1.

A large vessel develops a sudden sheer when it stops moving through the
water, having been steaming through a shallow water channel for several
miles. The sheer may be strong and unexpected and is due to what reason?
A. The large volume of water dragged behind the vessel
continues to move forward and cause a strong turning
moment on the stern of the vessel
B. The hydrodynamic interaction effects from
the banks of the shallow water channel acts
on the stern causing the vessel to sheer strongly
C. The vessel stopping shifts the pivot point forward and creates a
turning moment and results in the ship swinging towards the bank.
D. I don’t know

2. A large vessel is coming alongside a pier with two tugs assisting and there
is little wind or current affecting the vessel. What would be considered the
best use of the tugs and at which position?
A. Pushing on the ship's side and
made fast in case the vessel's
movement towards the berth
requires reducing by the tug
pulling off.
B. Made fast Forward and Aft
using the centre leads.
C. Pushing on ship's side, but not made
fast to allow the tug to move to another position if needed
D. I don’t know

3. A large vessel is proceeding slowly up a narrow channel, using its own engines
and assisted by the use of one tug. Where should the tug be connected to
assist the ship in maintaining its course in the centre of the channel?
A. Made fast on a line through the centre lead
astern. B. Made fast on a line through the
centre lead ahea
C. Standing-by - Ready for use anywhere, as require
D. I don’t know
4. A ship experiences an interaction effect known as "Squat" when moving in
shallow water. The amount of Squat is affected by the speed of the vessel
through the water. If the speed through the water is HALVED what will be
the change in the affect of "Squat"
A. The squat effect will be reduced to a
quarter of its original value
B. The squat effect will also be halve
C. There will be a significant change in the
reduction of underkeel clearance, but
the amount varies from ship to ship
D. I don’t know

5. A ship has turned a complete circle (360 degrees) in deep water at full
ahead throughout the turn. The same ship, in the same conditions, is now to
make a complete turn (360 degrees) at half ahead throughout the turn. Would
there be any difference in the size (diameter) of the turning circle?
A. No, the diameter of the
turning circle would be almost
the same.
B. Yes, it would be a much
smaller turning circle at half
ahead
C. Yes, it will be much larger
turning circle at half ahea
D. I don’t know.

6. A tug is connected by a line to the bow of a ship. Will the bollard pull
exerted by the tug be the same at any speed?
A. No, when the ship's speed exceeds
about 5 knots it will be expected that
there will be a reduced pull exerted by
the tug
 B. No, when the speed of the
ship is increasing, the bollard pull
exerted by the tug will also be
increasing
C. Yes, the bollard pull would normally be expected to be the same
at any speed of the ship
D. I don’t know

7. A vessel berths at two different jetties under the influence of a 1 knot beam
current.
At the first jetty the ship has an underkeel clearance of 5 times the draught
and at the second the underkeel clearance is only 0.5 times the draught. If the
current exerted a force of 50 tonnes on the ship at the first jetty, what would
be the approximate force exerted at the second if the draught is the same?
A. 150 tonnes
B. Unchanged, remains at 50 tonnes
C. 25 tonnes
D. I don’t know

8. In shallow water a ship will experience "Squat". What are the principle
reasons creating the effects of squat?
A. There is an increase in the water
velocity and a decrease of water
pressure around the ship's hull
B. There is a decrease in the water
velocity and an increased of
water pressure around the ship's
hull
C. There is an increased effect of gravity due to closeness of the sea-bed
D. I don’t know
9. In the situation illustrated, a ship is proceeding in the centre of the
channel and approaching a bend in a river. What helm would probably be
required to safely round the bend and what other effects could be expected in
this situation?
 A. The heading should be
carefully monitored, some port
rudder may be required to start the
swing, though starboard rudder
may be required to balance any
bank rejection.
B. The wheel should be put hard
over to port to keep the ship in the
middle of the channel and the
heading carefully monitore
C. A small amount of port helm would be required to get round the
corner and the engines should be slowed down to give more time
to the manoeuvre. The heading should be continually monitored
D. I don’t know

10. In the situation illustrated, what should be the distribution of the

power requirements from the tugs, if the ship is to be moved sideways
without changing the heading? Both tugs have similar bollard pull
and are of conventional propulsion.
A. Much greater power on the
forward tug than on the after
tug while monitoring the
gyro heading
B. Much greater power on the
aft tug than on the forward
tug while monitoring the
gyro heading.
C. Equal power required by both
tugs, but monitor the gyro
heading to ensure sideward
movement only
D. I don’t know
11. In the situation illustrated, what should be the power distribution of the
tugs to maintain the ship sideways motion with only minor changes in the
ship's heading?
A. Considerably more power on the aft tug than the forward tug,
while monitoring the ship's gyro heading
B. Considerably more power on the forward tug than the after tug,
while monitoring the ship's gyro heading
C. Equal power on both tugs while monitoring the ship's gyro heading
D. I don’t know

12. It has been established by experience that the most successful method of
double banking two vessels, when no tugs are available, is one of the
following methods. Select which answer is considered the most successful
metho
A. When both vessels are
underway, fig. 1
B. When the larger vessel is at
anchor, fig. 2
C. When the smaller vessel
is at anchor, fig. 3
D. I don’t know

13. The bridge is informed by an eye-witness that a man has just fallen overboar
Which of the following manoeuvres is the most appropriate action when the
person is still close to the vessel?
A.
Williamson
Turn
B. Scharnow
Turn
C. Direct
Turn
D. I don’t know
14. The effective stability of a tug, when assisting a vessel to manoeuvre,
can be decreased by hydrodynamic interaction with the ship it is assisting.
Where is the most dangerous position of the tug relative to the ship, for this
adverse affect to be found?
A. The most dangerous position is where
the tug approaches the bow rounding
the forward shoulder of the larger
vessel.
B. The most dangerous position is when
the tug is alongside the amidships
section of the larger vessel.
C. The most dangerous position is where the tug approaches the stern
of the larger vessel and enters into its associated positive pressure fiel
D. I don’t know

15. The effectiveness of a rudder is dependant on the flow of water past the
rudder. If the rudder is put hard over when the ship is at full ahead in deep
water, and then the engines are stopped, how much lift force remains?
A.
About 20
% B.
About 50
% C.
About 80
% D. I
don’t
know

16. The rudder is hard over when steaming at full ahead in shallow water. How much
"lift force" remains when the engine is stopped?
A.
About 10
%
 B.
About 50
%
C. About
80 %
D. I don’t know

17. The ship is approaching shallow water where the Under Keel Clearance will
reduce to about 0.25 of the ship's draught. Which of the following answers
most accurately summarizes the aspects to be considered when deciding a
suitable speed?
A. All of the suggested answers
B. A further reduction of
underkeel clearance and
possible changes of the
ship's trim
C. A reduced ability to stop the
vessel and maintain steerage
D. I don’t know
18. The ship is berthed in a steady offshore beam wind of 30 knots which
suddenly increases to 60 knots. What will be the change of force exerted on
the ship driving it off the jetty?
A. The force will be Quadrupled
B. The force will be Tripled
C. The force will be Doubled
D. I don’t know

19. The ship is in a sharp starboard turn and the Doppler log shows a sideways
motion to port at both forward and aft positions. Where would the "pivot
point" be considered to be located?
A. At a position outside the hull
of the ship itself
B. At a position aft of amidships
 C. At a position on the
centreline, about 1/6 of the
ship's length aft of the bow.
D. I don’t know
20. What is understood by the term "Balanced Rudder"?
A. A rudder with part of the
rudder area forward of the
turning axis, therefore
reducing the load on the
steering motor.
B. A rudder with equal rudder
area forward and aft of the
turning axis, the
turning axis being
at the geometrical centre
of the rudder area
C. A rudder which is operated by two steering motors providing equal
amounts of thrust to the rudder
D. I don’t know

21. What will have a major effect on the performance of a tug when used to
assist in the manoeuvring of a large vessel?
A. The position of the tug relative to the
ship's pivot point
B. The experience of the tug crew.
C. The use of the tug's wire instead of
the ship's towing spring
D. I don’t know

22. What would be the correct understanding of the term "a ship is
directionally unstable"?
 A. The ship requires continual application
of the rudder to maintain a steady course.
B. When the rudder is kept amidships, the
ship will continue on a straight course
C. The ship will only require small amounts of helm
to maintain its course when steaming in a heavy seaway
D. I don’t know

239
23. When a conventional rudder is put hard over it creates a lift force and a drag force.
When the ship has started to turn, how much lift force do you think
remains if the rudder-angle is decreased to 20 degrees from hard over
position (35 degrees)?
A. About
80 % B.
About 10
%. C.
About 30
% D. I
don’t
know

24. When a vessel is moving in shallow water it will experience an effect

known as "Squat". Which of the following statements most accurately
specify the results of squat on the vessel?
A. There will be a reduction of the
vessel's underkeel clearance and a
possible change of trim.
B. There will be an increase in the
vessels draught while moving through
the water
C. There will be a change of draught
and a reduction in the spee
D. I don’t know
25. When a vessel is to experience a long tow across an ocean, what would be
the best system of connecting the tow?
A. Wire from a deep sea tug
connected to the ship's anchor
chain.
B. Wire from a deep sea tug
through the forward centre lead
of the ship and made fast onto
several mooring bits on the
forecastle
C. Wire from a deep sea tug made fast through a shoulder lead on the
vessel's leeward side
D. I don’t know

26. When connecting a tugboat, what speed do you think is best for your
vessel to maintain during this operation?
A. The speed should be less than 5 knots, normally 3 - 5 knots

B. It is best to stop the vessel completely before connecting

C. A tug may be connected at any convenient speed
D. I don’t know

27. Where is the normal position of the "Pivot Point" of a vessel when going astern?
A. Between 1/4 of the ship's length
from the stern and the rudder post
B. 1/3 of the vessel's length from the bow
C. Amidships
D. I don’t know

28. Where is the normal position of the "Pivot Point" of the vessel when going ahead?
A. 1/3 of the vessel's length from
the bow. B. 1/4 of vessel's length
from the stern
 C. Amidships
D. I don’t know

29. Which of the alternative methods of using a tug when escorting a ship
through narrow waters would be considered the most effective in the event of
loosing steering power?
A. The tug made fast on a line
through the centre lead astern.
(figure 4).
B. Tug running free alongside,
ready to be made fast (figure 2)
C. Tug made fast forward on either
shoulder, ready to push (figure 3)
D. I don’t know

30. Why does a ship move laterally (sideward drift) when turning.

A. Because the pivot point is not at the centre of the ship

B. Because the turning moment is created by the rudder, which is positioned at the stern of the vessel
C. The ship moves laterally because it always tries to continue in a straight line.
D. I don’t know