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•
Contents
1. National Affairs ...............................................................................................................1
• 2. International Affairs........................................................................................................7
• 3. Economy...........................................................................................................................11
• 4. Science and Technology................................................................................................14
• 5. Sports News.....................................................................................................................17
• 6. Defence News..................................................................................................................20
• 7. Awards and Honour........................................................................................................24
• 8. Appointments & Resignations.....................................................................................28
• 9. Index and Reports..........................................................................................................32
• 10. Obituaries........................................................................................................................34
• 11. Summit and Conferences..............................................................................................36
• 12. Books and Authors.........................................................................................................41
• 13. Important Days...............................................................................................................42
• 14. Important Government Schemes................................................................................45
• 15. Persons and Places in News.........................................................................................46
Chapter

1 National Affairs

BSNL successfully deployed over 50,000 • The plan offers free health screenings and treatments
indigenous 4G sites for over 100,000 women and children from
economically disadvantaged communities.
• On 31st October 2024, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
(BSNL) successfully deployed over 50,000 indigenous Union Minister Pralhad Joshi launched FCI
4G sites across India, significantly advancing the
country’s digital connectivity goals.
Grievance Redressal System app for rice
• This initiative was executed in collaboration with millers
Indian tech giants like Tata Consultancy Services
(TCS), Tejas Networks, Centre for Development of
Telematics (C-DOT), and ITI Ltd.

Center launched CRS Mobile App for Births

and Deaths
• On 30th October 2024, Union Home Minister Amit
Shah launched the Civil Registration System (CRS)
mobile app to simplify birth and death registrations
in India.
• Developed by the Registrar General and Census
Commissioner of India, the app allows citizens to • On 28th October 2024, Union Minister of Consumer
register vital events anytime, anywhere, and in their Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution, Pralhad Joshi,
state’s official language. launched the FCI Grievance Redressal System (FCI
GRS) mobile application for rice millers in New Delhi.
PM Modi to launch healthcare projects • This app, aligned with the Digital India initiative,
worth `12,850 crore aims to enhance transparency and accountability by
• On 29th October 2024, Prime Minister Narendra providing a user-friendly platform for rice millers
Modi launched healthcare projects worth `12,850 to lodge grievances, track their status, and receive
crore at the All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA) in responses.
New Delhi. The event coincided with Dhanvantari
Jayanti and the 9th Ayurveda Day. Union Minister launched the 21st Livestock
• Key initiatives include the expansion of Ayushman Census Operation
Bharat to cover all senior citizens aged 70 and above, • On 25th October 2024, Union Minister of Fisheries,
the inauguration of Phase II of AIIA, new medical Animal Husbandry, and Dairying, Rajiv Ranjan Singh,
colleges, and the enhancement of AIIMS facilities launched the 21st Livestock Census Operation in
across multiple states. New Delhi.
• This census, conducted every five years since 1919,
Nita Ambani launched new Health Seva involves a comprehensive door-to-door survey
Plan for women and children capturing data on 15 livestock species and poultry
• On 28th October 2024, Nita Ambani, Founder and birds.
Chairperson of Reliance Foundation, launched a • The census will run until February 2025 and aims to
new Health Seva Plan to commemorate the 10th enhance policy formulation and implementation in
anniversary of Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital. the animal husbandry sector.
Indian government launched a localized BEE introduced new carbon credit trading
weather forecast service rules
• On 24th October 2024, the Indian government • On 17th October 2024, the Bureau of Energy Efficiency
launched a localized weather forecast service for (BEE) introduced new carbon credit trading rules in
gram panchayats. India.
• Developed in collaboration with the India • These guidelines aim to enhance the Indian Carbon
Meteorological Department (IMD), this initiative aims Market (ICM) by establishing clear protocols for
to enhance rural disaster preparedness by providing trading carbon credits.
daily five-day forecasts and hourly updates. • The rules focus on transparency, standardization,
and market integrity, ensuring that carbon credits
Launch of Spoofed Calls Prevention System effectively contribute to emission reduction
in India goals.
• On 24th October 2024, the Indian government
India to establish Centre of Excellence for
launched the International Incoming Spoofed Calls
Prevention System.
Ayurvedic Research in Kerala
• Union Minister of Communications, Jyotiraditya • On 16th October 2024, India announced the
Scindia, announced the initiative to combat the rising establishment of a Centre of Excellence for
number of international spoofed calls displaying Ayurvedic Research at the CSIR-National Institute for
Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST) in
Indian numbers.
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
• The system, developed in collaboration with the
• This center aims to scientifically validate Ayurvedic
Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and
products to meet international standards, promoting
Telecom Service Providers (TSPs), successfully
global acceptance.
blocked 1.35 crore (13.5 million) spoofed calls within
the first 24 hours. CCPA issues guidelines prohibiting
India’s first Writer’s Village (Lekhak Gaon) misleading environmental claims
• On 15th October 2024, the Central Consumer
• On 25th October 2024, India’s first Writer’s Village
Protection Authority (CCPA) issued new guidelines
(Lekhak Gaon) was inaugurated in Thano village,
to combat greenwashing in India.
near Dehradun.
• These guidelines prohibit the use of vague terms
• The initiative, envisioned by former Chief Minister
like “natural” and “organic” without clear, verifiable
Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank, aims to provide a serene
evidence.
environment for writers to create and collaborate.
• Companies must provide reliable scientific proof
• The village features cottages, a library, a yoga center,
or third-party certification for their environmental
and an art gallery, and it hosted the Sparsh Himalaya claims.
Mahotsav-2024 festival.
Union Ministry launches iGOT Lab for
Meta launches ‘Scam Se Bacho’ Safety
Ministry Employees
campaign in India
• On 16th October 2024, the Union Ministry of
• On 18th October 2024, Meta launched the ‘Scam Information and Broadcasting launched the iGOT
Se Bacho’ safety campaign in India in collaboration Lab (Integrated Government Online Training Lab)
with the Ministry of Electronics and Information to enhance the skills of its employees through online
Technology. learning.
• This two-month initiative aims to combat online • Directed by Dr. L. Murugan, this initiative follows a
scams and cyber frauds through a national consumer review of the Ministry’s annual Capacity Building
awareness campaign in nine Indian languages, Calendar. The lab offers 16 courses, including Budget
informative talk shows on Doordarshan, and training Management, Gender Sensitization, Leadership, and
sessions for law enforcement officers. Team Building.

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India unveils National Electricity Plan for MHA declares Hizb-ut-Tahrir Terrorist
500 GW Renewable Goal Organization in India
• On 15th October 2024, India unveiled its National • On 10th October 2024, the Ministry of Home
Electricity Plan, targeting 500 GW of renewable Affairs (MHA) declared Hizb-ut-Tahrir (HuT) a
energy by 2030 and over 600 GW by 2032. terrorist organization under the Unlawful Activities
• The plan, developed by the Central Electricity (Prevention) Act (UAPA).
Authority (CEA), includes expanding the transmission • The decision was based on HuT’s involvement in
network, integrating 47 GW of battery storage, and radicalizing youth, promoting terrorism, and raising
31 GW of pumped storage. funds for terror activities.

First-ever coal gallery inaugurated at EAM Dr. S. Jaishankar launches e-Migrate

National Science Centre, New Delhi portal
• On 17th October 2024, the first-ever coal gallery titled
“Black Diamond: Unveiling the Depths” was inaugurated
at the National Science Centre in New Delhi.
• Union Culture and Tourism Minister Gajendra Singh
Shekhawat and Minister of State for Coal and Mines
Satish Chandra Dubey unveiled the exhibition, which
provides an immersive experience about coal’s history,
extraction processes, and its role in modern energy.

PM Narendra Modi launched Karmayogi

Saptah
• On 19th October 2024, Prime Minister Narendra
Modi launched the Karmayogi Saptah – National • On 14 October 2024, External Affairs Minister Dr.
Learning Week at Dr. Ambedkar International Centre S. Jaishankar, along with Union Minister Mansukh
in New Delhi. Mandaviya, launched the revamped e-Migrate portal
and its mobile app in New Delhi.
• This initiative aims to enhance the skills and
competencies of civil servants through various • The e-Migrate V2.0 portal aims to facilitate safe and
learning modules and workshops. legal overseas travel for Indian workers, enhancing
transparency and efficiency in the migration process.
• The program is part of Mission Karmayogi, which
• This initiative aligns with the government’s
was launched in September 2020 to create a future-
commitment to improving ease of living and
ready civil service.
safeguarding the welfare of Indian citizens working
abroad.
Jyotiraditya M. Scindia inaugurated the
International 6G Symposium PM Narendra Modi visits PM Gati Shakti
• On 17th October 2024, Union Minister Jyotiraditya M. Anubhuti Kendra
Scindia inaugurated the International 6G Symposium
at the sidelines of ITU-WTSA24 and IMC 24 in New
Delhi.
• The event, organized by the Bharat 6G Alliance,
aimed to highlight India’s growing role in global 6G
development.
• Scindia emphasized 6G’s transformative potential
for economic growth and technological innovation,
noting that India aims to contribute 10% of global 6G
patents.

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• On 13 October 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi commitment to “Maa Bharati” and its vision for a
made a surprise visit to the PM Gati Shakti Anubhuti developed India.
Kendra at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi.
• This visit marked the third anniversary of the PM WHO announced that India has eliminated
Gati Shakti initiative. trachoma by 2024
• During his visit, PM Modi highlighted the significant • On 8th October 2024, the World Health Organization
progress made in infrastructure development under (WHO) declared India as having eliminated trachoma
this initiative, emphasizing its role in accelerating as a public health problem.
project completion and overcoming challenges • This milestone makes India the third country in
through advanced technology. the South-East Asia region to achieve this status,
following Nepal and Myanmar.
Union Minister Kiren Rijiju announces • Trachoma, a bacterial infection causing blindness,
nationwide “Constitution Glorification was once a significant health issue in India, especially
Campaign” among disadvantaged communities.
• On 14th October 2024, Union Minister for
Parliamentary and Minority Affairs Kiren Rijiju GoI launches Humsafar Policy to provide
announced the nationwide “Constitution Glorification world-class amenities on NH
Campaign” to commemorate the 75th anniversary of • On 8th October 2024, Union Minister Nitin Gadkari
the Indian Constitution on 26th November. launched the Humsafar Policy to provide world-class
• This campaign aims to promote awareness and amenities along India’s National Highways.
appreciation for the Constitution across every • The policy aims to offer clean toilets, baby care rooms,
village in India. Additionally, the government plans wheelchair provisions, EV charging stations, parking
to construct Constitution buildings in every district. spaces, and dormitory services at fuel stations.
• This initiative is designed to ensure a safe, convenient,
CCPA directed Ola to implement a and enjoyable travel experience for highway users
mechanism allowing consumers while promoting local entrepreneurship and job
• On 13 October 2024, the Central Consumer Protection creation.
Authority (CCPA) directed Ola to implement a
mechanism allowing consumers to choose their PM Modi inaugurates Indian Institute of
preferred refund method—either directly to their Skills (IIS) Mumbai
bank account or via coupon. • On 10th October 2024, Prime Minister Narendra
• This decision aims to enhance transparency and Modi inaugurated the Indian Institute of Skills (IIS)
consumer rights during the grievance redressal process. in Mumbai.
• Additionally, Ola must now provide receipts for all • Established through a Public-Private Partnership
auto rides booked through its platform. (PPP) between the Ministry of Skill Development and
Entrepreneurship and Tata IIS, the institute aims to
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh celebrates create an industry-ready workforce for Industry 4.0.
100th anniversary • It offers advanced training in fields like factory
• On 12th October 2024, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak automation, digital manufacturing, mechatronics, AI,
Sangh (RSS) celebrates its 100th anniversary on the data analytics, and additive manufacturing.
day of Vijayadashami, which marks the completion
of a century since its founding in 1925 by Keshav Union Cabinet approved the National
Baliram Hedgewar. Maritime Heritage Complex at Lothal
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated the • On 9th October 2024, the Union Cabinet, chaired
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, highlighting its by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the
dedication to national service and its role in shaping development of the National Maritime Heritage
India’s socio-political landscape. Complex (NMHC) at Lothal, Gujarat.
• RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat delivered a special • The project, to be completed in two phases, will
address, emphasising the organisation’s continued create over 22,000 jobs and feature a 77-meter

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 lighthouse museum, making it one of the largest post-harvest processes to achieve self-reliance in
maritime heritage complexes in the world. edible oils and reduce imports.

Postmaster General Yadav marks the start Classical language status granted to
of National Postal Week Marathi, Bengali, Pali, Prakrit, and
• On 7th October 2024, Postmaster General Krishna Assamese
Kumar Yadav inaugurated the National Postal Week • On 3 October 2024, the Union Cabinet, chaired by
in Ahmedabad. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved granting
• The event, held on Mails and Parcel Day, emphasized Classical Language Status to Marathi, Bengali, Pali,
the continued importance of postal services in the Prakrit, and Assamese.
digital age. • These languages join Tamil, Sanskrit, Telugu,
• Various activities and events were planned Kannada, Malayalam, and Odia in this prestigious
throughout the week to promote postal services and category.
their role in socio-economic development. • The latest additions were approved after
recommendations by the Linguistic Experts
PM of India Inaugurated Mumbai Metro Committee (LEC) under Sahitya Akademi in 2024.
Line 3 in Maharashtra
• On 5 October 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi India names Delhi road ‘Jamaica Marg’
inaugurated Mumbai’s first underground Metro Line • On 1 October 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi
3, also known as the Aqua Line. announced the renaming of the road in front of the
• This 33.5 km line connects Colaba, Bandra, and Jamaican High Commission in New Delhi to “Jamaica
SEEPZ, with the first phase covering a 12.69 km Marg”.
stretch from Aarey to BKC. • This move aims to strengthen diplomatic ties between
• The project aims to improve connectivity and India and Jamaica, highlighting the strong cultural
reduce traffic congestion in Mumbai, featuring 10 and historical connections between the two nations.
operational stations and 96 daily trips.
PM Modi shared a Garba song titled “Aavati
Union MoS Satish Dubey inaugurates 51 Kalaya Madi Vaaya Kalaya”
Solar Plants
• On 4 October 2024, Union Minister of State for Coal
and Mines, Satish Chandra Dubey, inaugurated 51
rooftop solar power plants of Bharat Coking Coal
Limited (BCCL) from Ranchi.
• These plants, with a cumulative capacity of 2.428 MW,
mark a significant step towards sustainable energy.
• Additionally, on 6 October 2024, he felicitated
the winners of a Hackathon on Coal Gasification
organized by CMPDI, Ranchi, encouraging innovation
in coal gasification technology. • On 7 October 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi
shared a Garba song titled “Aavati Kalaya Madi Vaaya
Union Cabinet endorsed NMEO-Oilseeds Kalaya” that he penned as a tribute to Goddess Durga.
• On 3 October 2024, the Union Cabinet, chaired by • The song was shared during the auspicious time of
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, endorsed the National Navratri, celebrating the spirit of devotion and joy.
Mission on Edible Oils - Oilseeds (NMEO-Oilseeds).
• This initiative aims to boost domestic oilseed NITI Aayog launches 1st State Chapter of
production to 69.7 million tonnes by 2030-31, with Women Entrepreneurship Platform
a budget of `10,103 crore. • On 1 October 2024, NITI Aayog launched its first state
• The mission focuses on promoting high-yield seed chapter of the Women Entrepreneurship Platform
varieties, expanding cultivation, and improving (WEP) in Telangana.

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• The initiative, in collaboration with WE Hub and the Chaudhary, virtually inaugurated six Sant Gadge
Telangana government, aims to promote and support Baba Swachh Bharat Prabodhini Centres.
women entrepreneurs by providing resources, tools, • These centres, located in Goregaon, Pune, Nashik,
and a network to enhance their business growth. Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Amravati, and Nagpur,
aim to encourage and train youth in building a clean
PM Modi launched sanitation and and healthy India.
cleanliness projects worth `9,600 Cr • The initiative emphasizes skill-based training aligned
• On 2 October 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi with local requirements, promoting the values of Dr.
launched sanitation and cleanliness projects worth Babasaheb Ambedkar and Sant Gadge Baba.
over `9,600 crore to commemorate 10 years of the
Swachh Bharat Mission. PM Modi launched the Pradhan Mantri
• The projects include enhancements to urban water Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyan in
and sewage systems under AMRUT and AMRUT Hazaribagh
2.0, improvements in water quality and waste • On 2 October 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi
management in Ganga basin areas under the National launched the Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Unnat Gram
Mission for Clean Ganga, and 15 compressed biogas Abhiyan in Hazaribagh, Jharkhand.
(CBG) plant projects under the GOBARdhan scheme.
• This initiative, with a financial outlay of `79,156
crore, aims to uplift tribal-dominated villages and
Union Minister Jayant Chaudhary
economically empower the tribal population.
inaugurates 6 Sant Gadge Baba Swachh
• The program will cover around 63,000 villages,
Bharat Prabodhini Centres benefiting over 5 crore tribal people across 549
• On 4 October 2024, Union Minister of State for districts and 2,740 blocks in 30 states and union
Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Jayant territories.

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Chapter

2 International Affairs

Nepal earned `4.75 billion from carbon

trading
• On 30th October 2024, Nepal earned `4.75 billion
(US$35.27 million) from carbon trading, as
announced by the Alternative Energy Promotion
Centre (AEPC).
• The income was generated through eight carbon
trading projects since 2011, which collectively
reduced 6 million tonnes of carbon emissions.
• Nepal aims to further promote renewable energy and
• Goyal also participated in the 8th Future Investment
achieve 28,500 megawatts of electricity by 2035.
Initiative (FII), highlighting opportunities in AI,
World’s first green energy island faces cost renewable energy, and digital infrastructure.
surge UN recognizes Antimicrobial Resistance as
• On 29th October 2024, the world’s first green energy Global Health
island, named after Princess Elisabeth of Belgium,
• On 26th October 2024, the United Nations General
faced a significant cost surge.
Assembly adopted a Political Declaration recognizing
• Initially budgeted at 2.2 billion euros, the project’s antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as one of the most
costs have now tripled to over 7 billion euros due to urgent global health threats.
supply chain issues.
• The declaration calls for immediate action to
Nepal to offer free cancer treatment for safeguard the ability to treat diseases, enhance
food security, and advance the 2030 Agenda for
Children Sustainable Development.
• On 28th October 2024, the Ministry of Health and • The UN emphasized a One Health approach,
Population in Nepal announced that children under integrating human, animal, and environmental
the age of 14 will receive free cancer treatment at health to combat AMR effectively.
designated public hospitals.
• This initiative, effective from November 16, 2024, US, Japan, and South Korea launched
aims to alleviate the financial burden on families and Digital Infrastructure Growth Initiative
ensure timely medical intervention.
• On 26th October 2024, the United States, Japan, and
Union Minister visited Saudi Arabia to South Korea launched the Digital Infrastructure
Growth Initiative for India (DiGi Framework).
strengthen the India-Saudi partnership
• This initiative, signed by the U.S. International
• On 30th October 2024, Union Minister of Commerce Development Finance Corporation (DFC), Japan
and Industry Piyush Goyal visited Saudi Arabia to Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), and Korea
strengthen the India-Saudi partnership. Eximbank, aims to enhance digital infrastructure in
• He co-chaired the 2nd Ministerial Meeting of the India.
Economy and Investment Committee under the • The framework focuses on 5G, Open RAN, submarine
India-Saudi Strategic Partnership Council with cables, optical fiber networks, telecom towers, data
Saudi Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman centers, smart cities, e-commerce, AI, and quantum
Al-Saud. technology.
Brazil rejects China’s Belt and Road FTC finalized the “click-to-cancel” rule
Initiative • On 16th October 2024, the FTC finalized the “click-to-
• On 29th October 2024, Brazil announced it would not cancel” rule, simplifying subscription cancellations.
join China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). • This rule mandates that sellers make it as easy to
• President Lula da Silva’s administration, advised cancel a subscription as it was to sign up.
by Celso Amorim, decided to seek alternative • It applies to most negative option programs, requiring
collaborations with China instead. clear disclosures and obtaining consumers’ informed
• Brazil aims to align its infrastructure projects with consent before charging.
BRI investment funds without officially joining, citing
concerns about immediate benefits and potential Pakistan limits Chief Justice’s term to 3
complications with U.S. relations. years
• On 21st October 2024, Pakistan enacted the
Rome declaration addresses Water Scarcity Constitution (26th Amendment) Act, 2024, which
in Agriculture limits the Chief Justice’s term to three years.
• The amendment, passed by both Houses of
Parliament, also establishes a special commission to
appoint the top judge from three senior-most judges
of the Supreme Court.

Subianto announces Indonesia’s largest-

ever cabinet

• On 17th October 2024, member countries of the Food

and Agriculture Organization (FAO) adopted the
Rome Declaration on Water Scarcity in Agriculture.
• This declaration aims to address the increasing water
scarcity exacerbated by climate change, particularly • On 21st October 2024, newly inaugurated President
in the agriculture sector. Prabowo Subianto announced Indonesia’s largest-
• It emphasizes the need for integrated water resource ever Cabinet, comprising 109 members.
management, enhanced political support, and • Named the “Red and White Cabinet” after the national
innovative solutions to ensure sustainable agrifood flag, this extensive lineup includes ministers, vice
systems. ministers, and heads of national agencies.
• Subianto’s Cabinet aims to create a strong
Egypt achieves historic Malaria-Free government, uniting diverse political interests. The
Certification Cabinet features politicians from a coalition of seven
• On 20th October 2024, the World Health Organization parties and figures from former President Joko
(WHO) certified Egypt as malaria-free. Widodo’s team.
• This achievement follows nearly a century of efforts
by the Egyptian government and people to eradicate India doubles grant to promote education
the disease, which has plagued the country since in Sri Lanka’s plantation sector
ancient times. • On 18th October 2024, India doubled its grant
• Egypt is now the third country in the WHO Eastern to `172.25 million to support education in Sri
Mediterranean Region to receive this certification, Lanka’s plantation areas for the Indian-origin Tamil
following the UAE and Morocco. community.

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• The project will upgrade infrastructure in • Competing within the Asia-Pacific group, Saudi
nine plantation schools across Central, Uva, Arabia lost to Thailand, Cyprus, Qatar, South Korea,
Sabaragamuwa, and Southern Provinces. and the Marshall Islands.
• This initiative is part of India’s ongoing development
partnership in Sri Lanka’s education sector. Southern Africa culls elephants amid
severe drought crisis
IIT Madras set to launch International • On 8th October 2024, Southern African nations,
Research Centre in Dubai by 2025 including Zimbabwe and Namibia, began culling
• On 19th October 2024, the Indian Institute of elephants and other wildlife to address severe food
Technology, Madras (IIT Madras) announced shortages caused by the worst drought in over a
the launch of its first international research and century.
innovation centre in Dubai, scheduled for early 2025. • The culling aims to provide meat for starving
• Named the IITM Global Dubai Centre, it will focus on communities and reduce wildlife populations to
artificial intelligence (AI), data science, robotics, and sustainable levels.
sustainable energy.
India launches ‘Study in India’ campaign at
India provides haemodialysis machines to UAE Education Show
PNG
• On 18th October 2024, India dispatched the first
consignment of 12 haemodialysis machines with
portable Reverse Osmosis (RO) units to Papua New
Guinea, fulfilling a pledge made at the Forum for
India-Pacific Islands Cooperation (FIPIC III) Summit.
• Additionally, on the same day, India sent the first
tranche of 11 tons of medical supplies to Lebanon,
as part of a total 33-ton humanitarian aid package
to support Lebanon amid ongoing conflict and
healthcare challenges.

FBI exposes Cryptocurrency Manipulation

with Ethereum Token
• On 9th October 2024, India officially launched the
• On 10th October 2024, the FBI exposed “Study in India” campaign at the 20th International
cryptocurrency manipulation through an Ethereum- Education Show in Sharjah, UAE.
based token called NexFundAI.
• The campaign highlights over 590 Indian institutions
• As part of Operation Token Mirrors, the FBI created this offering diverse courses and benefits like fee waivers
token to lure fraudsters into revealing illegal activities and scholarships.
like pump-and-dump schemes and wash trading.
• This initiative positions India as a leading global
• The sting operation led to the arrest of 18 individuals education hub, providing quality education at
and companies involved in market manipulation, affordable prices.
highlighting the FBI’s innovative approach to tackling
financial crimes in the digital asset space. First Lady of the Maldives visited FSSAI
Saudi Arabia denied seat on UN Human headquarters
• On 7 October 2024, the First Lady of the Maldives,
Rights Council
Sajidha Mohamed, visited the Food Safety and
• On 10th October 2024, Saudi Arabia was denied a Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) headquarters
seat on the United Nations Human Rights Council. in New Delhi.
• The decision followed a campaign by rights groups • She praised India’s food safety initiatives, highlighting
highlighting serious human rights violations by the the importance of collaboration to enhance food
kingdom. safety standards in the Maldives.

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• The visit included discussions on food safety • The theme for this year’s festival is “Wetlands for
regulations and a demonstration of the Food Safety Life”, focusing on raising awareness and promoting
on Wheels initiative, a mobile food testing laboratory. the conservation of wetlands ecosystems.
• The event features film screenings, seminars,
Nepal, India, and Bangladesh signed discussions, and an exhibition of artworks, aiming
agreement to export 40 megawatts of to foster meaningful dialogue on environmental
electricity conservation.
• On 3 October 2024, Nepal, India, and Bangladesh
signed a trilateral agreement to export 40 megawatts
Sri Lanka secured $200 million from the
of electricity from Nepal to Bangladesh via India’s World Bank’s IDA
power grid. • On 7 October 2024, Sri Lanka secured $200 million
• This historic deal allows Nepal to sell electricity to a from the World Bank’s International Development
third country for the first time. Association (IDA) for the second phase of the
• The electricity will be transmitted through the 400 KV Resilience, Stability, and Economic Turnaround
Dhalkebar-Muzaffarpur cross-border transmission (RESET) Development Policy Financing (DPF)
line. program.
• The funding aims to support economic reforms,
International Film Festival on Environment enhance growth, and protect vulnerable populations.
& Wildlife ‘Vatavaran’ inaugurated • The agreement was signed by Sri Lanka’s Finance
Secretary KM Mahinda Siriwardana and World Bank
• On 3 October 2024, the 12th CMS Vatavaran
Country Director David N. Sislen.
International Film Festival and Forum on
Environment and Wildlife was inaugurated at Indira
Paryavaran Bhawan in New Delhi.

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Chapter

3 Economy

Jio Financial Services launched SmartGold • The centre will also feature four A320neo Full Flight
• On 29th October 2024, Jio Financial Services Simulators (FFS) and aims to train 800 pilots and 200
launched SmartGold, a digital gold investment technicians annually.
platform accessible through the JioFinance app.
Nvidia overtook Apple to become the most
• SmartGold allows customers to invest in 24-karat
gold starting from as low as `10. valuable company
• Users can buy, sell, or redeem their digital gold • In October 2024, Nvidia overtook Apple to become
holdings for cash or physical gold coins and jewelry. the world’s most valuable company. Nvidia’s market
The underlying gold is stored in insured vaults, value briefly reached $3.53 trillion, surpassing
ensuring safety and security. Apple’s $3.52 trillion.
• Nvidia’s stock has seen significant gains throughout
SBI named the Best Bank in India for 2024 2024, reflecting the growing importance of AI
• On 27th October 2024, the State Bank of India (SBI) technology in various industries.
was named the Best Bank in India for 2024 by Global
Finance Magazine. Solex Energy partners with SBI for Solar
• The award was presented at the 31st Annual Best Project Financing
Bank Awards held in Washington, DC, during the IMF • On 26th October 2024, Solex Energy partnered with
and World Bank Annual Meetings. the State Bank of India (SBI) to provide financing for
• SBI Chairman CS Setty received the award in solar projects.
recognition of the bank’s unwavering commitment • Under the Surya Shakti Solar Finance Scheme, SBI
to providing exceptional services and promoting will offer loans up to `10 crore for commercial,
financial inclusion nationwide. industrial, and institutional customers.

EIB funds `2,800 Cr for Bengaluru GAIL (India) and VERBIO India signed
Suburban Railway a MoU to develop Compressed Biogas
• On 25th October 2024, the European Investment projects
Bank (EIB) Global announced a €300 million
• On 26th October 2024, GAIL (India) Limited and
(approximately `2,800 crore) loan to develop a new
VERBIO India Private Limited signed a Memorandum
suburban railway network in Bengaluru.
of Understanding (MoU) to develop agricultural
• This project aims to enhance urban mobility by residue-based Compressed Biogas (CBG) projects.
constructing four dedicated rail corridors, covering
• The collaboration aims to promote sustainable
a total length of 149 km with 58 stations.
energy solutions and enhance the utilization of
Airbus launches State-of-the-Art agricultural waste.
Headquarters and Training Centre in Delhi • The MoU outlines plans to identify suitable locations
for greenfield CBG plants and conduct feasibility
• On 24th October 2024, Airbus inaugurated its new studies.
India and South Asia Headquarters and Training
Centre in New Delhi. Paytm receives NPCI Nod to onboard new
• The state-of-the-art facility, located at Indira Gandhi
UPI users
International Airport, will house all three of Airbus’s
business units: Commercial Aircraft, Helicopters, and • On 22nd October 2024, Paytm received approval
Defence & Space. from the National Payments Corporation of India
 (NPCI) to onboard new Unified Payments Interface • Andhra Pradesh received `395.50 crore in untied
(UPI) users, following a nine-month ban imposed by grants and `593.26 crore in tied grants. Rajasthan
the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). received `507.11 crore in untied grants and `760.67
• This decision allows Paytm to resume adding new crore in tied grants.
users under NPCI’s guidelines, aiming to increase
its UPI transaction volumes and improve its market BoB introduces special ‘bob Utsav Deposit
position. Scheme’ for the Festive Season
• On 14th October 2024, the Bank of Baroda (BoB)
Adar Poonawalla acquires 50% stake in introduced the BOB Utsav Deposit Scheme for the
Karan Johar’s Dharma Productions festive season.
• On 21st October 2024, Adar Poonawalla, CEO of • This special scheme offers a 400-day term deposit
the Serum Institute of India, acquired a 50% stake with an interest rate of 7.30% for general citizens,
in Karan Johar’s Dharma Productions through his 7.80% for senior citizens, and 7.90% for super senior
company, Serene Productions. citizens.
• The deal, valued at `1,000 crore, allows Johar to • The scheme aims to provide higher returns during
retain the remaining 50% ownership and continue the festive period and is applicable on fixed deposits
as Executive Chairman. below `3 crore.

Hindustan Aeronautics becomes 14th FCI launched ANNA DARPAN to

Maharatna CPSE revolutionize supply chain
• On 12th October 2024, Hindustan Aeronautics • On 3 October 2024, the Food Corporation of India (FCI)
Limited (HAL) was elevated to Maharatna CPSE launched ANNA DARPAN, a digital transformation
status, becoming the 14th such enterprise in India. initiative aimed at revolutionizing its supply chain
• This upgrade enhances HAL’s operational and management system.
financial autonomy, allowing it to make significant • This new micro services-based integrated system is
investments without government approval. designed to enhance operational efficiency, improve
• HAL was established in 1940. It is a key player user experience, and facilitate data-driven decision-
in India’s defense sector, manufacturing aircraft, making across various levels, including Mandis, Mills,
helicopters, and aerospace components. and Depots.
• The project is part of the Department of Food
India becomes 3rd largest supplier of and Public Distribution’s 100 Days Achievements
health & nutrition support to UNICEF program.
• On 11 October 2024, India was recognized as the
third-largest supplier of health and nutrition support
India extends $400 million support &
to UNICEF. `3,000 crore currency swap to Maldives
• From 2016 to 2023, Indian businesses provided
nearly $6 billion worth of goods and services,
including vaccines, pharmaceuticals, and nutrition
supplies.
• UNICEF, established in 1946, continues to partner
with India to enhance child health, education, and
protection.

Union Government releases XV Finance

Commission Grants for Rural Local Bodies
• On 12th October 2024, the Centre released the first
installment of the Fifteenth Finance Commission • On 7 October 2024, India extended $400 million in
grants for 2024-25 to Rural Local Bodies (RLBs) in support and a `3,000 crore currency swap to the
Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan. Maldives.

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• This move aims to help the island nation boost its Union Cabinet approves `63,246 Crore
dwindling foreign exchange reserves. Chennai Metro Phase-II Project
• The agreements were signed during Maldivian • On 3 October 2024, the Union Cabinet, chaired
President Mohamed Muizzu’s visit to India, by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the
strengthening bilateral ties and promoting financial Chennai Metro Rail Project Phase-II with a financial
stability in the Maldives. outlay of `63,246 crore.
CBDT formed an internal committee to • This phase includes three corridors spanning 118.9
km with 128 stations, aiming to enhance Chennai’s
comprehensively review transit network to a total of 173 km.
• On 7 October 2024, the Central Board of Direct
Taxes (CBDT) formed an internal committee to SEBI announces new framework to curb
comprehensively review the Income-tax Act, 1961. excessive speculation in stock market
• This initiative, announced in the Union Budget 2024- • On 1 October 2024, the Securities and Exchange
25 by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, aims Board of India (SEBI) announced a new framework
to simplify the Act, reduce litigation, and improve to curb excessive speculation in the stock market.
taxpayer experience.
• The measures, effective from November 20, 2024,
• The committee invites public suggestions on include increasing the contract size from `5 lakh
simplifying language, reducing compliance, and to `15 lakh, raising margin requirements, and
removing obsolete provisions through the official mandating upfront collection of option premiums.
e-filing portal.
India’s Manufacturing sector witnesses
Govt extends tenure of RBI Deputy
7.4% employment growth in fiscal 2022-23
Governor for 1 year
• India’s total estimated employment in manufacturing
• On 7 October 2024, the Indian government extended industries showed a robust growth of 7.4 percent in
the tenure of RBI Deputy Governor M. Rajeshwar Rao the fiscal 2022-23 over the previous year.
for one year, starting from 9 October 2024.
• According to the latest data by the Ministry of
• Rao, who was first appointed in October 2020 for Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI),
a three-year term, has been reappointed multiple the employment rose to 1.84 crore in 2022-23 from
times, reflecting his significant contributions to the 1.72 crore in 2021-22 highest-ever increase in the
Reserve Bank of India. sector in more than a decade.
• This extension ensures continuity in the RBI’s key • The top five states employing highest number of
departments, including regulation, risk monitoring, persons in this sector were Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra,
communication, enforcement, and legal affairs. Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka.

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Chapter

4 Science and Technology

China launched its 4th manned mission for • The discovery offers new insights into planetary
space station formation and evolution, especially in the rare
“Neptunian desert” region where such planets are
seldom found.

NTPC’s NETRA developed an indigenous

catalyst
• On 30th October 2024, NTPC’s NETRA (New Energy
Technology and Research Alliance) developed an
indigenous catalyst in collaboration with the Indian
Institute of Petroleum (IIP) to convert CO2 emissions
into methanol.
• The pilot program aims to produce high-purity
methanol (over 99%) by capturing and processing
• On 30th October 2024, China announced the launch
10 kg of CO2 per day.
of its fourth manned mission, Shenzhou-19, to its
space station, Tiangong. • This initiative supports NTPC’s commitment to
reducing its carbon footprint and aligns with India’s
• The mission will carry a three-member crew,
goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2070.
including China’s only female spaceflight engineer,
Wang Haoze. IndiaAI and Meta launched the Center for
Indian scientists discovered a new Generative AI
• On 28th October 2024, IndiaAI and Meta launched
exoplanet named TOI-6651b
the Center for Generative AI, Srijan, at IIT Jodhpur.
• This initiative, in partnership with the All India Council
for Technical Education (AICTE), aims to advance
open-source AI research and skill development.
• The center will empower students and young
developers to use AI for real-world problem-solving,
focusing on sectors like education, healthcare, and
mobility.

Union Minister inaugurated India’s first

Biomanufacturing Institute in Mohali
• On 28th October 2024, Union Minister Dr. Jitendra
Singh inaugurated India’s first Biomanufacturing
• On October 28, 2024, Indian scientists from the Institute, the BRIC-National Agri-Food
Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad Biomanufacturing Institute (BRIC-NABI), in Mohali.
discovered a new exoplanet named TOI-6651b. • This initiative aims to revolutionize the agri-food
• This planet is five times larger and 60 times more sector through advanced biotechnology, supporting
massive than Earth. Located 690 light-years away, Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of a “Viksit
TOI-6651b orbits a Sun-like star in just five days. Bharat” (Developed India).
• The institute will focus on high-yield crops, Researchers develop efficient
biofertilizers, and biopesticides, and includes a photocatalyst to degrade antibiotics
BioNest Incubation Centre to nurture startups.
• On 16th October 2024, scientists developed
Reliance and Nvidia Partner to build AI an efficient photocatalyst capable of degrading
Infrastructure in India sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a common antibiotic.
• On 24th October 2024, Reliance Industries Limited • This breakthrough addresses environmental and
(RIL) and Nvidia announced a strategic partnership health concerns related to antibiotic contamination.
to build advanced AI infrastructure in India. • The new catalyst effectively breaks down SMX
• The collaboration was unveiled at the Nvidia AI into less harmful substances, offering a promising
Summit 2024 in Mumbai, with the aim of accelerating solution to mitigate the impact of antibiotics on
India’s progress in artificial intelligence. ecosystems and human health.

ISRO receives satellites for SPADEX National Space Commission approved

Docking Mission India’s 5th lunar mission
• On 21st October 2024, ISRO received two 400 kg
satellites for the Space Docking Experiment (SPADEX)
mission.
• The satellites, assembled by Ananth Technologies,
will undergo further testing before their mid-
December 2024 launch.
• SPADEX will involve the satellites docking in space,
validating technologies essential for missions like
Chandrayaan-4 and space station assembly.

Smart insulin developed for diabetes

• On 9th October 2024, India’s National Space
treatment
Commission approved the Lunar Polar Exploration
• On 16th October 2024, scientists developed a Mission (LUPEX), marking the country’s fifth lunar
groundbreaking “smart” insulin that adjusts its
mission.
activity based on blood glucose levels.
• This collaborative effort between the Indian Space
• This insulin, named NNC2215, remains inactive
Research Organisation (ISRO) and Japan’s space
until needed, then activates to manage blood sugar,
effectively preventing both hyperglycemia and agency JAXA aims to explore water and other valuable
hypoglycemia. resources on the Moon’s south pole.

New road safety sensor prototype Anusandhan National Research Foundation

developed by researchers launches PMECRG & MAHA-EV initiatives
• On 18th October 2024, researchers from the Centre • On 14 October 2024, the Anusandhan National
for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS) developed Research Foundation (ANRF) launched two key
a road safety sensor prototype designed for accident- initiatives: the Prime Minister Early Career Research
prone curves. Grant (PMECRG) and the Mission for Advancement
• This sensor, made from a polymer nanocomposite, in High-Impact Areas - Electric Vehicle (MAHA-EV).
can sense pressure and generate energy using the • The PMECRG aims to support early career
piezoelectric effect. researchers in advancing scientific innovation, while
• It is intended to be placed 100 meters before the MAHA-EV focuses on developing electric vehicle
dangerous curves, alerting oncoming vehicles with technologies, including battery cells and charging
visual signals to prevent accidents. infrastructure.

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Launch of India’s 1st indigenous multi- • On 14th October 2024, the Union Ministry of Earth
purpose vessel ‘Samarthak’ Sciences approved the installation of an advanced
X-band radar in Wayanad, Kerala.
• On 14th October 2024, Larsen & Toubro (L&T)
launched India’s first indigenous multi-purpose • Following the devastating floods and landslides in
vessel, INS Samarthak, at its Kattupalli shipyard near July 2024, this radar will enhance weather monitoring
Chennai. and early warning systems.
• The vessel, named “Samarthak” meaning “Supporter”, • With a 100 km observation range, it will provide
will assist in maritime surveillance, developing new high-resolution data on rainfall, fog, and other fine
weapons and sensors, and providing humanitarian particles, improving disaster preparedness and
aid. response in the region.
• The launch was presided over by Admiral Dinesh WHO approved the first diagnostic test for
K Tripathi, Chief of the Naval Staff, and marks a
significant step in India’s “Make in India” initiative.
Mpox
• On 4 October 2024, the World Health Organization
Wayanad gets advanced X-Band Radar (WHO) approved the first diagnostic test for Mpox
for emergency use.
• The Alinity m MPXV assay, developed by Abbott
Laboratories, detects Mpox virus DNA from skin
swabs using real-time PCR.
• This approval aims to enhance global testing capacity,
especially in regions with limited resources, and
enable timely diagnosis and treatment.

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Chapter

5 Sports News

Australian wicketkeeper Matthew Wade Indian duo clinched women’s doubles title
retires from International Cricket at WTT Feeder Cagliari 2024

• On 28th October 2024, Matthew Wade announced • On 28th October 2024, the Indian duo of Yashaswini
his retirement from international cricket. Ghorpade and Krittwika Roy clinched the women’s
• The Australian wicketkeeper-batter played 36 Test doubles title at the WTT Feeder Cagliari 2024 table
matches, 97 One-Day Internationals, and 92 T20 tennis tournament in Italy.
Internationals over a 13-year career. • They defeated South Korea’s Yoo Siwoo and Kim
• Wade was instrumental in Australia’s 2021 T20 Haeun 3-1 (11-9, 9-11, 14-12, 11-2) in the final.
World Cup victory, and his career-best Test score of
117 came against England in 2019. New Zealand won the first Women’s T20
World Cup
Indian women’s hockey legend Rani
Rampal announced retirement

• On 20th October 2024, New Zealand won their first

Women’s T20 World Cup defeating South Africa by
32 runs in Dubai.
• On 24th October 2024, Rani Rampal, the Indian • Key performances from Amelia Kerr (43 runs, 3/24)
women’s hockey legend, announced her retirement and Brooke Halliday (38 runs) led to their victory.
from international hockey. • The Women’s T20 World Cup, inaugurated in 2009,
• Over her 16-year career, she played 254 matches, has seen Australia dominate with six titles. New
scored 205 goals, and led India to a historic fourth- Zealand’s win marks their first major ICC trophy
place finish at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics. since the 2000 Women’s Cricket World Cup.
Railways beat Indian Oil to win women’s Harmanpreet sets new national record at
hockey title IWLF Weightlifting Event
• On October 21, 2024, the Railway Sports Promotion • On 11th October 2024, Harmanpreet Kaur set a
Board (RSPB) clinched the Women’s Hockey title new national record in the 76 kg senior women’s
by defeating Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOCL) 3-1 weightlifting category at the IWLF National
in the final of the 4th Hockey India Senior Women’s Weightlifting Championships held at the Rainbow
Inter-Departmental National Championship. Khelo India Residential Academy in Nagrota Bagwan,
• The match, held at the Major Dhyan Chand National Himachal Pradesh.
Stadium, saw RSPB avenge their previous year’s • She lifted 127 kg in clean and jerk, achieving a total
defeat. Salima Tete was named Player of the Match lift of 223 kg.
for her outstanding performance.
27th Asian Table Tennis Championships
Bala Devi became 1st Indian woman to • The 27th Asian Table Tennis Championships took
score 50 international goals place in Astana, Kazakhstan, from October 6-13,
2024.
• Hosted at the Daulet Sport Complex, the event saw
participation from 210 athletes representing 26
countries.
• The women’s team, featuring Manika Batra, Sreeja
Akula, Ayhika Mukherjee, Sutirtha Mukherjee, and Diya
Chitale, won their first-ever medal at the championships.
• The men’s team, led by Sharath Kamal, earned their
third consecutive bronze medal.

Tennis Player Rafael Nadal announced his

retirement
• On 10th October 2024, Rafael Nadal announced his
• On 17th October 2024, Bala Devi became the first retirement from professional tennis.
Indian woman to score 50 international goals during • The 38-year-old Spaniard revealed his decision in a
the SAFF Women’s Championship in Nepal. video message, stating that the Davis Cup Finals in
• She achieved this milestone in a match against Malaga, scheduled for November 2024, will be his
Pakistan, scoring her historic goal in the 35th minute. final event.
• Bala Devi, often referred to as the “goal machine” of Rafael Nadal’s notable achievements:
Indian women’s football, dedicated her achievement Grand Slam Titles: 22 (2005-2024)
to her late father, expressing her gratitude and French Open Titles: 14 (2005-2022)2
emotional connection to the milestone.
Olympic Gold Medals: 2 (Beijing 2008 - Men’s Singles,
Rio 2016 - Men’s Doubles)
Arjun Erigaisi wins WR Chess Masters
ATP Titles: 92 (as of 2024)
• On 18th October 2024, Arjun Erigaisi clinched the
WR Chess Masters 2024 title in London by defeating Davis Cup Titles: 4 (2004, 2008, 2009, 2011)
Maxime Vachier-Lagrave of France in an Armageddon
game after two classical draws.
Andrés Iniesta announced his retirement
• The 21-year-old Indian Grandmaster, known for his from football
analytical skills and quick decision-making, breezed • On 8th October 2024, Andrés Iniesta announced his
through earlier rounds, defeating teammates retirement from professional football at a special
Praggnanandhaa and Vidit Gujarathi. event in Barcelona.
• Erigaisi’s victory earned him 27.84 FIDE Circuit • Iniesta, known for his incredible career with both
points and brought his live rating to 2796, inching Barcelona and the Spanish national team, including
closer to the coveted 2800 mark. scoring the decisive goal in the 2010 World Cup final.

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Kho Kho World Cup to Debut in India in 2025 ISSF Junior World Shooting Championship
• On 2 October 2024, the Kho Kho Federation of India • The 2024 ISSF Junior World Shooting Championships
(KKFI), in association with the International Kho Kho took place from 27 September to 6 October 2024, at
Federation, announced that India will host the first- the Las Palmas Shooting Range in Lima, Peru.
ever Kho Kho World Cup in 2025. • India topped the medal tally with 13 gold, 3 silver,
• This historic event will feature 16 men’s and and 8 bronze medals.
16 women’s teams from 24 countries across six • Italy finished in second place, while Norway took the
continents. third spot.

Indian gymnast Dipa Karmakar announces Pankaj Advani clinched the Songhe
retirement Singapore Open title
• On 6 October 2024, ace Indian cueist Pankaj Advani
clinched the Songhe Singapore Open title with a
commanding 5-1 victory over local favorite Jaden
Ong.
• Advani’s journey to the final included a thrilling 4-3
win against former IBSF world snooker champion
Dechawat Poomjaeng of Thailand.

2024 China Open

• On 7 October 2024, celebrated Indian gymnast
Dipa Karmakar announced her retirement from
competitive gymnastics.
• Dipa is the first Indian female gymnast to qualify for
the Olympics (2016 Rio Olympics).
• She won a bronze medal at the 2014 Glasgow
Commonwealth Games and a gold medal at the FIG
World Challenge Cup in 2018.

SLC announces Sanath Jayasuriya as men’s

team head coach • The 2024 China Open took place from September 27
to October 6, 2024, at the National Tennis Center in
Beijing.
• In the men’s singles final, Carlos Alcaraz defeated
Jannik Sinner in a thrilling match, 6-7 (6), 6-4, 7-6
(3).
• In the women’s singles final, Coco Gauff triumphed
over Karolina Muchova in straight sets, 6-1, 6-3.

2024 Asian Youth Archery Championship

• The 2024 Asian Youth Archery Championship was
• On 7 October 2024, Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC) announced held from 27 September to 3 October 2024, in Taipei
the appointment of former captain Sanath Jayasuriya City, Chinese Taipei.
as the head coach of the Sri Lanka men’s cricket team. • The event featured two age categories (U18 and U21)
• His appointment, effective from 1 October 2024, and two disciplines (compound and recurve).
follows his successful interim tenure after the T20 • India’s Vaishnavi Pawar shone in the recurve U-18
World Cup 2024. women’s team category, helping the team secure a
• Jayasuriya’s contract will last until 31 March 2026. silver medal.

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Chapter

6 Defence News

India-China complete disengagement at technologies.

Depsang and Demchok
North Korea test-fires intercontinental
• On 30th October 2024, India and China completed the
disengagement process at the Depsang and Demchok
ballistic missile
friction points in eastern Ladakh.
• This marks a significant step towards reducing
tensions along the Line of Actual Control (LAC),
following the deadly clash in the Galwan Valley in
June 2020.

Indian Army Commanders’ Conference in

New Delhi
• The Indian Army Commanders’ Conference concluded
its second phase in New Delhi on 29th October 2024.
• The conference, held from October 28-29, saw senior
leadership discuss critical strategic issues, including • On 30th October 2024, North Korea conducted its
border security and operational preparedness. longest-ever intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)
test.
Navy Chief Admiral Dinesh Kumar Tripathi
• The missile, launched near Pyongyang, flew for 87
inaugurated the Swavlamban 2024 minutes and reached an altitude of 7,000 km before
exhibition splashing down in the sea between Japan and Russia.
• This test, involving the new Hwasong-19 missile,
drew swift condemnation from the international
community. The launch coincided with rising tensions
over North Korea’s reported troop deployments to
Russia.

12th India-Singapore joint Military

Training exercise
• The 12th India-Singapore Joint Military Training
(JMT) Exercise commenced on October 21, 2024, at
Air Force Station Kalaikunda in West Bengal.
• On 28th October 2024, Navy Chief Admiral Dinesh • The bilateral phase, running from November 13-21,
Kumar Tripathi inaugurated the Swavlamban 2024 2024, focuses on advanced air combat simulations,
exhibition at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi. joint mission planning, and debriefing sessions.
• The event showcases innovations from young • The Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF)
entrepreneurs and aims to strengthen collaborations participated with its largest contingent to date,
between the Indian Navy and industry stakeholders. including F-16s, F-15s, G-550 AEW&C, and C-130
• Featuring around 115 stalls, the exhibition aircraft. The Indian Air Force (IAF) contributed
highlights niche technologies such as air and surface Rafales, Mirage 2000 ITI, Su-30 MKI, Tejas, MiG-29,
surveillance, autonomous systems, AI, and quantum and Jaguar aircraft.
31st edition of SIMBEX Saudi Arabia and Iran conducted their 1st-
ever joint naval exercises
• In October 2024, Saudi Arabia and Iran conducted
their first-ever joint naval exercises in the Sea of
Oman.
• This historic collaboration, confirmed by Saudi
Arabia’s defense ministry, involved military vessels
from both nations practicing tactical maneuvers and
joint defensive strategies.
• The exercises mark a significant shift in relations
following a China-brokered peace agreement in
2023, aiming to reduce regional tensions and foster
• The 31st edition of the Singapore-India Maritime strategic cooperation.
Bilateral Exercise (SIMBEX) took place from October
23-29, 2024, at the Eastern Naval Command in PM Modi inaugurated India’s 1st private
Visakhapatnam. military aircraft plant in Gujarat
• The exercise included a Harbour Phase (October
23-25) with Subject Matter Expert Exchanges, cross-
deck visits, and sports events, followed by a Sea Phase
(October 28-29) in the Bay of Bengal with advanced
naval drills.
• The Republic of Singapore Navy’s RSS Tenacious
and the Indian Navy’s INS Shivalik participated,
enhancing interoperability and maritime security.

Indian Navy launched seventh ASW SWC

named ‘Abhay’
• On 28th October 2024, Prime Minister Narendra
Modi and Spanish President Pedro Sanchez
inaugurated India’s first private military aircraft
plant in Vadodara, Gujarat.
• This Tata-Airbus facility will manufacture the C-295
military transport aircraft for the Indian Air Force.
The plant will produce 40 aircraft locally, while 16
will be delivered from Spain.

Armenia become India’s top destination for

defence exports
• On 25th October 2024, the Indian Navy launched
the seventh Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water
Craft (ASW SWC) named ‘Abhay’ at L&T Kattupalli
Shipyard.
• The launch ceremony was presided over by Vice
Admiral Rajesh Pendharkar, FOC-in-C (East), with
Mrs. Sandhya Pendharkar, President NWWA, Eastern
Region, performing the launch.
• The ASW SWC ships, part of the Arnala class, are
designed for anti-submarine operations in coastal • In October 2024, Armenia emerged as India’s leading
waters and have over 80% indigenous content. defence export destination. In the fiscal year 2023-24,

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 Indian defence exports reached a record $2.63 billion, • This integrated training event involved over 1,800
with Armenia securing advanced missile systems, personnel and various military assets, including
surveillance aircraft, and rocket launchers. armoured vehicles and aviation support.
• The total volume of weapons purchases by Armenia • The exercise aimed to test and integrate new
from India reached $600 million by the start of the technologies developed by the Indian defence
current (financial year) 2024–25. industry, aligning with the Aatmanirbhar Bharat
• The partnership began in 2020, with agreements initiative.
worth an estimated $2 billion, marking a significant
realignment in Eurasian geopolitics. Samarthak, Indian Navy’s first multi-
purpose vessel
Indian Navy launched 3rd edition of
Swavlamban seminar
• On 29th October 2024, the Indian Navy launched the
third edition of the Swavlamban seminar at Bharat
Mandapam in New Delhi.
• The event, inaugurated by Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi,
focused on innovation and indigenisation in defence
technology.
• It showcased advancements from 115 stalls by
various agencies, including DRDO, Indian Air Force,
Indian Army, Indian Coast Guard, and Border Security • The Indian Navy’s first multi-purpose vessel (MPV),
Force. Samarthak, was launched on 14th October 2024, at
the L&T Shipyard in Kattupalli, Chennai.
Exercise Naseem-Al-Bahr • Built by L&T, this vessel is part of a two-ship
project aimed at enhancing the Navy’s operational
adaptability.
• Samarthak, meaning “Supporter”, can tow ships,
launch and recover targets, operate uncrewed
vehicles, and serve as a trial platform for new
weapons.

Indian Coast Guard conducts ‘Sagar Kavach’

coastal security drill
• Exercise Naseem-Al-Bahr, a bilateral naval exercise • On 17th and 18th October 2024, the Indian Coast
between the Indian Navy and the Royal Navy of Guard conducted the second edition of the ‘Sagar
Oman, was held off the coast of Goa from 13th to 18th Kavach’ Coastal Security Exercise along the coastlines
October 2024. of Goa and Maharashtra.
• The exercise included a harbour phase (October • The exercise involved multiple agencies, including the
13-15) and a sea phase (October 16-18), featuring Indian Navy, Customs, Coastal Police, CISF, Mormugao
professional exchanges, gun firings, anti-aircraft Port Authority, and Fisheries Department.
drills, and helicopter operations. • The drill simulated realistic scenarios like infiltration,
• This exercise, first conducted in 1993, aims to smuggling, piracy, and natural disasters to test and
enhance interoperability and strengthen maritime improve the collective response to maritime security
cooperation between the two navies. threats.

Exercise Swavlamban Shakti Kaksar Bridge in Kargil renamed Capt.

• Exercise Swavlamban Shakti, conducted by the Indian Amit Bhardwaj Setu
Army, took place at the Babina Field Firing Ranges • On 16th October 2024, the Kaksar Bridge in Kargil
from 17th to 22nd October 2024. was renamed Capt. Amit Bhardwaj Setu to honor the

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 bravery and sacrifice of Capt. Amit Bhardwaj, who • The BRO was established in 1960. It plays a crucial
lost his life during the Kargil War. role in developing and maintaining road networks in
India’s border areas.

DRDO successfully conducted tests of the

4th Generation VSHORADS

• Capt. Bhardwaj, leading a search and rescue patrol,

successfully saved his platoon from an ambush
before making the ultimate sacrifice.

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh

• On 5 October 2024, the Defence Research and
inaugurates 75 BRO infrastructure projects Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully
• On 12th October 2024, Defence Minister Rajnath conducted three flight tests of the 4th Generation
Singh inaugurated 75 infrastructure projects Very Short Range Air Defence System (VSHORADS)
developed by the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) at the Pokhran Field Firing Ranges in Rajasthan.
across 11 states and union territories. • These tests demonstrated the system’s hit-to-kill
• These projects, worth `2,236 crore, include roads capability against high-speed targets, showcasing
and bridges in strategic areas like Jammu & Kashmir, its maximum range and altitude interception
Ladakh, and Arunachal Pradesh. capabilities.

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Chapter

7 Awards and Honour

Kendriya Grihmantri Dakshata Padak • The event commemorated the 100th birth anniversary
• On 31st October 2024, the Kendriya Grihmantri of Telugu cinema legend Akkineni Nageswara Rao
Dakshata Padak was awarded to 463 personnel from (ANR).
various states, Union Territories, Central Armed
Police Forces, and Central Police Organizations.
Sri Sri Ravi Shankar honored with Fiji’s
• This prestigious medal, instituted in February 2024 highest civilian award
under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra
Modi and Union Home Minister Amit Shah, recognizes
excellence in special operations, investigation,
intelligence, and forensic science.
• The awards were announced on the birth anniversary
of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Dilushi Herath wins prestigious IET

scholarship for green innovation
• On 30th October 2024, Dilushi Herath, a student
from KIIT University, was announced as the national
winner of the prestigious IET India Scholarship • On 26th October 2024, Sri Sri Ravi Shankar was
Award 2024. honored with Fiji’s highest civilian award, the
Honorary Officer of the Order of Fiji, by President
• Out of 65,000 applicants, Dilushi’s innovative project,
Ratu Wiliame M. Katonivere.
which uses portable biogas digesters enhanced with
nanotechnology to improve energy efficiency in • This recognition celebrates his outstanding
healthcare, stood out. contributions to promoting peace, harmony, and
human upliftment through The Art of Living
• Dilushi received a scholarship of `3 lakhs and a
Foundation.
complimentary IET membership.

Amitabh Bachchan honored Chiranjeevi Bibhab Kumar Talukdar honored with The
with ANR National Award Harry Messel Award

• On 26th October 2024, Bibhab Kumar Talukdar,

• On 28th October 2024, Amitabh Bachchan honored a renowned conservation scientist from Assam,
Chiranjeevi with the prestigious ANR National Award was honored with The Harry Messel Award for
in Hyderabad. Conservation Leadership by the Species Survival
 Commission (SSC) of the International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
• The award was presented at the 5th IUCN SSC
Leaders’ Meeting in Abu Dhabi, particularly his
leadership in the Asian Rhino Specialist Group and
his role in establishing Aaranyak.

Wagh Bakri Tea Group honored with

Generational Legacy Award
• On 24th October 2024, the Wagh Bakri Tea Group
was honored with the prestigious Generational
Legacy Award for Outstanding Contribution to the
Indian Economy by Hurun India.
• The Desai family received the accolade from Anas • As the Commonwealth Year of Youth Champion,
Rahman Junaid, Founder of Hurun India, and Dr. Nitin Khurana delivered the keynote address at the Global
Singh, Managing Director of Barclays Private Clients. Mental Health Summit 2024 at Oxford University
and moderated a session on mental health at the
IIHM honored with the Best Hospitality Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
Management Institution of the Year (CHOGM) in Samoa.
• On 24th October 2024, the International Institute 5th National Water Awards
of Hotel Management (IIHM) was honored with the
• On 22nd October 2024, the 5th National Water
Best Hospitality Management Institution of the Year
Awards were conferred by President Droupadi
at the 54th FHRAI Annual Convention held in Goa.
Murmu at Vigyan Bhawan in New Delhi.
• This prestigious award recognizes IIHM’s excellence
• The awards recognized 38 winners across nine
in hospitality education, global growth, and
categories, including Best State, Best District, Best
commitment to sustainability.
Village Panchayat, Best Urban Local Body, Best
Venezuelan opposition leaders win EU’s School or College, Best Industry, Best Water User
Association, Best Institution (other than school or
Sakharov Prize college), and Best Civil Society.
• On 24th October 2024, Venezuelan opposition • Notable winners included Odisha for Best State, Indore
leaders María Corina Machado and Edmundo for Best District in the West Zone, and Pullampara
González Urrutia were awarded the Sakharov Prize Village in Kerala for Best Village Panchayat.
for Freedom of Thought by the European Parliament.
• This prestigious award recognizes their courageous Mohanji honored with Sivananda
efforts to restore democracy and freedom in Humanitarian Award
Venezuela amidst ongoing political repression under
President Nicolás Maduro.
• The Sakharov Prize, named after Soviet physicist and
dissident Andrei Sakharov, is the EU’s highest human
rights honor.

Darasing Khurana received the Mahatma

Gandhi Leadership Award
• On 23rd October 2024, actor and philanthropist
Darasing Khurana received the Mahatma Gandhi
Leadership Award in the UK for his significant
contributions to mental health awareness.

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• In October 2024, Mohanji was honored with the • Murthy was recognized for his pioneering role in
prestigious Sivananda Humanitarian Award by the building Infosys into one of India’s most successful
Sivananda World Peace Foundation in South Africa. technology companies.
• The award honors his teachings on compassion, love,
and nonviolence, which have influenced thousands Nobel Prizes for 2024
of people in over 90 nations. His primary idea, “Be The Nobel Prizes for 2024 were announced from 7
You”, encourages people to enhance awareness and to 14 October 2024. These awards were awarded in 6
practice conscious living. categories.
The Nobel Prize winner list 2024
Urmila Chaudhary honored with Global
Winner’s Name Category
Anti-Racism Championship Award
John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton Physics
• In October 2024, Urmila Chaudhary was honored
with the Global Anti-Racism Championship Award David Baker and Demis Hassabis and Chemistry
by the US State Department. John M. Jumper
• Chaudhary, a former Kamalari (indentured servant), Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun Medicine
has been recognized for her outstanding leadership Han Kang Literature
and commitment to promoting the human rights Nihon Hidankyo Peace
of marginalized castes and ethnic communities in
Nepal. Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and Economics
James A. Robinson
Rajkumar Hirani honoured with National
ISRO Chairman S. Somanath receives
Kishore Kumar Award 2023
prestigious IAF World Space Award for
Chandrayaan-3

• On 14th October 2024, renowned filmmaker

Rajkumar Hirani was honored with the Madhya
Pradesh government’s National Kishore Kumar
Award for 2023 in Khandwa, the birthplace of the • On 14th October 2024, ISRO Chairman S. Somanath
legendary singer. received the prestigious IAF World Space Award in
• The award, carrying a `5 lakh cash prize, recognizes Milan, Italy.
contributions in scriptwriting, direction, and • The award recognized the success of the
playback singing. Chandrayaan-3 mission, which achieved a historic
landing near the Moon’s South Pole on 23 August
Chiratae Ventures honored Narayana 2023.
Murthy • This accolade celebrates India’s contributions to
• On 15th October 2024, Chiratae Ventures honored space exploration and highlights the mission’s
Narayana Murthy, the founder of Infosys, with the scientific and engineering achievements.
India Lifetime Achievement Award at the Patrick J.
McGovern Awards ceremony in Bengaluru. PM Modi honored with Guard of Honor in
• The award, established in 2016, commemorates Laos Visit.
Patrick J. McGovern, the founder of International • On 10th October 2024, Prime Minister Narendra
Data Group (IDG) and anchor investor of Chiratae’s Modi was honored with a ceremonial Guard of Honor
first fund. upon his arrival in Vientiane, Laos.

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• This visit marked his participation in the 21st ASEAN- • The scheme aims to collect valuable insights and best
India Summit and the 19th East Asia Summit. practices for nation-building.
• Modi’s visit aimed to strengthen bilateral relations
and enhance cooperation in various sectors, including MIDORI Prize for Biodiversity 2024
trade, investment, and cultural exchange. • On 2 October 2024, the MIDORI Prize for Biodiversity
2024 was awarded to Vera Voronova from Kazakhstan
2025 National Anubhav Awards Scheme and Ysabel Agustina Calderón Carlos from Peru.
• The 2025 National Anubhav Awards Scheme was • Voronova was recognized for her work on ecosystem
announced on 7 October 2024. restoration and engaging rural communities in
• This initiative, launched by the Department of Central Asia.
Pension & Pensioners’ Welfare (DOPPW), encourages • Calderón Carlos was honored for her efforts in
retiring and retired government employees to share protecting pollinators and improving Indigenous
their work experiences on the Anubhav platform. women’s livelihoods through sustainable beekeeping
in Peru.

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Chapter

8 Appointments &
Resignations
Hezbollah announces Naim Qassem as new Ashok Chandra appointed as new MD &
leader CEO of Punjab National Bank

• On 28th October 2024, Ashok Chandra was appointed

as the Managing Director (MD) and CEO of Punjab
National Bank (PNB).
• In October 2024, Hezbollah announced Naim Qassem • Previously, he served as Executive Director at Canara
as its new chief, succeeding Hassan Nasrallah, who Bank since November 2022.
was killed in an Israeli airstrike.
• Chandra began his career with the erstwhile
• Qassem, previously the deputy leader, has been a key Corporation Bank in 1991 and has held various key
figure in Hezbollah since its formation in the early positions, including heading the recovery, legal, and
1980s. stressed assets management vertical at Union Bank
of India.
Vipin Kumar assumed the role of Chairman
of AAI Justice Sanjiv Khanna appointed as next
• On 28th October 2024, Vipin Kumar, an IAS officer Chief Justice of India
from the 1996 Bihar cadre, assumed the role of
Chairman of the Airports Authority of India (AAI).
• Prior to this, he served as Additional Secretary in the
Department of School Education & Literacy, Ministry
of Education, overseeing key initiatives like the
Samagra Shiksha Scheme and the National Education
Policy-2020.

Deepak Agarwal appointed as Managing

Director of NAFED
• On 28th October 2024, Deepak Agarwal was
appointed as the Managing Director (MD) of • On 24th October 2024, President Droupadi Murmu
the National Agriculture Cooperative Marketing appointed Justice Sanjiv Khanna as the next Chief
Federation of India (NAFED). Justice of India (CJI), effective November 11, 2024.
• A 2000-batch IAS officer from Uttar Pradesh, Agarwal • Justice Khanna, currently the second-most senior
previously served as Joint Secretary in the Ministry of judge in the Supreme Court, will succeed CJI DY
Housing and Urban Affairs. Chandrachud, who retires on November 10, 2024.
• Known for his expertise in constitutional law,
taxation, and arbitration, Justice Khanna will serve a
short tenure until his retirement on May 13, 2025.

Vikram Dev Dutt takes charge as Coal

Secretary

• She succeeds Rekha Sharma and will serve a tenure

of three years or until she reaches the age of 65,
whichever comes first.
• Rahatkar previously served as the Chairperson of the
Maharashtra State Commission for Women (2016-
• On 21st October 2024, Vikram Dev Dutt assumed 2021) and as the Mayor of Chatrapati Sambhajinagar
charge as the Secretary of the Ministry of Coal. He (2007-2010).
succeeds V.L. Kantha Rao, who now serves as the
Secretary of the Ministry of Mines. Abhyuday Jindal named new President of
• A 1993-batch IAS officer of the AGMUT cadre, Dutt Indian Chamber of Commerce
previously served as the Director General of the
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA).

ECI appoints Ajay Kumar Singh as

Jharkhand’s New DGP

• On 19th October 2024, Abhyuday Jindal, Managing

• On 21st October 2024, the Election Commission of Director of Jindal Stainless Limited, was appointed
India (ECI) appointed Ajay Kumar Singh as the new as the new President of the Indian Chamber of
Director General of Police (DGP) for Jharkhand. Commerce (ICC).
• Singh, a 1989-batch IPS officer, was selected from • Jindal succeeds Ameya Prabhu and aims to promote
a panel of three officers after the ECI ordered the sustainable business practices and foster inclusive
removal of acting DGP Anurag Gupta due to his growth.
history of election-related misconduct.
• This appointment comes ahead of the state assembly Acko appoints Sandip Goenka as CEO of
elections scheduled for November 13 and 20, 2024. ACKO Life
• On 15th October 2024, Acko appointed Sandip
Vijaya Kishore Rahatkar appointed as Goenka as the CEO of its newly launched life insurance
Chairperson of NCW business, ACKO Life.
• On 19th October 2024, Vijaya Kishore Rahatkar was • Goenka, a founding member of ACKO Life, brings
appointed as the new Chairperson of the National over two decades of experience in life, health, general
Commission for Women (NCW). insurance, and consulting.

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Sourav Ganguly appointed as the Director • Srinivas, an officer of the 1991 batch of the Indian
of Cricket for JSW Sports Revenue Service (Customs & Indirect Taxes),
succeeds P K Singh, who was appointed as secretary
in the renewable energy ministry.
• Srinivas has also been involved in India-EU and
India-UK FTA negotiations and oversees Special
Economic Zones and Trade Intelligence & Analytics
wings.

Partha Pratim Sengupta appointed as MD &

CEO of Bandhan Bank
• On 10th October 2024, the Reserve Bank of India
• On 17th October 2024, Sourav Ganguly was appointed (RBI) approved the appointment of Partha Pratim
as the Director of Cricket for JSW Sports, overseeing
Sengupta as the Managing Director (MD) and Chief
all cricketing properties, including the Delhi Capitals’
Executive Officer (CEO) of Bandhan Bank for a three-
IPL and WPL teams, as well as the Pretoria Capitals
in the SA20 League. year term.
• Ganguly, who joined Delhi Capitals in 2019 as an • Sengupta, with four decades of banking experience,
advisor and later served as Director of Cricket, brings previously served as MD & CEO of Indian Overseas
his extensive experience to the role. Bank (IOB) and held senior roles at State Bank of
India (SBI).
IRFC welcomes Manoj Kumar Dubey as • He replaces Bandhan’s founder Chandra Shekhar
New CMD and CEO Ghosh, who announced his retirement in July 2024.
• On 10th October 2024, Manoj Kumar Dubey assumed
the role of Chairman & Managing Director (CMD) and RBI Deputy Governor M. Rajeshwar Rao’s
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Indian Railway tenure extended for 1 year
Finance Corporation (IRFC).
• On 9th October 2024, the Appointments Committee
• A 1993-batch Indian Railway Accounts Service of the Cabinet approved a one-year extension for
(IRAS) officer, Dubey previously served as Director
RBI Deputy Governor M. Rajeshwar Rao, effective
(Finance) and Chief Financial Officer of Container
immediately.
Corporation of India (CONCOR).
• This is his second one-year extension, initially
L Satya Srinivas appointed CEO of GeM appointed in October 2020 for three years.
Portal • Rao will continue overseeing key departments,
including Regulation, Communication, Enforcement,
Legal, and Risk Monitoring.

Prakash Man Singh Raut appointed new

Chief Justice of Nepal
• On 6 October 2024, Prakash Man Singh Raut was
appointed as the new Chief Justice of Nepal by
President Ramchandra Paudel.
• Raut, the senior-most justice of the Supreme Court,
was recommended for the role by the Constitutional
• On 11th October 2024, L Satya Srinivas, Additional
Secretary in the Department of Commerce, was Council on 16 September.
appointed as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of • He succeeds Bishowambhar Prasad Shrestha, who
the Government e-Marketplace (GeM) portal on retired upon reaching the mandatory retirement age
additional charge. of 65.

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Claudia Sheinbaum becomes Mexico’s first • On 1 October 2024, Claudia Sheinbaum was sworn
female president in as Mexico’s first female president. Sheinbaum
replaced Andrés Manuel López Obrador.
• The 62-year-old scientist and former mayor of Mexico
City took the oath of office in a historic ceremony at
Mexico’s Congress.

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Chapter

9 Index and Reports

2024 World Justice Project Rule of Law • The report emphasizes the link between economic
Index freedom and prosperity, noting that freer economies
tend to have higher GDP per capita and better living
• On 26th October 2024, the World Justice Project standards.
(WJP) released its 2024 Rule of Law Index.
• India ranks 79th out of 142 countries in the 2024 2024 Global Multidimensional Poverty
World Justice Project (WJP) Rule of Law Index. Index
• The country performed relatively well in constraints • The 2024 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index
on government powers (60/142) and open (MPI) released by the United Nations Development
government (44/142). However, it faced challenges Programme (UNDP) and the Oxford Poverty and
in fundamental rights (102/142), order and security Human Development Initiative (OPHI) on 17th
(98/142), and criminal justice (82/142). October 2024.
• The 2024 Rule of Law Index ranks Pakistan 140th • The index reveals that 1.1 billion people across 112
out of 142 countries in terms of law and order and countries live in acute multidimensional poverty.
security. This makes Pakistan the third worst country Over half of these individuals are children.
globally along with Mali (141) and Nigeria (142). • The report highlights the severe impact of violent
conflict on poverty, with 40% of the poor (455 million
WMO reported that 2023 saw record-high people) residing in conflict-affected areas.
greenhouse gas levels • The five countries with the largest number of people
• On 28th October 2024, the World Meteorological living in poverty are India (234 million), Pakistan (93
Organization (WMO) reported that 2023 saw record- million), Ethiopia (86 million), Nigeria (74 million)
high greenhouse gas levels, with carbon dioxide and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (66
million).
(CO2) concentrations reaching 420 parts per million
(ppm). This marks an 11.4% increase over the past
Abu Dhabi crowned world’s richest city in
20 years.
sovereign wealth funds
• The WMO warned that these elevated levels commit
the planet to rising temperatures for many years,
emphasizing the urgent need for action to meet the
Paris Agreement goals.

Economic Freedom of the World: 2024

Annual Report
• The Economic Freedom of the World: 2024 Annual
Report, published by the Fraser Institute on October
16, 2024, evaluates economic freedom in 165
countries. • On 8th October 2024, Abu Dhabi was crowned the
• The report highlights a global decline in economic world’s richest city in terms of sovereign wealth fund
freedom over the past three years, reversing a two- assets.
decade upward trend. • According to a report by Global SWF, Abu Dhabi’s
• Hong Kong ranks as the world’s freest economy, funds, including ADIA, Mubadala, and others, manage
followed by Singapore and Switzerland. an impressive $1.7 trillion.
• This places Abu Dhabi slightly above Oslo, home to • The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) dismissed
the world’s largest SWF, the Government Pension the report, which flagged increasing abuses against
Fund, which manages over $1.6 trillion. religious minorities in India, as biased and politically
motivated.
Navi achieves 5th Spot in UPI rankings for
2nd time India becomes 4th nation to cross 700
• On 13th October 2024, Navi, a fintech company billion dollar in forex reserves
founded by Sachin Bansal, secured the fifth spot in • On 5 October 2024, India’s foreign exchange reserves
the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) rankings for the crossed the $700 billion for the first time.
second consecutive time. • This achievement makes India the fourth country,
• Navi processed 120.41 million transactions worth after China, Japan, and Switzerland, to reach this
`6,549.1 crore in September. landmark.
• The reserves surged by $12.588 billion to a record
India rejects USCIRF Report as Malicious high of $704.885 billion for the week ended 27
• On 3 October 2024, India strongly rejected a report September 2024.
by the US Commission on International Religious
Freedom (USCIRF), labeling it as “malicious” and
“agenda-driven”.

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Chapter

10 Obituaries

Justice KS Puttaswamy passed away

• Justice KS Puttaswamy passed away on 28th October
2024, at the age of 98.
• He was a former judge of the Karnataka High Court
and is best known for his pivotal role in the landmark
‹Right to Privacy› case, which led to the Supreme
Court recognizing privacy as a fundamental right
under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution in 2017.
• Justice Puttaswamy began his legal career in 1952
and was appointed as a judge in 1977.

Renowned physicist and gender equity • Gadgil founded the Sharda Gyan Peetham in Pune
proponent Rohini Godbole passed away at and promoted Sanskrit globally, including in the US
71 and Africa.
• He was known for his work on ancient Sanskrit texts
like the Vedas and Upanishads, and published a
Sanskrit biography of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar.
• Gadgil was also felicitated by Prime Minister
Narendra Modi in 2012 and received the Mahakavi
Kalidas Sanskrit-Vrati National Award.

Veteran Actor Atul Parchure passed away

at 57

• Rohini Godbole, a distinguished Indian physicist and

advocate for gender equity in science, passed away
on 25th October 2024, at age 71.
• Known for her pioneering contributions to particle
physics, Professor Godbole was also a leading
proponent of gender equality, and tirelessly advocated
for equal opportunities for women in science.
• She was a recipient of numerous prestigious
awards, including the Padma Shri (2019), France’s • Veteran Marathi actor Atul Parchure passed away on
Ordre national du Mérite (2021), and the Lifetime 14th October 2024 at age 57. He was known for his
Achievement award given by the Karnataka science comedic roles in both Marathi and Hindi cinema.
and technology department. • He began his career in 1985 with the Marathi film
Khichdi and gained fame with TV shows like RK
Vasant Anant Gadgil passed away at 94 Laxman Ki Duniya and Comedy Nights with Kapil.
• Sanskrit scholar Vasant Anant Gadgil passed away on • His notable works include Navra Maza Navsacha,
October 18, 2024, at the age of 94 in Pune. Partner, and Bbuddah... Hoga Terra Baap.
Veteran Malayalam Actor Mohan Raj • On 16th October 2024, the Israel Defense Forces
passed away at 70 (IDF) killed Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar during a
routine patrol in Rafah, Gaza Strip.
• Sinwar, who masterminded the October 7, 2023,
attack on Israel, was identified posthumously through
DNA testing. His death marks a significant blow to
Hamas, which now faces a leadership vacuum.

Businessman Ratan Tata passed away at 86

• Veteran actor Mohan Raj, popularly known by his

stage name Keerikkadan Jose, passed away at 70.
• His notable works include Uppukandam Brothers,
Chenkol, Aaram Thampuran, and Narasimham,
among others.
• He entered films only in his mid-30s with the 1988
release Moonnam Mura.
• On 9th October 2024, Ratan Naval Tata, the esteemed
Israel Defense Forces killed Hamas leader chairman emeritus of Tata Sons and a recipient of the
Padma Vibhushan, passed away at the age of 86.
Yahya Sinwar
• Tata was the Chairman of Tata Sons, the holding
company of the Tata Group, from 1991 till his
retirement on 28th December 2012. He held the
position of interim chairman from October 2016 to
February 2017.
• In 2000, he received the Padma Bhushan, the third
highest civilian honour in India, followed by the
Padma Vibhushan, the country›s second highest
civilian honour, in 2008.

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Chapter

11 Summit and Conferences

8th edition of the Future Investment • The World Telecommunication Standardization

Initiative Assembly (WTSA-24) took place from 15th to 24th
October 2024, at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi.
• The 8th edition of the Future Investment Initiative
(FII) took place from 29th October to 31st October • This quadrennial event, organized by the International
2024, at the King Abdulaziz International Conference Telecommunication Union (ITU), brought together
Centre (KAICC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. policymakers, industry leaders, and tech experts to
discuss global actions for reinforcing standardization
• Under the theme “Infinite Horizons: Investing Today,
work.
Shaping Tomorrow”, the conference brought together
global leaders, innovators, and policymakers to discuss 17th Urban Mobility India Conference
investment opportunities and sustainable development.
• The 17th Urban Mobility India Conference took place
4th Spain-India Forum in Mumbai from 25th to 27th October 2024, at Mahatma Mandir
in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
• The 4th Spain-India Forum took place on 29th
October 2024, in Mumbai. • Organized by the Ministry of Housing and Urban
Affairs, the conference focused on standardization
• Inaugurated by Spanish Prime Minister Pedro
and optimization of urban transport solutions.
Sánchez, the event focused on strengthening bilateral
relations, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region and • It brought together policymakers, industry leaders,
technological cooperation. and experts to discuss sustainable urban mobility,
innovative financing, and the integration of various
• The forum, organized by the Fundación Consejo España-
transport modes.
India and the Observer Research Foundation (ORF),
brought together over 200 participants to discuss 2024 edition of Pravasi Parichay
public-private collaboration and future opportunities.

21st International Conclave of Krishnaguru

International Spiritual Youth Society
• On 27th October 2024, the 21st International
Conclave of Krishnaguru International Spiritual
Youth Society was held in Guwahati, Assam.
• The conclave highlighted the importance of
spirituality and self-discovery, with a focus on the
Northeast’s natural harmony and richness.

WTSA-24 took place in New Delhi

• On 22nd to 28th October 2024, the Indian Embassy

in Saudi Arabia hosted the 2024 edition of Pravasi
Parichay, a flagship diaspora engagement event.
• The exhibition features accomplished artists
including Nilofer Fatima, Susmitha Dhruva
Chitradurga, and Vini Venugopal, each bringing their
unique perspective to this cultural celebration.
• The event aimed to connect the Indian diaspora • The event featured panel discussions, workshops,
with their cultural roots and foster unity among and a spectacular drone show with over 5,500 drones
expatriates. at Punnami Ghat in Vijayawada.

18th World Congress on Engineering Asset Modi attends 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan
Management
• The 18th World Congress on Engineering Asset
Management (WCEAM) took place from 23rd to 25th
October 2024, at the Constitution Club of India in
New Delhi.
• Organized by the Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, the congress brought together practitioners,
researchers, and policymakers to discuss
advancements in managing engineered assets.
• Key themes included sustainable manufacturing,
public infrastructure, and digital transformation in
• From 22nd to 24th October 2024, Prime Minister
asset management.
Narendra Modi attended the 16th BRICS Summit in
Kazan, Russia.
Climate and Health Conference 2024
• The summit, themed “Strengthening Multilateralism
for Just Global Development and Security”, provided
a platform for leaders to discuss key global issues.
• Modi held bilateral meetings with several world
leaders, including Russian President Vladimir Putin,
Chinese President Xi Jinping, and UAE President
Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan.

Chanakya Defence Dialogue 2024

• The Climate and Health Conference 2024 took place

from October 29 to 31, 2024, in Harare, Zimbabwe.
• Organized by the Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/
AIDS Research (CeSHHAR) in collaboration with the
Zimbabwean Ministry of Environment, Climate and
Wildlife and the Ministry of Health and Child Care,
the conference aimed to address the health impacts
of climate change in Africa.
• Over 400 delegates from 30 African countries
participated, focusing on developing climate-resilient • The Chanakya Defence Dialogue 2024 took place
health systems and sharing best practices. on 24th and 25th October 2024, at the Manekshaw
Centre in New Delhi.
Amaravati Drone Summit 2024 • It was organized by the Indian Army in collaboration
• The Amaravati Drone Summit 2024 took place from with the Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS),
October 22-23, 2024, at the CK Convention Center in the event focused on “Drivers in Nation Building:
Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh. Fuelling Growth Through Comprehensive Security”.
• Organized by the Andhra Pradesh Drone Corporation • The dialogue aimed to integrate security dynamics into
in collaboration with the Ministry of Civil Aviation national and international policymaking, featuring
and the Drone Federation of India, the summit aimed discussions on geopolitical dynamics, economic
to establish Andhra Pradesh as a hub for drone development, environmental sustainability, social
technology. cohesion, technology, and future land warfare.

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14th All India Civil Defence and Home 1st ASEAN-India Track 1 Cyber Policy
Guards Conference Dialogue in Singapore
• The 14th All India Civil Defence and Home Guards • The first ASEAN-India Track 1 Cyber Policy Dialogue
Conference was held on 22nd and 23rd October was held in Singapore on 16th October 2024.
2024, at Mahatma Mandir in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. • Co-chaired by Amit A. Shukla from India and Jeffrey
• Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated the Ian Dy from the Philippines, the dialogue focused on
event, which was attended by over 60 senior officials advancing digital transformation and strengthening
and 1,200 members from across India. cybersecurity cooperation.
• The conference focused on modernizing civil defence
and home guard forces, discussing the Draft Civil 23rd SCO Summit held in Islamabad
Defence Bill and Model Home Guard Bill, and exploring • The 23rd SCO Summit was held in Islamabad,
the role of technology in enhancing efficiency. Pakistan, on 15th and 16th October 2024.
• Chaired by Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, the summit
14th Biennial Lake Conference
focused on regional security, economic cooperation,
• The 14th Biennial Lake Conference, themed “Lake and cultural ties.
2024 – Wetlands for Human Well-being”, took place
• The SCO, originally formed in 1996 as the Shanghai
in Moodbidri from 17th to 20th October 2024.
Five, expanded in 2001 to include more members,
• The conference was organized by the Indian Institute aiming to address regional security and economic
of Science and Alva’s Education Foundation.
issues.
• It emphasized the protection of ecologically sensitive
panchayats and sustainable wetland use. 19th International Conference of Drug
Regulatory Authorities (ICDRA)
Asia-Pacific Ministerial Conference on
• The 19th International Conference of Drug Regulatory
Disaster Risk Reduction (APMCDRR) 2024
Authorities (ICDRA) was held in New Delhi, India,
• The Asia-Pacific Ministerial Conference on Disaster from 14th to 18th October 2024.
Risk Reduction (APMCDRR) 2024 took place from
• It was organized by the Central Drugs Standard
October 14 to 17, 2024, at the Philippine International
Control Organization (CDSCO) and the WHO. It
Convention Center in Manila.
focused on regulatory reforms, quality issues, and
• Hosted by the Philippine government and the UN
the safety of medical products.
Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, the conference
focused on enhancing disaster resilience through • Established in 1980, ICDRA provides a platform for
private sector engagement, gender-responsive regulatory authorities from WHO member states to
governance, and urban-rural resilience. collaborate and develop international consensus on
regulatory priorities.
• Key themes included science and technology, multi-
stakeholder collaboration, and building back better.
The event aimed to accelerate disaster risk reduction
PM Modi inaugurates India Mobile
efforts in the region. Congress 2024 and ITU-WTSA
• Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated
International Conference of Telecom the 8th India Mobile Congress and the
Regulators organized by TRAI International Telecommunication Union - World
• The International Conference of Telecom Regulators, Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (ITU-
organized by TRAI, took place on 16th October 2024, WTSA) on 15th October 2024, in New Delhi.
in New Delhi. • The India Mobile Congress, launched in 2017,
• The conference was held alongside the World showcases advancements in telecom and digital
Telecom Standardization Assembly (WTSA-24) and technology.
India Mobile Congress (IMC-24), the conference • The ITU-WTSA, held biennially since 1996, focuses
focused on “Emerging Trends in Regulation”. on global telecommunication standards.

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NITI Aayog hosted 2nd International 2024 edition of the Indo-Pacific Regional
Methanol Seminar Dialogue (IPRD)
• On 17th and 18th October 2024, NITI Aayog hosted • The 2024 edition of the Indo-Pacific Regional
the Second International Methanol Seminar and Dialogue (IPRD) took place from 3 to 5 October 2024,
Expo 2024 at the Manekshaw Centre in New Delhi. in New Delhi.
• This event, in collaboration with the Methanol • Organized by the Indian Navy, this apex-level
Institute, USA, aimed to highlight progress in international conference focused on the theme
“Resource-Geopolitics and Security in the Indo-
methanol production, applications, and technological
Pacific”.
developments.
• The event brought together global experts, senior
• The seminar focused on methanol’s role in the global
officers, government officials, and scholars to
energy transition and its potential as a low-carbon discuss maritime security, resource competition, and
fuel for green shipping. regional stability.

India joins International Medical Device 12th CMS Vatavaran International Film
Regulators Forum Festival and Forum
• On 3 October 2024, India was formally announced • On 3 October 2024, the 12th CMS Vatavaran
as an affiliate member of the International Medical International Film Festival and Forum on
Device Regulators Forum (IMDRF). Environment and Wildlife was inaugurated at Indira
• This membership will enable Indian medical device Paryavaran Bhawan in New Delhi.
manufacturers to meet the regulatory requirements • The theme, “Wetlands for Life”, focused on raising
of IMDRF member countries, fostering global awareness and promoting the conservation of
collaboration and harmonization in medical device wetlands ecosystems.
regulations. • The event featured film screenings, seminars,
discussions, and an exhibition of artworks, aiming
Union Minister Piyush Goyal & US to foster meaningful dialogue on environmental
Commerce Secretary Co-Chair India-US conservation.
CEO Forum 17th India-Germany MCSG meeting held in
• On 3 October 2024, Union Minister of Commerce and Berlin
Industry Piyush Goyal and US Secretary of Commerce • The 17th India-Germany Military Cooperation Sub-
Gina Raimondo jointly chaired the India-US CEO Group (MCSG) Meeting was held in Berlin from 1 and
Forum in Washington D.C. 2 October 2024.
• This forum serves as a platform for private sector • Discussions focused on new initiatives to enhance
members to provide recommendations to both bilateral military cooperation and strengthen
governments, focusing on strengthening bilateral ongoing defense engagements.
economic ties. • The MCSG aims to boost defense cooperation through
regular strategic and operational talks between the
India’s Maritime Decarbonization Headquarters, Integrated Defence Staff, and the
Conference Concludes Department of International Cooperation Armed
• On 3 October 2024, the Conference on Maritime Forces, Germany.
Decarbonization concluded in New Delhi.
10th World Green Economy Summit
• The conference co-hosted by the Ministry of Ports,
• On 2 October 2024, the 10th World Green Economy
Shipping & Waterways (MoPSW) and the Asian
Summit (WGES) was launched in Dubai under the
Development Bank (ADB). patronage of HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al
• The event brought together over 200 delegates, Maktoum.
including port leaders, government officials, industry • Organized by the Dubai Supreme Council of Energy,
stakeholders, and international experts. DEWA, and the World Green Economy Organization

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 (WGEO), the summit gathered global leaders, • Organized by Dubai Electricity and Water Authority
ministers, and experts to discuss innovative solutions (DEWA), the event showcases innovations
for boosting the green economy. in renewable energy, water treatment, and
environmental technologies.
26th Water, Energy, Technology and • The exhibition supports the COP28 Pledge to triple
Environment Exhibition renewable energy capacity and promote energy
• The 26th Water, Energy, Technology and Environment efficiency.
Exhibition (WETEX) 2024 began on 1 October 2024,
at the Dubai World Trade Centre.

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Chapter

12 Books and Authors

HarperCollins India to Publish ‘Ratan Tata: • “Mountain Mammals of the World” by M.K. Ranjitsinh
A Life’ by Thomas Mathew was launched on 11th October 2024.
• This comprehensive guide features 58 species and
119 taxa of large mammals found in mountain ranges
globally.
• The book is a culmination of Ranjitsinh’s extensive
fieldwork and dedication to wildlife conservation,
offering scientific insights and stunning photographs.

A new book “War” by Bob Woodward

• On October 25, 2024, HarperCollins India has

announced that it will publish a book titled “Ratan
Tata: A Life” written by Thomas Mathew.
• This biography meticulously traces Ratan Tata’s
journey from his lonely childhood to his role as the
head of Tata Trusts, India’s largest philanthropic
enterprise. • “War” by Bob Woodward was launched on October
15, 2024 by Simon & Schuster.
A book titled “Mountain Mammals of the
• This investigative book delves into three major
World” by M.K. Ranjitsinh conflicts: the war in Ukraine, the Middle East conflict,
and the political struggle for the American presidency.
• Woodward’s detailed reporting provides an inside
look at high-stakes diplomacy and decision-making,
featuring conversations with key figures like
President Biden, Trump, and other global leaders.
Chapter

13 Important Days

National Unity Day • The theme for 2024 is “Ayurveda Innovations for
• National Unity Day, also known as Rashtriya Ekta Global Health”, highlighting Ayurveda’s holistic
Diwas, is celebrated in India on 31st October each approach to health and well-being.
year. The day aims to promote national unity and
integrity.
World Polio Day
• Introduced by the Government of India in 2014, this • World Polio Day is observed annually on 24th October.
day commemorates the birth anniversary of Sardar • The day was established by Rotary International in
Vallabhbhai Patel, the first Deputy Prime Minister 1988 to honor Dr. Jonas Salk, who developed the first
and Home Minister of India. effective polio vaccine.
• Known as the “Iron Man of India”, Patel played a • This day raises awareness about polio, a crippling
crucial role in the political integration of over 560 and potentially fatal infectious disease.
princely states into a united India. • The theme for 2024 is “A Global Mission to Reach
Every Child”.
World Cities Day
• World Cities Day is celebrated annually on 31st United Nations Day
October. • United Nations Day is celebrated annually on 24th
• Designated by the United Nations General Assembly October, marking the anniversary of the UN Charter’s
in 2013, this day promotes sustainable urban entry into force in 1945.
development and fosters cooperation among • Established to promote peace, security, and
countries to address urbanization challenges. international cooperation, the United Nations works
• The theme for 2024 is “Youth leading climate and on a wide range of global issues, including human
local action for cities”. rights, development, and humanitarian aid.

World Savings Day World Statistics Day

• World Savings Day, also known as World Thrift Day, is • World Statistics Day is an international celebration
celebrated on October 31st each year. held every five years. In 2024, The day is celebrated
• The day was established in 1924 during the 1st on 20th October.
International Savings Bank Congress in Milan, Italy. • Established by the United Nations Statistical
• The day aims to raise awareness about responsible Commission in 2010, this global event occurs every
financial practices, encouraging individuals and five years to emphasize the crucial role of reliable
communities to cultivate a savings culture for long- data and statistics in policy-making, governance, and
term financial security. global progress.

Ayurveda Day World Anaesthesia Day

• Ayurveda Day is celebrated annually on Dhanteras, • World Anaesthesia Day is observed annually on 16th
a date that varies but typically falls in October or October.
November. This year Ayurveda Day 2024 is celebrated • This day commemorates the first successful use of
on 29 October. ether anaesthesia by Dr. William T.G. Morton in 1846
• Established by the Indian Ministry of AYUSH in at Massachusetts General Hospital.
2016, the day honors Lord Dhanvantari, the God of • The 2024 theme is “Workforce Well-Being”.
Ayurveda.
World Food Day • This year’s theme is “Protect Insects, Protect Birds”.
• World Food Day is celebrated annually on 16th • The campaign, organized by a network of global
October, marking the founding of the Food and partners, emphasizes the critical role insects play
Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in the life cycle of migratory birds and the alarming
in 1945. global decline in insect populations.
• The day highlights global efforts to combat hunger,
ensure food security, and promote sustainable
National Postal Day
agriculture. • National Postal Day is celebrated annually on 10th
• The theme for 2024 is “Sustainable Agriculture for a October in India.
Food-Secure World”. • This day commemorates the establishment of the
Indian Postal Service on 10th October 1854.
Breast Cancer Awareness Day • National Postal Day also coincides with World Post
• Breast Cancer Awareness Day 2024 is observed Day, a global event established by the Universal
annually on 13 October. Postal Union (UPU) to celebrate the formation of the
• The theme for this year was “No one should face UPU in 1874.
breast cancer alone”, emphasizing the importance of
support networks for patients and survivors.
World Mental Health Day
• The campaign, marked by the pink ribbon symbol, • World Mental Health Day is observed annually on
aims to raise awareness about early detection, 10th October.
treatment options, and the impact of breast cancer • In 2024, the theme is “Mental Health at Work”,
on individuals and communities. highlighting the importance of promoting mental
well-being in the workplace.
World Standards Day • This initiative aims to raise awareness about
• World Standards Day is celebrated annually on 14th mental health issues, reduce stigma, and encourage
October. employers to create supportive work environments.
• This day recognizes the collaborative efforts of
thousands of experts who develop international
World Cotton Day
standards to ensure products and services meet • World Cotton Day is celebrated annually on 7 October.
consumer expectations, enhancing safety and quality • This day was first proposed in 2019 by the Cotton
of life. Four (Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Mali) at the
• The day traces its origins to 1946 when delegates World Trade Organization.
from 25 countries met in London to establish the • It aims to raise awareness about the importance of
International Organization for Standardization (ISO). cotton and its significant role in the global economy.
The first official celebration took place in 1970.
World Cerebral Palsy Day
International Day for Disaster Risk • World Cerebral Palsy Day is observed annually on 6
Reduction October.
• The International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction • The day was launched in 2012 by the Cerebral Palsy
(IDDR) is observed annually on 13th October. Alliance and United Cerebral Palsy.
• This day, established by the United Nations General • This global initiative aims to raise awareness about
Assembly in 1989, aims to promote a global culture cerebral palsy (CP) and advocate for the rights of
of risk-awareness and disaster reduction. individuals living with CP.
• The theme for 2024 is “Empowering the Next
Generation for a Resilient Future”. World Habitat Day
• World Habitat Day is observed annually on the first
World Migratory Bird Day Monday of October.
• World Migratory Bird Day is celebrated annually on • First celebrated in 1986, it was established by the
12th October. United Nations General Assembly in 1985 to reflect

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 on the state of towns and cities, and to promote the World Vegetarian Day
right to adequate shelter. • World Vegetarian Day is celebrated annually on 1
• The theme for 2024 is “Engaging Youth to Create a October.
Better Urban Future”. • It was established in 1977 by the North American
Vegetarian Society (NAVS) and endorsed by the
World Teachers’ Day International Vegetarian Union (IVU) in 1978.
• World Teachers’ Day is celebrated annually on 5 • The day aims to promote the benefits of a vegetarian
October. lifestyle, including health, environmental, and ethical
• First observed in 1994, it was established by UNESCO considerations.
to honor the invaluable contributions of teachers
worldwide. International Coffee Day
• The theme for 2024 is “Valuing Teacher Voices: • International Coffee Day is celebrated annually on 1
Towards a New Social Contract for Education”. October.
• First established in 2015 by the International Coffee
World Animal Day Organization (ICO) during a meeting in Milan, Italy.
• World Animal Day is celebrated annually on 4 October. • The theme for 2024 is “Coffee, Your Daily Ritual, Our
• First observed in 1925 by German cynologist Shared Journey”.
Heinrich Zimmermann, the day was initially held on
24 March but was later moved to October 4 to align
with the Feast Day of St. Francis of Assisi.

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Chapter

14 Important Government
Schemes
Ayushman Bharat Scheme to provide (FAO), with a focus on pandemic preparedness and
health coverage for all senior citizens aged response.
70 and above Government to extend UDAN Scheme for 10
• On 29th October 2024, Prime Minister Narendra Modi more years
announced the expansion of the Ayushman Bharat
Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) to • On 21st October 2024, the Indian government
include health coverage for all senior citizens aged announced the extension of the UDAN (Ude Desh ka
70 and above. Aam Nagrik) scheme for 10 more years.
• This initiative, called the Ayushman Vaya Vandana • Initially launched in 2016, UDAN aims to enhance
Card, provides an additional `5 lakh in health regional air connectivity and make flying more
coverage per year for seniors, irrespective of their affordable.
income. • Civil Aviation Minister K. Rammohan Naidu highlighted
that the scheme has already operationalized 601
Union Minister Manohar Lal launches routes and 71 airports, facilitating travel for over
‘Swachh Diwali Shubh Diwali’ campaign 1.44 crore passengers.
• On 28th October 2024, Union Housing and Urban Centre approves `1 lakh crore for PM-RKVY
Affairs Minister Manohar Lal launched the Swachh
Diwali Shubh Diwali campaign. Running until
and Krishnannati Yojana
November 3, 2024, this initiative aims to promote • On 3 October 2024, the Union Cabinet, chaired by
cleanliness beyond homes to public spaces and Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the Pradhan
neighborhoods. Mantri Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (PM-RKVY) and
• The campaign emphasizes eco-friendly, plastic-free Krishonnati Yojana (KY) with a combined outlay of
celebrations and encourages community involvement over `1 lakh crore.
in maintaining cleanliness during the Diwali festival. • The PM-RKVY aims to promote sustainable
It aligns with the Swachh Bharat Mission’s goals of agriculture, while the KY focuses on achieving food
sustainability and public service. security and agricultural self-sufficiency.
• This rationalization of centrally sponsored schemes
Govt launches $25 Million Pandemic Fund under the Ministry of Agriculture aims to enhance
for Animal Health agricultural productivity and ensure food security.
• On 25th October 2024, Union Minister Rajiv Ranjan
Singh announced the launch of a $25 million
Government launches PM E-DRIVE Scheme
Pandemic Fund Project to enhance animal health • On 1 October 2024, the Indian government launched
security in India. the PM Electric Drive Revolution in Innovative Vehicle
• The initiative, funded by the G20 Pandemic Fund, Enhancement (PM E-DRIVE) scheme.
aims to strengthen disease surveillance, upgrade • With a financial outlay of `10,900 crore over two
laboratory infrastructure, and develop a more years, the scheme aims to accelerate the adoption
integrated system for managing zoonotic diseases. of electric vehicles (EVs), establish charging
• The project will be implemented in partnership infrastructure, and build a robust EV manufacturing
with the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the World ecosystem.
Bank, and the Food and Agriculture Organization
Chapter

15 Persons and Places in News

Nikita Porwal crowned Femina Miss India Young Sherpa conquers World’s Tallest
2024 Mountains at 18

• On 9th October 2024, Nima Rinji Sherpa, an 18-year-

old Nepalese mountaineer, made history by becoming
the youngest person to summit all 14 of the world’s
• On 16th October 2024, Nikita Porwal from Madhya highest peaks, known as the “eight-thousanders”.
Pradesh was crowned Femina Miss India World 2024
• He reached the summit of Mount Shishapangma in
at the diamond jubilee edition of the pageant held in
Tibet, completing the remarkable feat in just 740
Mumbai.
days.
• She will represent India at the Miss World 2026
• Nima started climbing high-altitude mountains at 16
pageant.
and has now joined an elite group of climbers who
have scaled these towering peaks.