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Chapter3-Lecture 1

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16 views12 pages

Chapter3-Lecture 1

Uploaded by

nourshref2000
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CHAPTER 3

PARTIAL DERIVATIVES
h.alhalabi@bau.edu.lb

Lecture1-Chapter 3
Partial Derivatives
(Derivative of Multi-Variable
Function)
Partial Derivatives

• Function of one variable y=f(x)

𝑑𝑦
𝑦= 𝑥2 +2 → = 𝑦 ′ = 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥

• Function of 2 variables Z=f(x,y) where x and y are both independent


variables, so we can differentiate Z with respect to each of them, and
we expect different results.

𝑍(𝑥,𝑦) = 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + ln 𝑥𝑦

2
First Order Partial Derivatives

𝜕𝑍
 is read as “first partial derivative of Z with respect to x”, and
𝜕𝑥
means differentiate w.r.t x holding y constant and also written as Zx

𝜕𝑍
 is read as “first partial derivative of Z with respect to y”, and
𝜕𝑦
means differentiate w.r.t y holding x constant and also written as Zy

 symbol for partial derivative (del-operator)

3
Second order Partial Derivative

𝜕2 𝑍
 2 means the second derivative of Z w.r.t x holding y constant.(Zxx)
𝜕𝑥

𝜕2 𝑍
 2 means the second derivative of Z w.r.t y holding x constant (Zyy)
𝜕𝑦

𝜕2 𝑍 𝜕 𝜕𝑍
 = ( )= means differentiate first w.r.t y and then w.r.t x. (Zxy)
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕2 𝑍 𝜕 𝜕𝑍
 = ( ) means differentiate first w.r.t x and then w.r.t y. (Zyx)
𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

4
Example 1

𝒁 𝒙,𝒚 =𝒙+𝒚

𝜕𝑍 𝜕𝑍
= 𝑍𝑥 = 1 + 0 = 1 = 𝑍𝑦 = 0 + 1 = 1
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕2 𝑍 𝜕2 𝑍
= 𝑍𝑥𝑥 = 0 = 𝑍𝑦𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2

5
Example 2

𝒁 𝒙,𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚 𝟐

𝜕𝑍 𝜕𝑍
= 2𝑥 + 0 = 2𝑥 = 0 + 2𝑦 = 2𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕2𝑍 𝜕2𝑍
2 =2 2 =2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

6
Example 3

𝒁 𝒙,𝒚 = 𝒙𝒚

𝜕𝑍 𝜕𝑍
= 𝑍𝑥 = 𝑦 1 = 𝑦 = 𝑍𝑦 = 𝑥 1 = 𝑥
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕2𝑍 𝜕2𝑍
= 𝑍𝑥𝑥 = 0 = 𝑍𝑦𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2

7
Example 4
𝒙
𝒁 𝒙,𝒚 =
𝒚

𝜕𝑍 1 𝑦 − 0(𝑥) 1 𝜕𝑍 0 𝑦 − 1(𝑥) −𝑥
= 2
= = 2
= 2
𝜕𝑥 𝑦 𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝑦 𝑦

𝜕2𝑍 𝜕 2 𝑍 0 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦(−𝑥) +2𝑥


2 =0 2 = 4 = 3
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑦 𝑦

8
Example 5

𝒁 𝒙,𝒚 = 𝒆𝒙𝒚

𝜕𝑍
= 𝑦𝑒 𝑥𝑦
𝜕𝑥

𝜕2𝑍 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑦 2 𝑒 𝑥𝑦
= 𝑦 𝑦𝑒
𝜕𝑥 2

𝜕𝑍
= 𝑥𝑒 𝑥𝑦
𝜕𝑦

𝜕2𝑍 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑥𝑦
2 = 𝑥 𝑥𝑒 = 𝑥 𝑒
𝜕𝑦
9
Example 6
Given that: 𝑾 𝒙,𝒚 = 𝒆𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒚
Prove that 𝑾𝒙𝒙 + 𝑾𝒚𝒚 = 𝟎

𝜕𝑊
= 𝑊𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦
𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝑊
= 𝑊𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 (−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦)
𝜕𝑦
2 2𝑊
𝜕 𝑊 𝜕
2
= 𝑊𝑥𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 ; 2
= 𝑒 𝑥 (−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

Therefore 𝑊𝑥𝑥 + 𝑊𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 = 0

10
Example 7
Given that: 𝒁 𝒙,𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚 + 𝟒
Find 𝒁𝒙 , 𝒁𝒙𝒙 , 𝒁𝒚 , 𝒁𝒚𝒚 , 𝒁𝒙𝒚 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒁𝒚𝒙

𝑍𝑥 = 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2

𝑍𝑥𝑥 = 6

𝑍𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1

𝑍𝑦𝑦 = 2

𝑍𝑥𝑦 = 2 (differentiate first with respect to y then x)

𝑍𝑦𝑥 = 2 (differentiate first with respect to x then y)


11
Example 8
Given that: 𝑾 𝒙,𝒚 = 𝒙. 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒚 + 𝒚𝒆𝒙
Find 𝑾𝒙 , 𝑾𝒙𝒙 , 𝑾𝒚 , 𝑾𝒚𝒚 , 𝑾𝒙𝒚 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑾𝒚𝒙

𝑊𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑦𝑒 𝑥

𝑊𝑥𝑥 = 0 + 𝑦(𝑒 𝑥 ) = 𝑦𝑒 𝑥

𝑊𝑦 = 𝑥(−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦) + (1)𝑒 𝑥

𝑊𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 0 = 𝑥 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦

𝑊𝑥𝑦 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑥

𝑊𝑦𝑥 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑥

12

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