Determination of Stresses and Strain in

Flexible Pavement –
KENLAYER

Prepared By:
Akshay Kumar Sutariya
D21CE011
Research Scholar
Transportation Engineering and Planning (TEP)
Department of Civil Engineering
Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Surat
Course of Presentation

• Software Installation

• KENLAYER Demo

• Numerical – Two Layer and Three Layer

• Points to Remember for the Design

Download Link for KENPAVE
Scan to Download

https://kenpave.software.informer.com/1.0/
 Input Parameters
1. Structure of the Pavement: 2. Material Properties:
▪ Number of Layers ▪ Elastic Modulus
▪ Thickness of Layer ▪ Poisson’s Ratio

3. Load:
▪ Axle Type 4. Location for stress and strain:
▪ Dimensions ▪ Depth, Radial Distance
▪ Contact Pressure ▪ Depth, x and y Coordinates
▪ Contact Radius

Demo of KENLAYER
 Output
1. Stress:
2. Principal Stresses/ Strain
▪ Three Normal Stresses
▪ Shear Stress

3. Displacement

Demo of KENLAYER
 Numerical Exercises – Stress, Strain and Displacement
1. Two layer with Single Wheel
A circular load having radius 6 in. (152 mm) and uniform pressure 80 psi (552 kPa) is applied on a two-layer system, as shown in Figure
2.16. The subgrade has elastic modulus 5000 psi (35 MPa) and can support a maximum vertical stress of 8 psi (55 kPa). If the HMA has
elastic modulus 500,000 psi (3.45 GPa), what is the required thickness of a full-depth pavement? If a thin surface treatment is applied
on a granular base with elastic modulus 25,000 psi (173 MPa), what is the thickness of base course required?
6 In.
80 psi

E1 = 500,000 psi
1 in = 25.4 mm or 25, 000 psi
σc = 8 psi h1 = ?
1 psi = 6.9 kPa

E2 = 5000 psi

Stress/Strain Analysis
 Numerical Exercises – Stress, Strain and Displacement

Stress/Strain Analysis
 Numerical Exercises – Stress, Strain and Displacement

Stress/Strain Analysis
 Numerical Exercises – Stress, Strain and Displacement
Type of Material: Linear Elastic

Damage Analysis: Not Considered as of now.

Number of Periods per Year: We can have different modulus values for Subgrade in different period of time in a year. As of now we

consider it as constant throughout the year.

Number of Load groups: This is place where you will be defining the Axle configuration which a pavement is subjected to. There is no

word about the load intensity, its about the Axle configuration. And in case of different Contact areas, you can use different load

groups. And in case of different contact pressure, you can use different load groups. But you have a constraint here, you have the

number of load group to be defined as limited, you can just read through the help menu available here and find out what is the

number of loads.

Tolerance of Numerical Integration: 0.001 (As a default values) [Its defines the Accuracy of 0.1%]

Number of Layers: 2 Layers

Stress/Strain Analysis
 Numerical Exercises – Stress, Strain and Displacement
Number of Z Coordinate for Analysis: At what number of points you wish to calculate the stress and strain.

For rest of the inputs you can use the default values.

Choose SI unit for the measurements.

X axis
Load Inputs:

YW
Y axis

0 - SASW
XW
1 - SADW
2 – TA
3 – Tridem A

Plan View
Stress/Strain Analysis
 Numerical Exercises – Stress, Strain and Displacement
2. Two layer with Dual Wheel
Figure 2 shows a set of dual tires, each having contact radius 4.52 in. (115 mm) and contact pressure 70 psi (483 kPa). The
center-to-center spacing of the dual is 13.5 in. (343 mm). Layer 1 has thickness 6 in. (152 mm) and elastic modulus 100,000 psi
(690 MPa); layer 2 has elastic modulus 10,000 psi (69 MPa). Determine the vertical deflection at point A, which is on the
interface beneath the center of one loaded area.

4.52 In. 4.52 In.

13.5
70 psi

E1 = 100,000 psi
1 in = 25.4 mm 6”
1 psi = 6.9 kPa w=?

A E2 = 10,000 psi

Stress/Strain Analysis
 Numerical Exercises – Stress, Strain and Displacement
3. Two layer with Single Wheel
Figure 3 shows a full-depth asphalt pavement 8 in. (203 mm) thick subjected to a single-wheel load of 9000 1b (40 kN)
having contact pressure 67.7 psi (467 kPa). If the elastic modulus of the asphalt layer is 150,000 psi (1.04 GPa) and that
of the subgrade is 15,000 psi (104 MPa), determine the critical tensile strain in the asphalt layer.

9000 lb
67.7 psi

E1 = 150,000 psi
1 in = 25.4 mm 8 in.
1 psi = 6.9 kPa
1 lb = 4.45 N e=?
E2 = 15,000 psi

Stress/Strain Analysis
 Numerical Exercises – Stress, Strain and Displacement
4. Two layer with Dual Wheel
For the same pavement as in Example 2.8, if the 9000-1b (40-kN) load is applied over a set of dual tires with a center-

to-center spacing of 11.5 in. (292 mm) and a contact pressure of 67.7 psi (467 kPa), as shown in Figure 4, Determine

the critical tensile strain in the asphalt layer.

4500 lb 4500 lb
11.5 in.

E1 = 150,000 psi
1 in = 25.4 mm 8”
1 psi = 6.9 kPa e=?
1 lb = 4.45 N
E2 = 15,000 psi

Stress/Strain Analysis
 Numerical Exercises – Stress, Strain and Displacement
5. Two layer - Tandem Axle
Same as Previous example, except that an identical set of duals is added to form dual-tandem wheels
having the tandem spacing 49 in. (1.25 m), as shown in Figure 5.

4500 lb 4500 lb
11.5 inch
67.7 psi

8”
4500 lb 4500 lb

1 in = 25.4 mm E1 = 150,000 psi

1 psi = 6.9 kPa
e=?
1 lb = 4.45 N
E2 = 15,000 psi

Stress/Strain Analysis
 Numerical Exercises – Stress, Strain and Displacement
6. Three layer with Single Wheel
Given the three-layer system shown in Figure 2.30 with a = 4.8 in. (122 mm), 9 = 120 psi (828kPa), h, = 6 in. (152 mm), h2 = 6 in. (203

mm), E, = 400,000 psi (2.8 GPa), Er = 20,000 psi(138 MPa), and Ez = 10,000 psi (69 MPa), determine all the stresses and strains at the

two interfaces on the axis of symmetry.

4.8 In.
120 psi

E1 = 400,000 psi 6 inch

1 in = 25.4 mm
1 psi = 6.9 kPa E2 = 20,000 psi all σ, ε = ?
1 lb = 4.45 N 6 inch

E3 = 10,000 psi ∞

Stress/Strain Analysis