Venturi Meter

JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND
TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL, MANUFACTURING AND
MATERIALS ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING AND MARITIME
OPERATIONS
BSc. MARINE ENGINEERING
EMR 2228: FLUID MECHANICS I
TITLE: MEASUREMENT OF DISCHARGE USING VENTRIMETER
AMINA AHMED ENM241-0087/2022
DATE PREPARED: 30TH MARCH 2024

INTRODUCTION
The Venturi meter is a device used to measure the flow rate of fluid in a closed pipe system. It is
based on the principle of the Bernoulli equation, which states that the pressure of a fluid decreases
as its velocity increases, and vice versa. The Venturi meter consists of a converging section, throat
section, and a diverging section. The converging section narrows the pipe, increasing the fluid's
velocity and decreasing its pressure. The throat section is the narrowest part of the pipe, where the
fluid's velocity is at its highest, and the pressure is at its lowest. The diverging section widens the
pipe, decreasing the fluid's velocity and increasing its pressure. The difference in pressure between
the converging and diverging sections is used to calculate the flow rate of the fluid.
OBJECTIVES
▪ Measuring the actual discharge of a liquid flow in a pipe using venturi meter, pressure difference
and determination of discharge coefficient Cd.
THEORY
A venturi meter is a measuring or also considered as a meter device that is usually used to measure
the flow of a fluid in the pipe. A Venturi meter may also be used to increase the velocity of any type
fluid in a pipe at any particular point. It basically works on the principle of Bernoulli's Theorem. The
pressure in a fluid moving through a small cross section drops suddenly leading to an increase in
velocity of the flow. The fluid of the characteristics of high pressure and low velocity gets converted
to the low pressure and high velocity at a particular point and again reaches to high pressure and
low velocity. The point where the characteristics become low pressure and high velocity is the place
where the venturi flow meter is used. The Venturi meter is constructed as shown in figure below. It
has a constriction within itself. The pressure difference between the upstream and the downstream
flow, Δh, can be found as a function of the flow rate. Applying Bernoulli’s equation to points 1 and 2
of the Venturi meter and relating the pressure difference to the flow rate yields.
Assume incompressible flow and no frictional losses, from Bernoulli’s Equation

APPARATUS
 Venturi meter
 Water supply
 Manometer (U-tube)
 Stopwatch
 Thermometer
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1. The water supply is connected to the venturi meter, and the flow rate is adjusted to a steady
state.
2. The manometer is connected to the venturi meter. The pressure difference between the
inlet and throat is measured by the manometer.
3. The stopwatch is started, and the time is recorded.
4. The volume of water collected in a container for a specific time interval is measured.
5. The experiment is repeated for different flow rates, and the corresponding pressure
differences and volumes are recorded.
6. The temperature of the water is also recorded.
TABULATED RESULTS
Run Manometric reading Weight of water collected (kg) Time Temp

h1 h2 H = h1 - h2 Initial Final Actual (s) (K)
1 495 485 10 23.9 28.6 4.7 50.26 295
2 471 461 10 29.9 37.9 8.0 43.34 295
3 374 324 50 37.9 53.7 15.8 36.27 295
4 330 263 67 53.7 69.2 15.5 30.27 296
5 282 172 110 69.2 85.9 16.7 23.41 295
6 283 130 153 85.9 96.9 11.0 18.33 296
7 284 105 179 96.9 105.8 8.9 14.33 295
8 183 133 50 105.8 112.2 6.4 10.25 295
9 176 126 50 112.2 115.1 2.9 6.46 295
10 175 125 50 115.1 116.2 1.1 2.35 295
SAMPLE CALCULATION
a) For Run 1
Volume mass 4.7
Qact = but volume = = = 4.7x10-3m3
Time density 1000
4.7 x 10−3 m3
= = 9.3514x10-5m3/s
50.26
a1 a 2
Qthe = √ 2 gH
√ a 12−a 22
d1=35mm ∴ a 1=9.621 x 10-4m2
2
πd1
a1=
4
d2=23mm ∴ a 2=4.155 x 10-4m2
2
πd2
a2=
4
For run 1:
 H = 001m
 g = 9.81m2/s
∴ Q the=2.0417 x 10-4m3/s
Cd= = −4 = 0.4580
−5
Q act 9.35414 ×10
Q the 2.0417 ×10
0.00009351 0.00020417 0.4580

Run Qact Qthe Cd
1
4
2 0.000185 0.000204 0.9046
3 0.000436 0.000456 0.954729
4 0.000512 0.000528 0.969477
5 0.000713 0.000677 1.054082
6 0.0006 0.000798 0.751865
7 0.000621 0.000863 0.719404
8 0.000624 0.000456 1.368443
9 0.000449 0.000456 0.983866
10 0.000468 0.000456 1.025877
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

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JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL, MANUFACTURING AND

DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING AND MARITIME

BSc. MARINE ENGINEERING

EMR 2228: FLUID MECHANICS I

TITLE: MEASUREMENT OF DISCHARGE USING VENTRIMETER

AMINA AHMED ENM241-0087/2022

DATE PREPARED: 30TH MARCH 2024

Assume incompressible flow and no frictional losses, from Bernoulli’s Equation

Run Manometric reading Weight of water collected (kg) Time Temp

0.00009351 0.00020417 0.4580

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