ( 1961- 1921 )
 Lord Reading ( 1921- 1926 )
 Lord Irwin ( 1926- 1931 )
 Lord Willngdon ( 1931- 1936 )
 Lord Lintithgow ( 1936- 1943)
 Lord Wavell ( 1943- 1947 )
 Lord Mountbatten March 13- to August 14, 1947

British Colonial Rule (1857-1947)

 After War of Independence, in 1857 Lord Canning was made first Viceroy of
India.
 East India Company was abolished (1858)
 Indian Legislative Act (1861), First ever Constitution was formulated.
 Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband institution began functioning in 1866.

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 Hindi-Urdu controversy (1867)

 Quaid-e-Azam was born ( 25 December 1876 at Karachi)
 Allama Iqbal was born (1877).
 Anjuman-e-Himayat-I-Islam was established(1884)
 Hunza, was rejoined fell into hands of British (1891)
 Indian Council Act was promulgated (1892)
 Durand Line was demarcated (1893)
 Nadwa-tul-Ulema started in Lucknow( 1893)
 Sir Syed Ahamd Khan passed away (1898)
 Partition Of Bengal ( 16 October 1905)
 Simla Deputation met Viceroy- Minto (1906)
 All India Muslim League was formed ( 30 December 1906)
 First regular session of All India Muslim League held (1907)
 Indian Council Act ( Morley_Minto reforms) were introduced in (1909)
 Partition of Bengal was annulled (1911)
 Quaid-e-Azam joined All India Muslim League (1913)
 Kanpur Mosque Tragedy took place in (1913)
 Lucknow Pact was signed ( December 1916)
 Montage Chelmsford Reforms Act 1919
 Khilafat Movement (1919-1924)
 This movement was headed by Moulana Ali and Moulana Shoukat Ali
 Jallian wala Bagh tragedy took place in 1919
 Rawlatt Act 1919
 Simon Commission 1927
 Delhi Proposals (1927)
 Nehro Report (1928)
 Jinnah 14 Points 1929
 Allama Iqbal gave Allahabad Address (1930)
 Round Table Conferences 1930-32
 Gandhi-Irwin Pact ( March 1931)
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 Communal Award 1932

 Name of “Pakistan” was suggested by Chaudhary Rehmat Ali (1933)
 Quaid-e-Azam returned from London and reorganized Muslim League (1934)
 The Government of India Act (1935)
 Elections were held and congress made victory in formed government 7 out 11
provinces in (1937-1939)
 Allama Iqbal died in (1938)
 Day of Deliverance 22 December 1939
 Pakistan Resolution 1940

Pakistan Movement (Final Phase)

 Cripps Mission 1942
 Gandhi Jinnah Talks 1944
 Lord Wavell Plan 1945
 Shimla Conference 1945
 Elections were held (1945-1946)
 Muslim League joined Interim government and Liaqat Ali Khan was the first
Finance Minister (October 1946)
 Mountbatten was arrived India as last viceroy (March 24, 1947)
 Partition Plan British PM Clemen Attlee introduced Bill in the House of
Commons called 3rd June 1947 Plan
 Partition of Subcontinent into Pakistan and India ( August 14,1947)
 George-VI king of Britain appointed Jinnah as First Governor General of
Pakistan on 14 August, 1947

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Governor-General of Pakistan

 Formation – 14 August 1947

 Abolished – 23 march 1956
 Last Governor General – Iskander Mirza
 Total Governor General - 04
 Tenure of George VI – 14 August 1947 to 11 September 1948 (1 year, 28
days)
 First Governor General – Muhammad Ali Jinnah
 2nd Governor General – Khawaja Nizamuddin (14 Sep 1948 to 17 Oct 1951)
 3rd Governor General - Gulam Muhammad (17 Oct 1951 to 7 Aug 1955)
 4th governor general - Iskandar Mirza
 Which Governor General died in office - Quaid-e-Azam
 Only retired army officer to serve as Governor General - Iskandar Mirza
 Only bureaucrat who served as Governor General – Malik Gulam
Muhammad
 Only to serve as both PM & Governor General – Khawaja Nizamuddin
 Only to serve as both President & Governor General - Iskandar Mirza
 Oldest to become Governor General – Muhammad Ali Jinnah (70 years)
 Youngest to become governor general - Iskandar Mirza (55 years)
First Constitution Assembly - 1947

 First session – 10th Aug 1947

 First President - Quaid-e-Azam
 Approved National Flag - (11th Aug 1947)
 Assembly lasted for – 7 years (1947-1954)
 Inaugural session – Karachi (Sindhi Assembly Building)
 First deputy President – Maulvi Tamizuddin
 Original members – 69

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 10 members increased to give representation to princely states and refugees

– 79 (1 female member)
 Majority party Muslim League – 60 members
 Minority party National Congress – 11 members
 Azad group – 03 members
 First constituent assembly was suspended by – G. G. Gulam Muhammad
(24th Oct 1954)
 Who presided over the first session – J. N. Mandal
 First gazette was published on – 26 July 1947
 Members of East Bengal in 1st constituent assembly – 44
 West Pakistan members – 37
 1st meeting of constituent assembly of United India – 19 Dec 1946

Basic Principles Committee (BPC)

 Founded – 12 march 1949 by Khawaja Nizamuddin on the advice of PM

Liaqat Ali Khan
 Presided over by Maulvi Tamizuddin
 Vice President – liaqat Ali Khan
 Total members – 24
 First report presented – 28 Sep 1950
 2nd report presented – 23 Nov 1952
The Munir Report – 1954

 Report issued on – 10 April 1954

 Headed by Chief Justice of Lahore High Court, Muni
 Purpose – to look into disturbances in Punjab
 Member – Justice Kayani, Malik Rustam Kayani
 Lahore martial law – 1953

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The Bogra Formula

 Also called – Constitutional Formula

 Bogra was 3rd PM of Pakistan (1953-1955)
 Formula presented to the constitution assembly – 7 Oct 1953
 Formula proposed
 Bicameral parliament
 Total seats 300
 Provinces at that time – 05
 Seats distribution
 East Bengal – 165
 Punjab – 75
 NWFP – 13
 Sindh – 19
 Frontier States & Tribes – 11
 Bogra called National Assembly – House of People
 The proposal was discussed in assembly for – 13 days
 House of units (Senate) seats – 50
 Committee made to draft Constitution – 14 Nov 1953
 It was dissolved by Gulam Muhammad.
National Flag
 Pakistan’s national flag was designed by Ameer-ud-din Qadwai and stitched
by Master Altaf.
 Referred as: Parcham-e-Sitara-o-Hilal in National Anthem.
 The national flag of Pakistan was presented by Nawabzada Liaqat Ali khan
on 11th August 1947 in the legislative assembly Pakistan.
 First flag: Silk triangular orange flag with a double edge sword called a
Khanda (red and white alternating striped flag with the union Flag in the top
left corner)
 Flag symbolizes: Pakistan’s commitment to both Islam as well as the rights of
religious minorities.
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 The first Pakistani to hoist the Pakistan flag at the North and South Pole is
Nimra Salim.
 Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah waved the Pakistan’s Flag in the
historic ground of Islamia College Lahore.

LIAQUAT ALI KHAN

 Liaquat Ali khan was born On? October 1, 1895

 What were the Titles Of Liaquat Ali khan?
 Leaders of The Nation (Quaid-e-Millat) & Martyr of The Nation (Shaheed-
e-Millat)
 Liaquat Ali Khan was the Son of Nawab Bahadur Rustum Ali Khan
 What was his mother’s name? Mehmooda Begum
 Liaquat Ali Khan Aligarh was educated at? Allahabad, Alights and Exerter
College Oxford
 Who was the Leader of Liaquat Ali Khan? Muhammad Ali Jinnah
 Liaquat Ali Khan joined Muslim League in? April 26, 1936
 Who was the first Prime Minister of Pakistan? Liaquat Ali khan (1947-1951)
 Who was the First foreign Minister of Pakistan ? Liaquat Ali Khan
 After Jinna’s death Liaquat Ali was acclaimed as “Quid-e-Millat” (leader
of the country)
 Liaquat Ali Khan started his Parliamentary career, from UP Legislative
Assembly in 1926 as an Independent Candidate.
 Liaquat Ali khan formed his Own Party Named? Democratic Party
 Liaquat Ali khan got his Law Degree from? Inner Temple (1922)
 Jinnah got him appointed as General Secretary in 1936
 He appointed as achairman of central parliamentary Board in 1945
 Leader of the league group in The interim Government- October, 1946
 Finally prime minister of Pakistan 1947

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 Liaquat Ali Khan participated in Simla conference in 1945 as a member of

Muslim league.
 What was ‘Desai – Liaquat Pact’ ? Desar Liaquat pact was signed between
Bhula-Bhai and Liaquat Alikhan in 1945.
 Who proposed “Poor Man’s Budget” ? Liaquat Ali Khan
 When Poor Man’s budget was proposed? Feb 28, 1947
 Poor man’s Budget is also known as Last budget of British India.
 Who replaced Liaquat Ali Khan as Prime minister? Nazimuddin
 Liaquat Ali Khan was the First Minister of ministry of State and Frontier
Region.
 Objective Resolution was passed by Liaquat Ali
 He also served as First Defence minister just after the creation of Pakistan.
 When the constituent Assembly passed the Objective Resolution? 12th
March 1949
 How many members voted for objective resolution in the constituent
Assembly March 7, 1949? 75 members vote for it, 21 members rejected it
 Liaquat Ali visited USA? 1950 (3 May to 5 May)
 Who is the First laday of Pakistan? Begum Rana Liaquat Ali khan.
 First women Ambassador of Pakistan? Begum Rana liaquat
 Who is the 2nd female Governor In Pakistan after Begum Kana Liaquat Ali
Khan? Nasreen Jalil
 Begum Kana Liaquat Ali Khan was the first woman governor of the
province? Sindh
 Governor Begum Rana was the first chancellor Of Sindh University and
Karachi University
 Liaquat – Nehru Treaty was signed in Delhi on 8 April 1950.
 When Liaquat Ali was assassinated? 16th Oct, 1951 in Rawalpindi
 Who assassinated Liaquat Ali khan? Said Akbar khan was (Afghan
tribesman)

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 Who is the only Prime Minister of Pakistan died while in office? Liaquat Ali
Khan
 Liaquat Ali Khan was the First minister Of Kashmir Affairs.
 What were the achievements of Liaquat Ali Khan?
a. Establishment OF University of Sindh in Jamshoro
b. Establishment Of National Bank of Pakistan.
c. Installation of Paper Currency Mill in karachi
d. Objective Resolution
e. First five year plan
f. National Finance Commission (NFC) Award
g. First Education Policy Of Pakistan.
h. Minorities Pact (Liaquat -Nehru Pact) of April 1950
 Which Ministers took oath under Liaquat Ali Khan in the first cabinet of
pakistan?

Minintries Ministers
Commerce, Industrial & Work I I Chundarigar
Communication Sardar Abdul Rabi Nishtar
Food, Agriculture Health Raja Ghazanfar Ali
Labor & Law Jogendra Nath Mandal
Finance Malik Gulam Muhammad
Interior, Information & Fazlur Rehman
Education

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YAHYA KHAN

 On 25 March 1969 Yahya khan became the Second martial Law

Administrator of Pakistan.
 On 31 march 1969 Yahya khan pronounced himself the President of Pakistan.
 Yahya khan remained active assistant of Ayub Khan during first martial law.
 Yahya khan headed the commission that designed and developed
ISLAMABAD, (the new capital of Pakistan)
 During the 1965 War Yahya khan served as the commander of the armed forces
in Kashmir
 In 1966, he was promoted, Chief of Army Staff.
POLITICAL REIGN OF YAHYA KHAN
&
SIGNIFICANT FEATURES

a. Legal Framework Order (1970)

 Under LFO the first ever general elections were held on 7th Dec 1970
 For Peaceful transfer of power from Army to Civilian government the Legal
Framework order was announced on March 1970
 LFO called for direct elections for unicameral assembly Central legislature
b. Dissolution of One Unit (1969) November 28, 1969
c. Holding of Pakistan's first free elections on adult franchise
 "One Man One Vote" was announced by Yahya khan
 One man one vote means East Pakistan would have majority seats based on
populations
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 Rift between East and west Pakistan Was appeared during the election
Campaign

East Pakistan West Pakistan

Awami League 160 00

PPP 00 81

Others 2 57

Total (300) 162 138

MUKTI BAHINI OR LIBERATION ARMY

 Mukti Bahinai was Bengali Resistance Force

 Mukti Bahini or liberation Army "army fought against the Pakistan Army in
the Bangladesh Liberation War.
 Mukti Bahini launched Operation Changez Khan leading to west Pakistan

OPERATION SEARCH LIGHT

 Independence announced on of Bangladesh was March 26, 1971

 Army crackdown East Pakistan began restore the authority of Central
government.
 Dhakka University was Special target during army crackdown on East Pakistan.
 Including Mujeeb-ul-Rehman, many leaders of Awami League were Arrested
during operation Search light
 On Nov 21, India Attacked East Pakistan to Support Awami League.
 On 16 Dec, 1971 Pakistan Army Surrender in liberation war.
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 In Liberation war 93,000 Soldiers of Pakistan army were taken by Indian

Forces
 Liberation war for Bangladesh was over on 16 Dec 1971
 On 17th Dec 1971. Power was transferred to Z.A Bhutto.
 Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto declared as President , chief of martial law Administrator
& Chief of Army Staff
 "Six point formula” was given by Mujeeb ur Rehman on 13th Feb 1966

AFTERMATH (WAR OF 1971)

 Up to 269,000 civilians died as a result of the Conflict. (Liberation war).

 According to Some estimates 75,000 Bihari’s were left in Bangladesh in 1972
 Six-point Formula is also called The Charter of Freedom to Bengali Nation.
 Six point formula was published under the title "Six point Formula -Our
Right to Live" on March 1966
 1971 war lasted for 13 days

AYUB KHAN

1. Ayub Khan is the 2nd president & first military dictator.

2. Ayub Khan joined British Indian Army as 2nd Lieutenant on February 1928
& fought in WWII
3. Liaquat Ali Khan appointed Ayub Khan as first native commander-in-chief
in 1951.
4. Ayub Khan promulgated constitution on June 8, 1962.
5. Ayub Khan introduced the First Basic Democracies System in October 27,
1959.
6. Ayub Khan moved capital from Karachi to Islamabad.
7. Ayub Khan replaced his military government into civilian constitutional
government.

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8. Ayub Khan was nominated by a new party named as Convention Muslim

League.
9. Ayub Khan became president of Convention Muslim League on December 27,
1963.
10. The elections of 1965 were held between Ayub Khan & Fatima Jinnah.
11. Ayub Khan is said to be modernist Muslim
12. BDS stands for “Basic Democracies System”
13. BDS was a Local Government System based on American Electoral
College
14. Initially BDS was five-tier programme
15. Indus Water Treaty was signed during Ayub Khan Era on September 19,
1960.
16. Ayub Khan introduced Family Law Ordinance in 1961.
17. Tashkent Agreement was signed by Laal Bahadur Shastri & Ayub Khan
on January 10, 1966.
18. Ayub Khan set up Ullema Academy in Lahore.
19. Ayub Khan died on April 19, 1974.
20. Successor of Ayub Khan was Yahya Khan.

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Zia-ul-Haq
 Zia-ul-Haq Died on 17-08-1988 by Plane crashed in Bahawalpur
 American Ambassador Arnold Raphael with President Zia UI Haque in a
plane crash
 General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq was a Pakistani four- star general
 Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq became the CMLA of Pakistan in: 1977
 Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq took oath as President of Pakistan on 23 March 1985.
 Muhammad Zia-ul- Haq becomes 6th President of Pakistan.
 General Zia Ul Haq ruled Pakistan from 1977 to 1988
 The provincial constitution order martial law in 1977.
 When PCO was introduced by Zia ul Haq? 1981
 When General Zia UI Haq addressed in UN? 23 Oct 1985
 He remains the country's longest- serving de facto head of state and Chief of
Army Staff
 Ghulam Ishaq Khan succeeded Zia Ul Haque as President of Pakistan.
 In the Era of Zia ul Haq who was the Prime Minister of Pakistan: Muhammad
Khan Junejo
 Zia was declared president in 1984.
 The office of Wafaqi Mohtasib (Ombudsman) was established in 1983 by
the President Order I of 1983.
 Justice (R) Sardar Muhammad Iqbal was the first Wafaqi Mohtasib Aala of
Pakistan.
 Federal shariat court was established in 1980 during the government of the
President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq.
 Current Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court is Justice Iqbal Hameedur
Rahman.
 Salahuddin Ahmed as the first Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court.

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BENAZIR BHUTTO

 Born - 21 June 1953, in Karachi

 Died - 27 December 2007
 Became PM 1st time – 2 December 1988 to 6 August 1990 (11th PM)
 Became PM 2nd time – 18 October 1993 to 5 November 1996 (13 th)
 First term as leader of opposition – 1990 to 1993
 Gulam Ishaq Khan (7th) president of Pakistan dismissed her govt. 1st time.
 Caretaker PM in 1990 - Gulam Mustafa
 Farooq Lagari (8th) president of Pakistan dismissed her Govt. 2 nd time.
 Caretaker PM in 1993 – Malik Meraj Khalid
 Exiled to Britain – 1984 to 1986
 Movement for the Restoration of Democracy (MRD) was initiated by Benazir
Bhutto.
 MRD initiated in 1981, dissolved in 1988
 Benazir Bhutto married with zardari – 18 December 1987
 She became chairman of PPP – 1982
 She chaired 4th SAARC conference in Pakistan
 General elections (4th) held – 16 November 1988
 PPP won – 94 seats
 She was 35 years at the time of her tenure as PM
 Murtaza Bhutto died – 1996
 Returned to Pakistan – 18 October 2007
 Democracy is the best revenge.
 BISP (Benazir Income Support programme) was started in 2008.
 Books written by Benazir Bhutto
- The Gathering Storm
- Daughter of destiny
- Daughter of the East
- Foreign Policy in Perspective

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- Reconciliation: Islam, Democracy & the West

Pervaiz Musharraf

 He was born in Delhi (August 11, 1943)

 He was graduated from Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul (1964)
 He was appointed chief of army staff in October 1998
 Musharraf became 10th president of Pakistan in 2001 until 2008.
 He declared Coup in October 12, 1999 (declared a state of emergency)
 In June 2001, Musharraf became the president of Pakistan.
 The Legal Framework Order was issued by Musharraf in August 2002
 In 2006, Musharraf’s autobiography titled In the Line of Fire was published.
 In March 2007, Musharraf suspended chief justice Iftikhar Muhammad
Chaudhry.
 Musharraf imposed a state of emergency on November 3, 2007.
 Resigned from his position of army chief November 2007
 Musharraf lifted the emergency on December 15, 2007.
 In 2010, Musharraf launched his political party — All Pakistan Muslim League
(APML).
 He flew to Dubai on March 17, 2016
 On December 17, 2019, a special court handed Musharraf death sentence in the
high treason case (Article 6)
 He was died on 5 February 2023
 He died in Dubai, UAE at the age of 79 years
 He was died of amyloidosis

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Pakistan’s Geography
 Total Area of Pakistan (881,913 km2 )
 Indo-Pak border (3,323 km Including LOC)
 Line of Control (861Km)
 Working Boundary (193 km)
 Afghan-Pak border (2611 km)
 China-Pak border (599 km)
 Iran-Pak border (909 Km)
 Coastline Arabian Sea (1058 km)
 Durand line was demarcated in 1893 by Mortimer Durand
 Ceasefire line b/w India and Pakistan was signed on July 1949
 Tashkent Agreement was signed January 10, 1966
 LOC (Line of Control) 1972 ( Shimla Agreement 1972)
 Pakistan is the fifth most populous country of the world
 1956 Constitution, 23rd March 1956, 234 Articles & 13 parts
 1962 Constitution, 8th June 1962, 250 Articles & 12 parts
 1973 Constitution, 14th August 1973, 280 Articles & 12 parts

Constitution of Pakistan
 First Constitution of Pakistan-23March 1956 (234 Articles)
 Second Constitution of Pakistan-08 June 1962 (250 Articles)
 Third Constitution of Pakistan-14 August 1973 (280 Art)
 Total Amendments 26
 18th Amendment –April 8, 2010 (Mini Constitution)
 NFC award –President will Chair as per (Article 160(1) )
 CCI -1973 Ministry of Inter Provincial Coordination

Constitutional Amendments
 1st Amendment in Constitution –Redefined the boundaries
 2nd Amendment in Constitution –Qadianies were declared as non-Muslims
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 3rd Amendment in Constitution –Executive Powers

 4th Amendment in Constitution –Additional seats for minorities
 5th Amendment in Constitution –Civil Autocracy
 6th Amendment in Constitution –Impositions on Judiciary
 7th amendment –Enable PM to obtain Vote of Confidence
 8th amendment –Parliamentary to semi-presidential system in 1985
 9th amendment –Injunction of Islam shall be the supreme law and source of
guidance
 10th amendment –Working days of National Assembly and Senate curtailed
(160 -130)
 11th amendment –It seeks to restore 20 women seats in National Assembly
 12th amendment – Establishments of special courts
 13th amendment –Stripped the Presidential powers
 14th amendment –If parliamentary member defects, then he may lose seat
 15th amendment –Holy Quran and Sunnah are supreme law
 16th amendment –Extend Quota system for another 20 years
 17th amendment –Presidential powers to dismiss Assemblies
 18th amendment – It abolished the concurrent lists and powers of President to
dissolve assemblies. [announced: April 19, 2010]
 19th amendment – It deals with the appointments of Superior Court Judges,
addition of Senior Judges in the Commission of Pakistan and inclusion of
Islamabad High Court. [announced: January 1,2011]
 20th amendment– It empowers Election Commission of Pakistan and
formation of care-taker government. [announced: February 28,2012]
 21th amendment– It amends (5) schedule and seeks increase in pension of
widows of Judges of Supreme Court and High court from 50%-75% even the
widows of retired Civil Servants.
 22nd amendment – it allows dual nationality for parliamentarians and having
dual nationality to contest general elections.
 23rd amendment – Minorities seats in National assembly increased to 14.
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 24th amendment – Creation of new province in South Panjab

 25th amendment – Country's territory is defined and FATA is mentioned as a
territory separate from the other four provinces.
 26th amendment – Increasing the National Assembly seats to 12 and of
provincial assembly to 24 of the erstwhile Federally Administered Tribal
Areas

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