1. What is the primary purpose of a network?

- A) Entertainment

- B) Facilitating communication and data transfer

- C) Multiplayer gaming

- D) Sharing media only

Answer: B

2. Which of the following has seven layers?

- A) OSI Model

- B) TCP/IP Model

- C) IP

- D) HTTP

Answer: A

3. Which layer is responsible for data encryption in the OSI model?

- A) Physical Layer

- B) Data Link Layer

- C) Presentation Layer

- D) Network Layer

Answer: C

4. What does TCP stand for?

- A) Transmission Control Protocol

- B) Transfer Communication Protocol

- D) Transmission Communication Port

Answer: A

5. Which layer ensures data is transmitted without errors?

- A) Network Layer

- B) Data Link Layer

- C) Physical Layer

- D) Transport Layer

Answer: D

6. What protocol translates domain names into IP addresses?

- A) HTTP

- B) TCP

- C) DNS

- D) FTP

Answer: C

7. Which layer of the OSI model deals with routing packets?

- A) Data Link Layer

- B) Physical Layer

- C) Network Layer

- D) Application Layer

Answer: C
8. Which IP address class is reserved for multicast?

- A) Class A

- B) Class B

- C) Class C

- D) Class D

Answer: D

9. What is the default port for HTTP traffic?

- A) 443

- B) 80

- C) 22

- D) 25

Answer: B

10. Which layer is the first in the OSI model?

- A) Physical Layer

- B) Application Layer

- C) Transport Layer

- D) Network Layer

Answer: A

11. Which protocol provides connectionless, unreliable data transmission?

- A) TCP
 - B) HTTP

- C) UDP

- D) FTP

Answer: C

12. MAC addresses are part of which OSI layer?

- A) Network Layer

- B) Data Link Layer

- C) Transport Layer

- D) Application Layer

Answer: B

13. What does DNS stand for?

- A) Domain Name System

- B) Direct Network Service

- C) Digital Naming System

- D) Data Network Structure

Answer: A

14. Which layer is responsible for packet switching?

- A) Application Layer

- B) Transport Layer

- C) Network Layer

- D) Data Link Layer

15. Which protocol is widely used for secure web browsing?

- A) HTTP

- B) HTTPS

- C) FTP

- D) SMTP

Answer: B

16. IPv4 addresses are represented in:

- A) Binary

- B) Hexadecimal

- C) Dotted decimal

- D) Octal

Answer: C

17. Which layer of the OSI model establishes connections?

- A) Physical Layer

- B) Session Layer

- C) Transport Layer

- D) Network Layer

Answer: B

18. What type of address is used at the data link layer?

- B) Port Number

- C) MAC Address

- D) URL

Answer: C

19. What does IP stand for?

- A) Internet Protocol

- B) Internal Protocol

- C) Internet Process

- D) Internet Path

Answer: A

20. Which layer directly provides services to the end user?

- A) Application Layer

- B) Transport Layer

- C) Network Layer

- D) Data Link Layer

Answer: A

21. UDP is often used for:

- A) Video streaming

- B) File transfers

- C) Web browsing
 - D) Email transmission

Answer: A

22. How many bits are in an IPv6 address?

- A) 32

- B) 64

- C) 128

- D) 256

Answer: C

23. Which OSI layer handles error checking?

- A) Physical Layer

- B) Data Link Layer

- C) Network Layer

- D) Transport Layer

Answer: B

24. What protocol does DNS primarily use for queries?

- A) TCP

- B) UDP

- C) FTP

- D) HTTP

Answer: B
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### Section 2: OSI and TCP/IP Models

25. How many layers are in the TCP/IP model?

- A) 5

- B) 7

- C) 4

- D) 6

Answer: C

26. What layer of the TCP/IP model corresponds to the OSI's application layer?

- A) Network Layer

- B) Internet Layer

- C) Application Layer

- D) Physical Layer

Answer: C

27. The data link layer is responsible for:

- A) IP addressing

- B) Physical transmission

- C) MAC addressing

- D) Transport control

Answer: C
28. Which layer in OSI is responsible for data formatting and encryption?

- A) Presentation Layer

- B) Application Layer

- C) Transport Layer

- D) Network Layer

Answer: A

29. Which protocol provides reliable data transmission?

- A) UDP

- B) IP

- C) TCP

- D) FTP

Answer: C

30. The network layer is primarily responsible for:

- A) Data encapsulation

- B) Data routing

- C) Error detection

- D) Signal transmission

Answer: B

31. The session layer handles:

- A) Data synchronization
 - B) Data routing

- C) MAC addresses

- D) Packet switching

Answer: A

32. The OSI model was created by:

- A) IEEE

- B) IETF

- C) ISO

- D) W3C

Answer: C

33. HTTP operates at which layer in the OSI model?

- A) Application Layer

- B) Transport Layer

- C) Network Layer

- D) Data Link Layer

Answer: A

34. What kind of data does the physical layer work with?

- A) Signals

- B) Frames

- C) Packets

- D) Segments
 Answer: A

35. The OSI model’s data link layer prepares data for:

- A) Physical transmission

- B) Application processing

- C) Packet routing

- D) File sharing

Answer: A

36. IP operates in which OSI layer?

- A) Transport Layer

- B) Network Layer

- C) Application Layer

- D) Data Link Layer

Answer: B

37. FTP is typically used for:

- A) File transfers

- B) Web browsing

- C) Email

- D) Database access

Answer: A

38. The application layer is the __ layer in the OSI model.

- B) Last

- C) Third

- D) Fifth

Answer: B

39. The OSI model’s network layer handles:

- A) Data routing

- B) File transfers

- C) Application logic

- D) Error detection

Answer: A

40. A switch operates at which OSI layer?

- A) Data Link Layer

- B) Network Layer

- C) Physical Layer

- D) Transport Layer

Answer: A

41. The presentation layer is part of which model?

- A) TCP/IP

- B) OSI

- C) HTTP

- D) DNS

Answer: B
42. The OSI model’s session layer is responsible for:

- A) Maintaining sessions

- B) Data framing

- C) Signal conversion

- D) Routing

Answer: A

43. Which layer does error detection and correction in OSI?

- A) Data Link Layer

- B) Transport Layer

- C) Physical Layer

- D) Network Layer

Answer: A

44. The OSI physical layer deals with:

- A) Hardware and cables

- B) Packet routing

- C) Application management

- D) Encryption

Answer: A