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    Hormones

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    yali33950
    The hormone system (endocrine system) is made up of glands that produce hormones. These hormones travel through the blood to control body functions like growth, metabolism, and mood. Key glands include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Hormones act as messengers, sending signals to organs to regulate processes like energy use and stress response. The body adjusts hormone levels through a feedback system to maintain balance

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    Hormones

    Uploaded by

    yali33950
    2 views2 pages
    The hormone system (endocrine system) is made up of glands that produce hormones. These hormones travel through the blood to control body functions like growth, metabolism, and mood. Key glands include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Hormones act as messengers, sending signals to organs to regulate processes like energy use and stress response. The body adjusts hormone levels through a feedback system to maintain balance

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    The hormone system (endocrine system) is made up of glands that produce hormones. These hormones travel through the blood to control body functions like growth, metabolism, and mood. Key glands include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Hormones act as messengers, sending signals to organs to regulate processes like energy use and stress response. The body adjusts hormone levels through a feedback system to maintain balance

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2 views2 pages

    Hormones

    Uploaded by

    yali33950
    The hormone system (endocrine system) is made up of glands that produce hormones. These hormones travel through the blood to control body functions like growth, metabolism, and mood. Key glands include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Hormones act as messengers, sending signals to organs to regulate processes like energy use and stress response. The body adjusts hormone levels through a feedback system to maintain balance

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    Hormones

    Hormones are special signal-carrying substances secreted by the


    glands of the endocrine system.

     They are organic molecules.


     They are transported to target organs through the bloodstream.
     Their effects are slow but long-lasting.
     They can be secreted by both endocrine and mixed glands
    (glands that secrete both hormones and enzymes).

    Endocrine Glands
    Endocrine glands secrete only hormones, including the pituitary,
    hypothalamus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, and more.

     Mixed Glands: These secrete both enzymes and hormones (e.g.,


    pancreas, stomach, liver).
     Endocrine Glands: These secrete only hormones (e.g., pituitary,
    thyroid).
     Exocrine Glands: These secrete enzymes outside the body (e.g.,
    salivary glands).

    Hormone secretion is triggered by:

    1. Environmental changes affecting the organism.


    2. Changes in hormone levels that regulate other glands.
    3. Changes in various blood substances.
    4. Nervous system influence on glands.

    Pituitary Gland Hormones


    The pituitary gland, located in the brain, is controlled by the
    hypothalamus. It has two lobes: anterior and posterior.

     Anterior Lobe Hormones:


    o Growth Hormone (GH): Stimulates body growth and
    bone development.
    o Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Regulates thyroid
    gland activity.
    o Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Stimulates the
    adrenal cortex.
    o Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Stimulates ovarian
    and testicular function.
    o Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Regulates ovulation in
    females and testosterone secretion in males.
    o Prolactin (PRL): Stimulates milk production in breasts.
    o Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH): Controls
    pigmentation in the skin.
     Posterior Lobe Hormones:
    o Oxytocin: Stimulates uterine contractions and milk release.
    o Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH): Regulates water balance
    in the kidneys.

    Functions of Hormones

     Growth Hormone (GH): Regulates overall body growth, with


    imbalances causing dwarfism (low secretion) or gigantism (high
    secretion).
     Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Affects thyroid
    function and hormone secretion.
     ACTH: Stimulates the adrenal glands to release hormones.
     FSH & LH: Regulate reproduction in males and females,
    influencing egg and sperm production.
     Prolactin (PRL): Promotes milk production post childbirth.
     Oxytocin: Facilitates childbirth and breastfeeding.
     ADH: Maintains water balance by controlling kidney
    reabsorption.

    Each of these hormones plays a crucial role in regulating various


    bodily functions, from growth and reproduction to water balance and
    skin pigmentation.

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