The nationality of a person is the place of birth; basically, it is an ethnic and racial concept.

Nationality is
a term used to say a particular person's ethnicity or country of birth, whereas citizenship is a legal term we
acquire as a result of legal procedures. The nationality of a person is the place of birth; basically, it is an
ethnic and racial concept.
• Differences of Citizenship and Nationality

• Nationality is a term used to say a particular person's ethnicity or country of birth, whereas citizenship is
a legal term we acquire as a result of legal procedures. One is acquired by birth and the other is acquired by
law.
• Nationality cannot be changed while citizenship can.

• Citizenship can also be reversed while nationality cannot. Every person is a citizen of the country where
he/she is born, but to become a citizen of some other country, one needs to apply for it; basically,
citizenship is more of a judicial concept. Where citizenship is used in a meaning that is different from
nationality, it refers to the legal rights and duties of individuals attached to nationality under domestic law.
In some national laws, citizenship has a more specific meaning and refers to rights and duties that can only
be exercised after the age of majority (such as voting rights) or to rights and duties that can only be
exercised in the national territory.
There are basically two types of person living within the
jurisdiction of the Republic of the Philippines:
1. Citizen - is one who meets the qualifications stated under section 1,
Article IV of 1987 Philippine Constitution

2. Aliens – are people who live within the territory of the Philippines but
“owe permanent allegiance to
foreign country” (Raminez 1969). They are not
entitled to vote or run for elections. They have
limited business capabilities, and they cannot
engage in profession like law and medicine.
The state, however, gives them protection by
extending the civil rights guaranteed by the
constitution, provided that they also obey the laws
of the land and pay taxes(Ramirez, 1969)
CITIZENSHIP – It denotes membership of a citizen in a political society which membership implies,
reciprocally, a duty of allegiance on the part of the members and duty of protection on the part of the
state.
- It is the position or status of being a citizen of a particular country.

- Citizenship is granted to an individual by the government of the country when

he/she complies with the legal formalities, so it’s like a judicial concept.

- Once a person becomes a citizen of the country, he/she has the right to work, vote,
reside, and take an active part in the country's national events.
- Merriam-Webster dictionary definition of citizenship as "membership in a
community."

CITIZEN – A member of a democratic community who enjoys full civil and political rights and is
accorded protection inside and outside the territory of the State. Citizens may be regarded by all
nations either born in their territories or born of their citizens, or it could be both.
THE 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION - ARTICLE IV ON CITIZENSHIP

Sec. 1. The following are citizens of the Philippines:

• (1) Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution; (1987)
• (2) Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines;
• (3) Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of
majority (18 years old); and
• (4) Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

Sec. 2. Natural-born citizens are those who are citizens of the Philippines from birth without having to perform any act
to acquire or perfect their Philippine citizenship. Those who elect Philippine citizenship in accordance with paragraph (3),
Section 1 hereof shall be deemed natural-born citizens.

Citizenship by birth have two categories,

• Jus Soli or loci is determined by place of birth while

• Jus Sanguinis is determined by blood relations.

 Modes of Acquiring Citizenship

1) Involuntary Method

• Jus Soli or loci is determined by place of birth while

• Jus Sanguinis is determined by blood relations.

2) Voluntary Method (naturalization, cessation, conquer or treaty)

• by naturalization of acquiring citizenship by renouncing his/her former
citizenship and embracing new one.

Exception: In case of collective naturalization of the inhabitants of a

territory which takes place when it is ceded by one state to another as
a result of conquest or treaty.
Kinds of Citizens

1) Natural-born
2) Naturalized

Citizens of the Philippines

1) Citizens at the time of the adoption of the Constitution

2) Citizens by blood relationship
3) Citizens through election under the 1935 Constitution4)

Citizens by naturalization

Naturalization

-The act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of the state and clothing himwith the rights
and privileges of citizenship.

-Implies the renunciation of a former nationality and the fact of entrance to a similar relationtowards a
new body politic
• Sec. 3. Philippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided by
law.

Loss of Citizenship
1)Voluntarily -
Expatriation
a. By naturalization in a foreign country (RA 9225);
b. By express renunciation of citizenship;
c. By subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the constitution and laws of a foreign country;
d. By rendering service to, or accepting commission in the armed forces of a foreign country

2)Involuntarily
a. By cancellation of his certificate of naturalization by the court; and
b. By having been declared by a competent authority, a deserter in the Philippine armed forces in time
of war

* In time of war, a Filipino citizen cannot expatriate himself

Reacquisition of Citizenship (R .A. No. 9225)

1) By naturalization, provided the applicant possesses none of the disqualifications provided in the
naturalization law;

2) By repatriation of deserters of the Philippine armed forces and women who lost their citizenship by reason
of marriage to an alien, after the termination of their marital status; and

3) By direct act of the Congress of the Philippines

Repatriation -Effected by merely taking the necessary path of allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines
and registering the same in the proper civil registry.
• Sec. 4. Citizens of the Philippines who marry aliens shall retain their citizenship, unless by
their act or omission, they are deemed, under the law, to have renounced it.

Effect of Marriage of Citizen to an Alien

-A citizen who marries an alien does not lose his/her Philippine citizenship even if
by the laws of his/her wife’s/husband’s country, he/she acquires her/his nationality.

-Exception: renunciation by subscribing to an oath of allegiance to support the

constitution and the laws of a foreign country.

-Thus, a Filipino woman, who upon marriage to an alien acquires his citizenship,
will possess two citizenships

– Philippine citizenship and that of her husband.

• Sec. 5. Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical to the national interest and shall be dealt with by law.

Dual Allegiance of Citizens

- continued allegiance of naturalized nationals to their mother country even after they have acquired
Filipino citizenship
-prohibited
-declared inimical to national interest, and Congress is required that it be dealt with by law

Dual Citizenship
-Possession of two citizenships by and individual, that of his original citizenship and that of the country
he became a naturalized citizen

-not prohibited
-arises because our laws cannot control laws of other countries on citizenship
-not per se objectionable, but such status may be regulated or restricted by law where it is conducive
or could lead to dual allegiance
•In the case of public officers and employees, whether elective or appointive, dual citizenship may be
constitutionally prohibited by law for as public servants, they are required to serve the people “with
utmost xxx loyalty” and “act with patriotism” in the performance of their duties and functions. (Art. 11,
Sec. 1)
Active Citizenship – means someone who takes a role in the community

OBLIGATIONS OF CITIZEN
• Loyalty or have a sense of patriotism
• Obeys laws
• Participation in political processes

Ways to show good citizenship

 A good citizen is patriotic
 Modelling good qualities
 Being productive
 Being informed
 Being vigilant
 Being socially active
 Being Politically active
How does citizenship education benefit young people?

• It helps them to develop self-confidence and a sense of agency, and

successfully deal with life changes and challenges such as bullying and
discrimination. It gives them a voice: in the life of their schools,
their communities and society at large. It enables them to make a
positive contribution by developing the knowledge and experience needed
to claim their rights and understand their responsibilities. It
prepares them for the challenges and opportunities of adult and working
life.

Who else does citizenship education benefit?

• Citizenship also brings benefits for schools, other educational

organizations, and for society at large. For schools and other
educational organizations, it helps to produce motivated and
responsible learners, who relate positively to each other, to staff and
to the surrounding community. For society it helps to create an active
and responsible citizenry, willing to participate in the life of the
nation and the wider world and play its part in the democratic process.
PT # 5

1. How does someone become a citizen of the Philippines?

2. What are the roles and rights of citizenship?
3. How will you define active citizenship
4. How will you become an active citizen?
5. Examine and Analyze REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9225. How does it work? How can it be
improved? If not, what do you think might be needed?