Fundamentals of Agronomy review

Course No.
AGRO 101
Title : FUNDAMENTALS OF AGRONOMY
Credit Hours : 3 (2+1)
Theory Lecture Outlines
1 Agronomy- Definition, meaning and scope - Art, science and business of crop
production – Agronomy in relation with other disciplines of Agricultural Sciences.
2 Agro-climatic zones of India and Andhra Pradesh.
3 Crops – Classification of crops - Field crops- Cereals, Millets, Pulses, Oil seeds,
Commercial crops
- Scientific names - Economic importance.
4 Tillage and tilth - Objectives of tillage- Characteristics of ideal seed bed- Effect of
tillage on soil properties
5 Types of tillage, advantages and disadvantages-Factors affecting tillage and seed bed
preparation – Puddling - After cultivation.
6 Modern concepts of tillage - Minimum tillage, zero tillage, strip tillage, conservation
tillage and their advantages and limitations.
7 Seeds and sowing – Variety- Characteristics of good quality seed, Seed treatment -
Agronomic significance of seed purity and quality
8 Methods of sowing– Broadcasting, drilling, dibbling and transplanting
9 Crop stand establishment - Factors affecting crop stand establishment
10 Growth and development of crops – Definition - Meaning and factors affecting growth
and development
11 Crop density and geometry- Planting geometry- Optimum plant density and planting
pattern. Plant population – Competition - Types of competition - Inter and intra plant
competition. Effect of plant population on growth and yield.
12 Cropping pattern, Cropping system- Crop rotation - Principles of crop rotation – Mono
cropping and its disadvantages - Types of cropping systems - Mixed cropping,
intercropping, multiple cropping, relay and multi storied cropping.
13 Cropping systems- Factors affecting cropping systems - major cropping patterns and
systems in India and Andhra Pradesh.
14 Soil fertility and soil productivity - Soil organic matter and its importance - Loss of
soil fertility and its maintenance.
15 Crop Nutrition - Definition of essential nutrients - Criteria of essentiality, functional
elements - Classification of essential nutrients - Role of macro and micro nutrients.
16 Manures and fertilizers - Source of nutrients - Organic manures and biofertilizers, their
classification and characteristics - Role of organic manures in crop production.
17 Inorganic fertilizers – classification - Methods of fertilizer application - Integrated

nutrient management (INM)- Components and advantages of INM - Nutrient use
efficiency.
18 Green manures - Role in crop production – Definition, objectives of green manuring -

Desirable characteristics of green manure crops, advantages and limitations of green
manures.
19 Dry farming, dryland farming and rainfed farming - Problems of crop production in
dry areas - Length of crop growing period
20 Soil and moisture conservation - Water harvesting techniques (in-situ and exsitu) -
Watershed - definition – Objectives.
21 Irrigation- Importance and objectives of irrigation - Water resources of the World,

India and Andhra Pradesh
22 Soil moisture constants- FC, PWP and hygroscopic coefficient- Kinds of

watergravitational water, capillary water and hygroscopic water - Crop water requirement
– Moisture sensitive stages.
23 Methods of Irrigation – Surface methods - Micro irrigation – Drip and sprinkler

methods - Advantages and limitations.
24 Weed- Definition – Importance - Harmful and beneficial effects of

weedsClassification of weeds.
25 Crop weed competition – Critical period for crop weed competition – Allelopathy-
meaning and its importance in weed management.
26 Weed management principles - Prevention, control and eradication
27 Weed Management - physical, mechanical, cultural, biological and chemical methods -

Integrated weed management (IWM).
28 Herbicides – Definition - Classification of herbicides based on selectivity, time and

method of application- Advantages and limitations of herbicides.
29 Sustainable crop production – Definition – Importance - Principles and practices -

Natural resources and conservation.
30 Harvesting and threshing of crops - Maturity symptoms of major crops (Rice, Maize,
Redgram, Blackgram, Bengalgram, Groundnut, Sunflower, Sesame and Sugarcane)
31 Methods of harvesting - threshing and winnowing, drying and post harvest storage of
grains -Harvest index and BC ratio.
32 Weather- Climate- Differences between weather and climate - Different weather

parameters -Weather forecasting- Types of Weather forecasting
Practical
1 Visit to College farm and study of major crops and varieties
2 Identification of crops, seeds and fertilizers
3 Study of Primary tillage implements
4 Study of Secondary tillage implements
5 Study of seeding equipment and inter cultivation implements
6 Practice of ploughing and puddling
7 Seed germination and viability test
8 Calculation of Plant Population and Seed rate
9 Calculation of fertilizer requirement
10 Study of yield attributes in different crops
11 Estimation of yield in different crops
12 Practice on method of application of manures and fertilizers
13 Study of micro irrigation methods
14 Identification of maturity symptoms of different crops
15 Identification of weeds in field crops and other habitats
16 Herbicide label information, computation of herbicide doses and precautionary

measures while using herbicides

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Course No.

Title : FUNDAMENTALS OF AGRONOMY

Credit Hours : 3 (2+1)

Theory Lecture Outlines

2 Agro-climatic zones of India and Andhra Pradesh.

8 Methods of sowing– Broadcasting, drilling, dibbling and transplanting

9 Crop stand establishment - Factors affecting crop stand establishment

17 Inorganic fertilizers – classification - Methods of fertilizer application - Integrated

18 Green manures - Role in crop production – Definition, objectives of green manuring -

21 Irrigation- Importance and objectives of irrigation - Water resources of the World,

22 Soil moisture constants- FC, PWP and hygroscopic coefficient- Kinds of

23 Methods of Irrigation – Surface methods - Micro irrigation – Drip and sprinkler

24 Weed- Definition – Importance - Harmful and beneficial effects of

26 Weed management principles - Prevention, control and eradication

27 Weed Management - physical, mechanical, cultural, biological and chemical methods -

28 Herbicides – Definition - Classification of herbicides based on selectivity, time and

29 Sustainable crop production – Definition – Importance - Principles and practices -

32 Weather- Climate- Differences between weather and climate - Different weather

1 Visit to College farm and study of major crops and varieties

2 Identification of crops, seeds and fertilizers

3 Study of Primary tillage implements

4 Study of Secondary tillage implements

5 Study of seeding equipment and inter cultivation implements

6 Practice of ploughing and puddling

7 Seed germination and viability test

8 Calculation of Plant Population and Seed rate

9 Calculation of fertilizer requirement

10 Study of yield attributes in different crops

11 Estimation of yield in different crops

12 Practice on method of application of manures and fertilizers

13 Study of micro irrigation methods

14 Identification of maturity symptoms of different crops

15 Identification of weeds in field crops and other habitats

16 Herbicide label information, computation of herbicide doses and precautionary

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