Cash books(1)
Cash books(1)
Cash books(1)
1. Introduction
2. Define and explain
Cash books
Two columnar cash books
Double columnar book
Three columnar cash books
3. Review questions
1. Introduction
Cash is the most liquid resource that an entity has. Cash includes cash
and cash equivalents both in hand as well in the bank. There are
several transactions every day that cause a continuous flow of cash
between the entity and outsiders, and also within the entity itself.
Cash, being so liquid, is also the biggest moral hazard! It is easier to
commit a fraud or an error in cash transactions, as compared to any
other kind of transactions.
Cash is the lifeline of a business. It affects almost all the departments
and business segments. Proper records of cash transactions are
important not only for accounting purposes, but also to help the
financial manager in efficiently managing the business’ cash and cash
equivalents.
1. Introduction
It is obvious that cash transactions affect the performance and the
financial statements of an entity. Therefore, it is essential to know the
correct principles and procedures for recording cash transactions. The
procedures laid down have to be those which will present a fair view in
the financial statements and also protect the assets of the company.
Among cash transactions, petty cash transactions involve the maximum
handling of hard cash. The possibilities for fraud are the highest in this
case. Efficient systems and procedures have to be made in order to
control this risk. An example of such a system which minimises risk is
the imprest system.
1. Introduction
In this Study Guide we will discuss the recording of cash transactions in
the cash book and the petty cash book. As an accountant, this is
definitely a task that you will have to do at some point, so be prepared!
2. Define and explain cash book
Cash is a lifeline for a business. It affects almost all the departments
and business segments. Proper records of cash transactions are
important not only for accounting purposes, but also to help the
financial manager in efficiently managing the cash. It is obvious that
cash transactions affect the performance and the financial statements
of an entity. Therefore, it is essential to know the correct principles and
procedures for recording cash transactions. The procedures laid down
have to be those which will present a fair view in the financial
statements and also protect the assets of the company.
Now we will discuss the recording of cash transactions in the cash
book.
2. Define and explain cash book
Cash Book
The cash book is a book of prime entry of a special kind as it is also a part of the
ledger system. Cash or bank columns serve the purpose of cash or bank accounts,
often in a ledger account. There is no need to post the transactions again in cash or
bank accounts. These columns are balanced just like a ledger account and the
closing balances are taken into a trial balance.
The main features of the cash book are as follows:
Only cash transactions are recorded in the cash book.
Transactions are recorded in the cash book in a chronological order.
The receipts side of the cash book is used to record entries which debit cash or
bank account for example: received cash from one of the customers.
The payments side is used to record entries which credit cash. For example: paid
salary by cash.
2. Define and explain cash book
Once the transaction is entered in the cash book we have to give effect
to the respective ledger account.
For example:
When salary is paid by cash the entry would:
Dr. Salary account X
Cr. Cash account X
Post the salary in the respective ledger account and
Post the cash account in the payment side of the cash book.
2. Define and explain cash book
The steps to record transactions in the cash book are as follows:
The receipts side of the cash book is used to record entries which
debit the cash account or the bank account; for example, received
cash a receivable.
The payments side is used to record entries which credit either the
cash account or the bank account; for example, paid salary by cash.
However, once the transaction is entered in the cash book, the second
effect to the respective ledger account is also given. For example,
respective receivable account in case of.
2. Define and explain cash book
Types of cash book
1. Single column for cash as well as bank transactions
If there is only one column for cash and bank transactions, the balance
brought down and carried forward will consist of cash-in-hand as well
as bank balances (especially, if there is any cash that is not yet
deposited into the bank). If all the cash collections are deposited in the
bank, the balance will consist of only the bank balance.
A proforma of a single column cash book with imaginary figures is
given below:
2. Define and explain cash book
Summary of transactions:
Details Amount in Tshs
Cash in hand 1,000
Received from Ron 200
Paid rent 100
Sold goods for cash 200
Paid to Sam 500
Purchased furniture 500
Paid salaries 100
Rent due not yet paid 100
Amount deposited in bank 200
2. Define and explain cash book
The single columnar cash book will be as follows:
Receipts Side Payments side
Balance b/f 1,000 Rent 100
Ron 200 Sam 500
Sales 200 Furniture 500
Bank 200 Salaries 100
Balance c/d 400
1,600 1,600
2. Define and explain cash book
This is a cash book, therefore only the deposited cash is recorded.
Note: rent due, but not yet paid, is not shown in the cash book.
A similar account would be set up for bank account.
2. Define and explain cash book
Example
Enter the following transactions in a simple cash book:
Imprest system
Note:
Remember to practice this example thoroughly in order to get the feel of
how transactions are posted into the petty cash book.
3. Petty cash book
Post the following entries and also prepare a petty cash ledger account.
Date Particulars Amount
01 January 2007 Receipt of cash 200,000
02 January 2007 Postage 20,000
09 January 2007 Transport 10,000
13 January 2007 Transport 12,000
18 January 2007 Postage 9,000
23 January 2007 Postage 16,000
30 January 2007 Transport 11,000
01 February 2007 Cash receipt 78,000
3. Petty cash book
Petty cash book
Receipts amount Date Particular Total amount Postage amount Transport amount
200,000 01/01/2007 Cash
02/01/2007 Postage 20,000 20,000
09/01/2007 Transport 10,000 10,000
13/01/2007 Transport 12,000 12,000
18/01/2007 Postage 9,000 9,000
23/01/2007 Postage 16,000 16,000
30/01/2007 Transport 11,000 11,000
200,000 78,000 45,000 33,000
78,000 01/02/2007 Cash
3. Petty cash book
Postings to ledger accounts will be as follows:
Dr. Postage account Tshs45,000
Dr. Transport account Tshs33,000
Cr. Petty cash Tshs78,000
Being petty cash expenses posted to respective accounts.
3. Petty cash book
DEBIT CREDIT
01/01/2007 Cash 200,000 31/01/2007 Payments 78,000
31/01/2007 Balance c/d 122,000
200,000 200,000
01/02/2007 Balance b/d 122,000
01/02/2007 cash 78,000
200,000
3. Petty cash book
(b) Non-imprest system
A non-imprest system is a petty cash system which does not follow the
imprest system. There is therefore no amount fixed as float. The amount
which is reimbursed and the timing of reimbursement are decided by people
operating the system. The petty cashier may or may not have the same
closing balance of petty cash as opening balance.
2. Analysing petty cash transactions
The petty cash book contains small transactions of various types. Accounting
for these requires an analysis of the transactions according to different
account heads. Usually an analytical petty cash book contains several
columns. Each column takes care of an expense which is often repeated.
3. Petty cash book
Expenses encountered occasionally are entered in the ‘Others’ column
of the petty cash book. A further analysis of the ‘Others’ column is
needed at the end of the period so as to record the transactions in the
relevant ledger account. The total of each specific column is recorded
in the ledger account it represents. Please see the example that
follows.
Whether or not an imprest method is followed, there will be no
difference in the analytical part of the petty cash book. The only
difference will be on the receipts side of the petty cash book. Under an
imprest system, there will be receipts for reimbursement of expenses
at fixed intervals. When the amount is reimbursed the petty cash
balance will be restored to the amount predetermined as float
3. Petty cash book
3. Recording from the petty cash book
At the end of the period, a journal entry for payments is made. For the
purpose of making this journal entry, the totals of the various columns
are used. The amounts are recorded in the respective ledger accounts
with the help of this entry.
Alternatively, amounts may be recorded in the respective ledger
accounts directly from the total column. The respective account is
debited and the petty cash account is credited. When reimbursement is
received, the petty cash account is debited and the cash account is
credited.
3. Review questions
Question 1
Tim, owns a diner on the interstate freeway. As he gets diners around
the clock he deposits cash every evening at five, just before the bank
closes for business. Last night, he deposited Tshs3,120. How would Tim
record this transaction in his cash book?
A. Debit Bank; Credit Cash
B. Debit Bank; Credit Bank ( )
C. Debit Cash; Credit Bank
D. Debit Cash; Credit Cash
3. Review questions
Question 2
Prepare a two column cash book from the following transactions:
Details Amount
Business commenced with cash 45,000
Goods purchased from John and paid by cheque 5,000
Goods sold for cash 2,000
Cheque received from Dolly & Co 8,000
Cash received deposited into bank 8,000
Salaries paid through cheque 500
Sales to CC& Co and amount received through cheque which is deposited in bank on the same day 1,500
Cash with drawn form bank 2,000
Sundry expenses paid in cash 200
Review questions
Question 3
Dunia Manoti is a sole proprietor who started his business six months ago.
The following are his transactions for the month of July 2015.
July 1 Cash in hand Tshs600,000 and cash at bank Tshs9,670,000.
July 2 Received cash from Samuel Tshs1,900,000 and allowed discount of
Tsh100,000.
July 4 Paid Jazar by cheque Tshs800,000 and received discount of Tshs30,000.
July 6 Purchased Goods and paid by cheque Tshs2,100,000.
July 8 Deposited with bank Tshs2,100,000.
July 10 Sold goods to Anita on credit Tshs1,100,000
July 12 Sold goods & received payment by cheque Tshs900,000
Review questions
July 15 Received a cheque from Anita in full settlement of his account Tshs1,050,000.
July 17 Withdrawn from bank for office use Tshs900,000.
July 19 Purchased goods from K & Co.Tsh3,000,000 Paid K & Co. by cheque Tshs2,900,000 and
discount received Tshs100,000.
July 20 Paid telephone charges by cash Tshs100,000.
July 23 Paid Kimwaki by cheque Tshs684,000 and received discount of Tshs16,000.
July 24 Cash sales 1,900,000
July 26 Received cheque from Antony and sent to the bank Tsh480,000 and allowed discount of
Tshs20,000.
July 27 Purchased a new machinery for office use by cheque Tshs4,000,000
July 28 Bank intimated that Antony’s cheque has been dishonored Tshs480,000
July 31 Deposited with bank Tshs600,000
July 31 Bank charges as shown in the pass book Tshs26,000.
Review questions
REQUIRED:
Prepare a three columnar Cash Book for the month of July 2015.
Review questions
Question 4.
Anna is looking after the petty cash system of Choice Ltd. At the beginning of
January, she was given Tshs250,000 for petty cash. Out of this amount she
spent Tshs153,000 during the month. It is the policy of Choice Ltd that the
petty cash balance should be maintained at Tshs250,000. What amount
should be reimbursed to her so that her petty cash balance can be restored
to Tshs250,000?
A. Tshs153,000
B. Tshs250,000
C. Tshs97,000
D. None of the above
Review questions
Question 5
Which one of the following is incorrect?
A. The petty cash book can be maintained on imprest as well as non-
imprest systems.
B. Maintaining the petty cash book enables the petty cashier to
control the physical cash.
C. A petty cash book is maintained so as to separate the task of
making small payments.
D. Petty cash transactions are significantly big transactions which
require a separate book
Review questions
Question 6
While deciding on the petty cash float, which of the following should
be considered?
A. It should be enough to cover average expenditure during the
period.
B. It should be as low as possible.
C. Reimbursement / availability of cash to cover costs in emergencies.
D. All of the above
Review questions
Question 7
Furaha Co. Ltd operates its petty cash account on the imprest system. It
is maintained at a figure of Tshs1,800,000 on a monthly basis. During
the month ending 31 July 2011, the following petty cash transactions
took place:
Date Petty Cash inflows and outflows during the month Amount in Tshs
July 1 Cash received from cashier 1,800,000
July 2 Boat fare – 4 trips for 3 officers. Ticket price is Tshs.10,000 per trip 120,000
July 2 Counter books 50,000
July 3 Drawing pins 60,000
Review questions
Date Petty Cash inflows and outflows during the month Amount in Tshs
July 07 Photocopy paper 150,000
July 09 Trade journals 80,000
July 12 Bus fare 45,000
July 14 Correction fluid 20,000
July 17 Typewriter ribbons 29,000
July 18 Paper clips 10,000
July 19 Photocopier repairs 250,000
July 22 Newspaper 70,000
July 22 Parcel postage 68,000
July 25 Marker pens 95,000
July 26 Train fare – 2 trips 1 officer, Tshs.20,000 per trip 40,000
July 27 Display decorations 86,000
Review questions
Date Petty Cash inflows and outflows during the month Amount in Tsh
Required:
Prepare a three column cash book and other related ledger accounts.
Question 10.
The cash book for a pine furniture shop from the following details:
January 1, 2018 Started in business with capital in cash Tsh1,000,000.
January 2, 2018 Paid rent by cash Tsh230,000.
January 3, 2018 G Broad lent us Tsh2,000,000, paid by cheque.
January 4, 2018 We paid J Fine by cheque Tsh860,000.
January 5, 2018 cash sales 180,000.
January 7, 2018 F Love paid us by cheque Tsh34,000.
Review questions
January 9, 2018 We paid A Moore in cash Tsh92,000.
January 11, 2018 Cash sales paid direct into the bank Tsh151,000.
January 15, 2018 P Hood paid us in cash Tsh96,000.
January 16, 2018 We took Tsh100,000 out of the cash till and paid into the
bank account.
January 19, 2018 We repaid R onions Tsh500,000 by cheque.
January 22, 2018 Cash sales paid direct into the bank Tsh122,000.
January 26, 2018 Paid motor expenses by cheque Tsh75,000.
January 30, 2018 Withdrew Tsh200,000 cash from the bank for business use.
Review questions
January 31, 2018 Paid wages in cash Tsh320,000.
Required:
Prepare a two cash column cash for a pine Shop during the month of
January 2018.