RATE MEASURE 10. it \ =ds/dtis the rate of change of distance s and is called velocity The rate of change in velocity is called the acceleration of the particle at ‘t’ and is denoted bya dt 4[4] 7 (x) then dy/dx is the rate of change of y w.rt. x. Circle: Ifris the radius, p is perimeter (circumference) and A is the area ofa circle then i) p=2nr ii) sear Cube : ifs isthe side, Sis the surface area and V is the volume of a cube then S=68 Vax? Sphere : If is the radius, S is the surface area V is the volume ofasphere then - 4 S=4ur 4 =u Cylinder : If ris the radius (of cross section) h is the height, Listhe lateral surface area, S is the to! surface area, V is the volume of a (right circular) then Cone ; Ifris the base radius, h is the height, | is the slant height, 9 is the semi wertical angle, a & the vertical angle L isthe lateral surface area, S is the total surface area and Vis the volume a (right circular) cone then 2 r ) Pap epe ii) tanO=7 iii) a = 20 iv) L=nrl > wt le ¥) Ssnrltar VV =snrh Total Cost =variable cost +fixed cost Marginal cost =differentiation of Total cos wart. quantity Total Revenue = Price x Quantity Marginal Revenue Differentiation of Total Revenue w.tt. quantityL. Find ay and dy for the following functions for the values of x and Ax which are shown against each of the functions. (Mar. "11, 05) (Mar-2020 (AP)) x74+3x46,x=10,Ax=0.01 Ay = Foc + Ax) — fx) = (x + Ax)? + B(x + Ax) + 6 — (x? + 3x +6) i) Sol. = xt + (Ax)! 4 OxAx + Bx + Ax + 6—x? —8x-6 = Ax(Ax + 2x +3) = 0.01 (0.01 +2043) =0.01 (23.01) =0.2301 dy = f'(x) Ax = (2x +3) Ax = (20 + 3) (0,01) = 23(0.01) =0.23 ii) y=et+x,x=5 and Ax=04 Sol. Ay =f + Ax) - fx) = (e+ + Ax) - (et +x) Fett +t Ax- otk =ele*- 1J+ax =elfe™ -1]+0,02 Pax). AX = [et + 1ax = (e+ 1)(0.09) y= Ox" 6x + 6,x=2and Ax=0.001 (Mar-16 (AP)(Mar-2020 (TS)) Ay = fix + Ax) - fox) = Bl + Ax]? + Glx + Ax] +6 - (5x? 4+ 6x + 6] = Bx? + 5Ax* + 10x,AN + 6x + 6x +6 -5x!- 6x6 iii) Sol. = Ax[5Ax + 10x + 6] =0.001[5(0.001) + 10(2) + 6) = 0,001[0.005 + 20 + 6) =0.001[26.005) 026005 dy = f'(x).Ax = (10x + 6)Ax = (10(2) + 6)0.001 = 0.026 iv) y — +x=8 and Ax = 0.02 Sol. Ay = f(x+Ax)- f(x) 1 1 X4AN+2 0 x42 _ (e+ 2)- (e+ Ax +2) (x + Ax + 2)(e +3) _ ~Ax ~ (e+ Ax + 2)x +3) _ ~0.02 * (8+0.02+2)(8 +3) ~0.02 10(10.02) -0.02 100.2 =-0,0001996 "(xpd Ax (x +2) ie Too (0.02) - 0.0002 vy) y=cosx, x= 60" and Ax = 1° Ay = fx + Ax)- fix) = cos(x + Ax) - cosx " " ~ con 61") -€08 60° = 0.4848 - 0.5 As 0.0152 cos 61° =0.4848ay=Co0.8x = Csinax = sin 604.1" = -(0,866).(0.0175) =-0,01516 Sol. Let f@) = yx = X*, x= 8, Ax=- 0.2 Approximate value f(x + 8x) = f(x) + F(x) ax 4 IL axotgx 7 AR 1. Find the approximations of the follow- ing. (march-13) = y 82 Sol. Let fix) = yx .x= 81, Ax=1 o2 Approximate value f(x + Ax) = f(x) + £'(X).0% =8- lB lee = ve ide AK =2 = ist = 2-0.0166 ; wat = 1.9834 =9+ 5 v) sin 62° 18 Sol. Let f(x) =sinx, x= 60°, 9+ (0.0555) x = 9.056 Ax Fao 7 200.0175) = 0.085 ii) Yes Approximate value fix + Ax) = f(x) +1'().A" Sol, Let f(x) = YX =x!" = sin x + cos x.Ax x= 64, Ax=1 Approximate value f{x+Ax) = f(x) +f'(0).Ax : 2 = x4 ox Ax 3 = (64) +B 7 (64) 1 24495 = 440.0208 4.0208 ii) (25.001 Sol. tet fix)= VK .x Ajproximate value f(x = xt 2 2, 15, Ax = 0.001 = sin 60° + cos 60°(0,035) UE Bioces = 5 tz10.036 = 0.866 + 0.0175 0.8835 “ vi) 048 (G0? 5") Sol. f(x) =cos x (0.0175) = 0.00146 Approximate value + Ax) = Mx) + Mx).Ax a # As) = PAK + P00 AX = cos x + sin x.Ax RR= tos 60° — sin GOP. Ax = 4- Boos) 2 =0.5 - (0.866)(0.00146) = (ha - 000126 = 0.4987 vid 417 Sol. Let fix) = Vx = x=16, Ax=1 Approximate value fox + Ax) = fon) + FO0.AN = AX = (16)"+ >.) 4.(16)/ 9 f ~*" 32 = 240.03125 2.03125 2. Ifthe increase in the side of a square is 4%. Then find the approximate percentage of increase in the aren of the square, Let's’ be the side and 'A’ be the area of square Ass log A=2log x Sol. = 240 3. ‘The radius of sphere is measured as 14 cm, Later it was found that there is an error 0.02 cm is measuring the radius, Find the approximate error in surface area of the sphere, Let 'r! be the radiu area Sol. and 'S' be the surface Lr=idem Ar=0.02 em Sar.vr = Bm 14).10.02) 112 (0.02) = 112 x > x4.02) = 16x 22% 0.02 = 7.04 sq.em 4, The diameter of a sphere is measured to be 40 em. Ian error of 0.02 em is made in it, then find the approximate errors in volume and surface area of the sphere. Sol. Let'x’ he the diameter #=40em Ax = 0.02 em Lot V = er* = x(1600)(0.01) = 16m cu.em. Let 'S' be the surface aren S= dar’ diff AS = n2x.Ax = #.2(40)(0.02) = 16r sqem 5. The time 't’ of a complete oscillation of a simple pendulum of length is given ir Ve constant. Find the approximate percent- by t = 2n,/— where g is gravitational age of error int when the percentage of Jt. MATHEMATICS - 1B onSol. Sol. Sol. = 37g 0.00146) =0.5 - (0.866)(0.00146) 0.5 - 0.00126 0.4987 7 Let f(x) = Vx =x" x=16, Ax=1 Approximate value f(x + Ax) = flex) + £"G0).Ax 1 "4 oe “Ax k (16+ ae" a) ae 32 t = 2+0.03125 2.03125 If the increase in the side of a square is 4%. Then find the approximate percentage of increase in the area of the square. Let 'x' be the side ant A=x log A = 2log x k be the area of square taas2tox A x AA SS «100 AX 100 A (4) =8 The radius of sphere is measured as 14 cm. Later it was found that there is an error 0.02 cm is measuring the radius. Find the approximate error in surface area of the sphere. Let 'r' be the radius and 'S' be the surface area “r=l4em Ar=0.02cm S=4nr* 4. Sol. 5. ign Ue) 22 = 112 x > x (0.02) 112 7 (0.02) = 16x 22x 0.02 = 7.04 sq.em ‘The diameter of a sphere is measured to be 40 cm. Ifan error of 0.02 emis made in it, then find the approximate errors in volume and surface area of the sphere. Let 'x' be the diameter x= 40cm Ax = 0.02 cm Let V=ar! AV = © 3x%.Ax 6 1 -3 (40). (0.02) pala = 7(1600)(0.01) = 16m cu.cm. Let 'S' be the surface area S = 4nr* An(xl2? S=m? diff AS ~ n2x.Ax = m,2(40)(0.02) = L6n sq.cm The time 't' of a complete oscillation of a simple pendulum of length / is given 1 by t= aft where g is gravitational constant. Find the approximate percent- age of error in t when the percentage oferror in / is 1%. Given = *100=1......... (1) [= Zs .g.t? Take log on the both sides 4n? log !=log| : 7] + loa) + 2logt 4x? diff w.r.t. ‘1! Al — -~o+0+2,4t i t Al «100 = 2« x 100 tae theo t 1 = «100 = ; 1 .. Percentage error in t= > coIn(1+ x)~x (+x)? ind + x0P <° «. f() is decreasing in (0, «) 7. Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = x*- 3x2 +4 is strictly increasing for all xe R. I. Let fis) =x! 3x8 +4 P(x) = 8x? - 6x f(x) is increasing if f(x) > 0 3x*- 6x >0. x*-2x>0 x(x -2)>0 xe (0) U (0) 8. Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = sin‘x + cos'x Vx ¢ [0, 2/2] is in- creasing and decreasing. ‘ol. Let fix) = sinx + cos! x F'Gx) = 4 sin*x.cos x - 4 cos" x.sin x £"(x) = 4 sin x cos x(sin?x - costx) = -2.2 sin x cos x(cos*x - sin? x) 2.sin 2x.cos 2x = -sin 4x f(x) is increasing if {"(x)>0 -sin dx >0 sin 4x <0 n<4x<2n z x 4 <¥<2 mn tt) x (2.3) f(x) is decreasing if f(x) <0 -sin 4x <0 sin 4x >0 O<4x0 minimum at x =0 and the local mini- £0) =0 sin x, [0, 4x) mum ii) f(x) Sol. ximum (or) minimum f"(x) = 0 cos x= 0 _& 3x Sa 7 2°2°2’2 > (4) = sing =-1<0 At 5+ (3) is maximum and the local A 5 Sn f(x) is maximum at x= “9 and(5x) Max, value=£| | «da(®) = sin (5 Tn f(x) is minimum at x = 2 and local min. value = if 72) _ 7K = sin 2 =-1. iii) (x) =x?- 6x? + 9x +15 Vx eR Sol. Differentiating w.r.t x f(x) = Bx*— 12x +9 Again Differentiating w.r.t x £"(x) = 6x — 12 for maximum (or) minimum valuef'(x) = 0 => 3x*- 12x +9=0 (1) =6-12<0 = f(x) is maximum at x = 1 ¢. local maximum value = {(1) =1-6+9+15=19 £"(3) = 18-12>0 = f(x) is minimum at x = 3 £(3)=3°- 6(8)! + 9(3) +15 +. local minimum value = £(3 iv) f(x) = xJ(1-x) vx < (0,1) Sol. Let f(x) =x JI-x Differentiating w.r.tx x(-1) 2h 5h 24 +15 15 >f's) = 74g t+ Vex =ae + ex x +2(1-x) ~ 2fl-x vy) Sol. 2-3x ~ afi-x Again Differentiating w.r.t x -1 Jt =x (-8)-(2 - 3x) 2 2. x (-3)-¢ x) [as] (2J1- x? fix -4+84) f(x) = 3x-4 = 4-x)? 2J1-x xy for minimum or maximum value f"(x) = 0 => 2-8x=0 -2 =x=5 3(3)-4 a8) -g =r(§)- (1-3) =3 °° 3. 2 => f(x) is maximum at x = local maximum value = f —e 1 f(x) = Greg VEER = x42 Differentiating w.r.t x Let f(x) = -2x =!) = GOP Again Differentiating w.r.t x -2x" -8- 8x" + 8x! +16x* =f") = 5 (x? +2)" _ 6x! +8x"-8 (x? + 2)* for maximum or minimum value f'(x) = 0 2x —*=0 > oP =>x=0vi) Sol. vii) Sol. 0+0-8 £= "Ora <0 => fis maximum at x =0 1 *. local maximum value = f(0) = 2 f(x) =x°- 3x Vx ER Let f(x) = x" — 3x Differentiating w.r.t x =f") = 8x'— 3. Again diff wrt x = 1") = 6x for maximum of minimum value "(x) = 0 => 8x*-3=0 =>x'-1=0 =x=1 =>x=41 £"(1) = 6 > 0 = f(x) is minimum at x = 1 local minimum value = (1) =1-3= £"-1)=-6<0 = f(x) is maximum at x =-1 local maximum value = {(-1) =-1 +3 f(x) = (x- 1) (x +2)? Vx ER Differentiating w.r.t x =f") = (K+ 28+ Ax +2) &K—D) = (x +2) (x+2+2x—2) Again Differentiating w.r.t x => £"(x) = 6x +6 for maximum or minimum value f"(x) = 0 = (x +2) (8x) =0 >x=0,x=2 £"(0)=6>0 => f(x) is minimum at x = 0 -. minimum value is f(0) =—4 £"(-2)=-6 <0 viii) Sol. ix) Sol. sepreeweeeve ve oe => f(x) is maximum at x = local maximum value is f(-2) =(2-1)(-242)'=0 z,2 f(x) = aS Vx © (0, 0) Let = X42 Differentiating w.r.t x 1 2 SP@=5-a Again Differentiating w.r.t x 7 4 af) = for maximum or minimum value f'(x) = 0 12 =o°3° 12 72x =xwa4d =>x=2 (- x>0) "@=—>0 fis minimum at x = 2 a 5 2 +. local minimum value is 2) = 5 =1+1=2 f(x) = (x -1)8 (x + 1)? Vx ¢ R Let f(x) = (x — 1) (x + 1)? Differentiating w.r.t x = f(s) = Boe — 1)? (& + = 2K + Oe 1) = (x-1)" (K+ 1) L3x—3- 2x42] (x- 1? & +1) 6x+) => Again Differentiating w.r.t x £°(x) = = 2(K — 1)(x + 1)(5x + 1) — (x — 1)* (5x + 1) — (x — 1)? (x + 1)(6) for maximum or minimum value f(x) =0 => K- 1) (x + (Gx +1) =0x) Sol. = f(x) has neither minimum nor maximum = f"C1)=16>0 = f(x) has minimum at x =—1 and the local minimum value = 0 -1) f ( 5) f(x) has Maximum value at x = 5 and the ayy ye local maximum value= -(=4-1) (+1 5 JAG _ 3456 ~ 3125 f(x) = xt e* Vx « R £00) = x°e™ P(x) = x.e.3 +e 2x = e*(3x? + 2x) (Bx +2) + 3e™(3x? + 2x) = e*(Ox? + 12x + 2) For max. (or) minimum f'(x) = 0 ex" + 2x) =0 f"(x) 3x? + 2x = x(3x + 2)=0 =o =e x=0 (or) x 3 £0) =e%(0+0+2)=2>0 Oand £(0) =0 *, f(x) is minimum at local minimum value */o(2) -1o(2)-9| =e%(4-8+2)=-2e7<0 +. f() is maximum at x = — and the local -2 maximum value = (2) Prove that the following functions do not have absolute maximum and abso- i) Sol. ii) Sol. iii) Sol. ii) Sol. lute minimum. einR Let f(x) =e" Differentiating w.r.t x => f(x) =e for maximum or minimum value f') =0 =>e=0 But there is no x € R, so e* do not have maxima or minima logx in (0, ~) Jet f(x) = log x Differentiating w.r.t x =fe=2 for maximum or minimum value f(x) =0 But there isnox eR so log x do not have maxima or minima x+xt+xt+1inR Differentiating w.r.t x f(x) = 3x2 + 2x +1 consider A = b’— 4ac = 4-4(3) (1) <0 = f'(x) has complex roots so it has no maxima or minima . Find the absolute maximum value an the absolute minimum value of the fo lowing functions in the given interval f(x) = x? on [-2, 2] . Differentiating w.r.t x f(x) = 8x2 >0.V x € [-2, 2] = fOs) is an increasing function , Absolute minimum value = f(-2) = - Absolute maximum value f(x) = (x- 1)? +3 on F8, 1] Differentiating w.r.t x f(x) = 2(x-1) <0 xe [-3, 1] f(x) is decreasing function ». Absolute minimum value = f(1) =(1-1°+3=3 *. Absolute maximum value = f(—3)Application of derivatives 1) $ fi) f(x) =2 |x] on [-1, 6] Sol. Let f(x) =2)x| M"(%) = 2, ifx>0 =-2ifx<0 - when x [0, 6], f(x) is increasing when x¢ [-1, 0], f(x) is decreasing C1) = 26-1) =2 £(0) = 0 £6) = 12, °. f(s) is minimum at x = 0, and Absolute minimum value = {(0) = 2(0)=0 f(x) is maximum at x = 6 and Absolute maximum value = 12 ) f(x) =sin x + cos x on [0, x] el. Differentiating w.r.t x f(x) = cos x —sin x for maximum or minimum values f(x) =0 cos x —sin x =0 cos, in x tanx=1 x } fm) =0-1=-1 | Absolute minimum value = f(t) =—1 ij + Absolute maximum value= f] f(x) =x + sin 2x on [0, x] |. Differentiating w.r.tx | f'@)=142 cos 2x | for maximum or minimum value {'(x) = 0 => 2cos 2x+1=0 Sol. Sol. £(0)=0+0=0 fn i(3)- . x Absolute maximum value =(3] Use the first derivative test to find lo- cal extreme of f(x) = x*- 12x on R. Given f(x) = x*- 12x f(x) = Bx*- 12 At stationary point f(x) =0 3x*-12=0 First derivative test at x =-2 f2.1 12-1250 £1. 9) = 3¢-1.9)?- 12<0 point of local maximum x= and local maximum = (-2)*- 12(-2) =-8+24=16 rst derivative test at x =2 £(1.9) = 3(.9- 12<0 P2.1)=3(2.1)*- 1250 * point of local minimum x = 2 and local minimum = (2)" - 12(2) =8-24=-16 Use the first derivative test to find lo- cal extrema of f(x) = x? - 6x +8 on R. Given f(x) 6x+8 £'(%) = 2x -6 At stationary point f(x) =0 2x-6=0Sol. Sol. x First derivative test at x=3 £(2.9) = 22.9) -6 <0 £(3.1) = 28.1) -6>0 f(x) has local minimum at x = 3 and local minimum = (3)? - 6(3) + 8 =9-18+8 1 Use the second derivative test to find local extrema of the function f(x) = x*- 9x?- 48x + 72 on R. f(x) = x? - 9x? -48x + 72 f(x) = Bx? - 18x - 48 £"(x) = 6x- 18 For max. (or) min. f@)=0 3x? - 18x - 48=0 x! - 6x-16=0 (x- 8)(x+2)=0 2 (or) 8 Atx=-2 £"(-2) = 6(-2) - 18 =-30<0 +, f(x) has local max. at x = -2 and the local max. value f(-2) = (-2)"- 9(-2)* - 48(-2) +72 8-36+96+72 = 168 - 44= 124 At x=8 £'(8) = 6(8) - 18 =30>0 . f(x) has local min. at x = 8, local minimum = (8)* - 9(8)* - 48(8) + 72 12 - 576 - 384 + 72 =-376 Use the second derivative test to find local extrema of the function f(x) =— x2 + 12x"-5 on R. Given f() fx) P(x) = -6x + 24 For max. (or) min f(x) =0 -8x? + 24x =0 -8x=0 x=0(or) 8 Atx=0 (0) =-0 + 24= 24>0 «. f(x) has local minimum at x =0 local minimum = 0+ 0-5 24<0 . f(x) has local maximum at x= 8 local maximum = -(8)" + 12(8) - 5 251. 6. Find local maximum or local minimum of f(x) =-sin 2x- x defined on [ 2,3] Sol. Given f(x) =-sin 2x-x f'(x) = -2 cos 2x - 1 £"~%) sin 2x For max (or) min {"(x) = 0 -2cos 2x-1=0 cos 2x In the interval [= 3) } asl) =-4sin (1209) —, = 3 0 ~ 2 “x f(x) has local max at x= = and ~ in(72")_(=2 local max= sn )-(2) 3 3(3) =4 sin (1209) = 4v3 ao> 2 0 *. f(x) has local min at x = ela local min = sin 120° = _ 23 8 ~"2 3 7. Find the absolute maximum and abso- lute minimum of f(x) = 2x' - 3x? - 36x + 2 on the interval [0, 5]. nL. fx) = 2x" - Bx?- BEX + 2 f(x) = 6x? - 6x- 36 f(~) =0 6x? - 6x - 36 =0 xt-x-6=0 (x - 3) (x+2)=0 x=-2(or)3 -2¢ [0,5] 54-27-108+2 79 250 - 75 - 180 + 2 3 ’. Absolute max = 2 Absolute min = -79 8. Find the absolute extremum of 2 f(x) = 4x - = on [- 3] 2 Lf) = ax. 7 f(Qxy=4-x But f(x) =0 4-x 4 (27 2 )-8)-2 £(-2) = 4(-2) - -10 Sol. 10. Sol. = 15-81 _ 68 8 8 (4) = 16-8=8 «. Absolute max = 8 Absolute min =-10. Find the maximum profit that a com- pany can make, if the profit function is given by P(x) =-41 + 72x -18x*, Given P(x) =-41 + 72x - 18x? P(x) = 72 - 36x P%(x) = -36 For max. profit P(x) =0 72- 36x =0 x=2 At x=2 P*2) = -36<0 *. The profit P(x) is maximum x= 2 -. The maximum profit P(2) = -41 + 72(2) - 18(2)* =-41 4144-72 = 144-113 31 The profit function P(x) of a company selling x items is given by P(x) =- x? + 9x? - 15x - 13 where x represents thou- sands of units. Find the absolute maxi- mum profit if the company can manu- facture a maximum of 6000 units. P(x) = -x! + 9x? - 15x - 13 P(x) = -Bx? + 18x - 15 P'(x) = -6x +18 For max. profit P'() = 0 “Sx? + 18x - 15 =0 Given, x?-6x+5=0 xX=1(0r)5 Atx=1 P\(1)=-6+18=12>0 => PGs) is min. at x=1 Atx=5 PNG) =- 6(5) +18 =-12<0 :. Profit is maximum when x and max. profit = -125 + 225 2 =18Sol. Sol. . The profit function P(x) of a company selling x items per day is given by P(x) = (150- x) x- 1000. Find the number of items that the company should manufacture to get maximum profit. Also find the maximum profit. Given profit function is P(x) = (180 - x)x - 1000 P(x) = (150 - x).1 + x1) = 150 - 2x P(x) = -2 For max. profit P'(x) = 150 - 2x x= The number of items is P"(75) =-2.<0 => P(x) is max. at x= 75 And max. profit = (150 - 75)75 - 1000 = 75(76) - 1000 = 4625 . Find the absolute maximum and abso- lute minimum of f(x) = 8x' + 81x’ - 42x-8 on [-8, 2]. Given f(x) = 8x" + 81x? - 42x - 8 f(x) = 24x? + 162x - 42 For max (or) min f'(x)=0 24x? + 162x - 42=0 12x? + 81x - 21=0 12x? + 84x - 3x -21=0 12x(x +7) - 3K +7) =0 (12x - 8) (x +7) =0 x=-7 (or) V4 £(-8) = 8(-8)° + 81(-8)? - 42(-8) - 8 4096 + 5184 + 336-8 1416 (-7)° + 81(-7)?- 42-7) - 8 2744 + 3969 + 294 - 8 =1511 -9(@) (3) -#(2)- 4 A, 81 8 16 4 2481-168 ~128 16 Sol. Sol. -213 “16— f(2) = 8(2)" + 81(2)? - 42(2)-8 =64+324- 84-8 = 296 *. Absolute maximum = 1511 213 Absolute minimum 76 . Find two positive integers whose sum is 16 and the sum of whose squares is minimum. Let 'x' and 'y' be the numbers xty=16 = 16 -X serene C1) Given f(x) =x¢+y* x? + (16 - x)! =x! +256 + x? - 32x = Ox? - 38x + 256 £'(x) = 4x32 £'@) = 4x-32=0 x=8 Pe=4 At x=8, £(8)=4>0 . f(s) is minimum when x = 8 y= 16-x 16-8 =8 -. The two numbers are 8, 8 |. Find two positive integers x and y suai that x + y = 60 and xy’ is maximum Given that x + y = 60 y=60-x Let P= xy? p=x(60—x)* Differentiating w.r.t ‘x dp de 7 3160 —¥)*-1) + (60-1 ‘3x (G0 — x) + (60 — x)” = (60 — x)" [-3x + 60 —x] = (60 —x)? (60 - 4x)aL. Application of derivatives SP «460-0: ax 7 4(60—x)*(15-x) ——>(1) Again Differentiating w.r.t‘x’ & 4[(60 — x)? (-1) + (15 =x). 2(60 — x) (-1)] = 4(60 ~ x) [-60 + x— 30 + 2x] (60 — x) (3x — 90) = 12 (60 —x) (x30) For maximum (or) minimum = 4(60—x)* (15-x) =0 = 60-x=0(0r) 15-x=0 => x= 60 or) x=15 x can not be 60 15 = y=60-x=60-15=45 dp > lat = 12(60 — 15) (15-30) <0 koe = 15) 2. Pis maximum . The required numbers are 15, 45 Froma rectangular sheet of dimensions 30cm x 80 cm four equal squares of side x em are removed at the corners and the sides are then turned up so as to form an open rectangular box. Find the value of x, so that the volume of the box is greatest. (Mar-16 (AP) (Mar-2020 (TS)) Initial dimensions of rectangular sheet is 30cm x 80 em Side of the square removed = x cm Volume of the box after removing the squares 1 = 80 - 2x, b = 30 -2x,h=x V=(80— 2x) (30 — 2x)x = (80 - 2x) (30x ~ 2x") 4x! — 20x? + 2400x [-_——— ” (80 - 2x) Differentiating w.r.t'x’ a aes = G& = 12x" 440x + 2400 — (1) Again Differentiating w.r.t'’ 2 = 24x — 440 — (2) dv for maximum value —— dx => 12x — 440x + 240 3x*~ 10x + 600 = => (3x — 20) (x 30) = 0 20 . = x= “>. X= 30s not possible (20 [| -440= 160 - 440<0 » 20 -. f(x) is maximum at x = 3 20 so value of x = A window is in the shape of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircle. If the pe- rimeter of the window be 20ft find the maximum area. |. Let 2x be the length, y be the breadth of a surmounted by a semicircle of ra- Given that the Perimeter of the semicircle is 20ft => Ox + Qy + ar = 20 = 2y = 20- 2x — ne 20 -2x-onr == =y 1 y Total area (A) = 2xy + 5 nr? 1 = Qxy + 2™ . (20-2x-nr) 1 = oy 2072 - ar 7 = tom =x(20-2x-ax)+ x?Sol. Differentiating w.r.t ‘x’ & = 20-4: nx + Gye 720 4x — 2x + ax = 20 — 4x — ax — (1) Again Differentiating w.r.t'x” PA ge TAt-<0—@) . Ais maximum for a maximum value f'(x) = dA > Hx =0 = 20 -4x—mx=0 20. SES Gan 99 - 40. _ 20% mys mt+4 x44 2 20x +8 20 = ae Maximum area -1( =a} Gera) 3G (J @-3) wear") 200° Sata 20) 4) sq. units 7. If that curved surface of a right circu- lar a cylinder is inscribed in a sphere of radius r is maximum, show that the height of the cylinder is V2 r. (Mar-13) (Mar. '11,'08, 04, June 04),(Mar-16 (TS) Let r be the radius, h be the height of the cylinder, incribed in a sphere of radius R. from the figure AABC = AC?= AB + BC? Sol. awewr(3) h t= R?- —- =r 7 Surface area = S=2nrh => S? = 49° r’h* =S= tow “) h') £0) =$¢= 49! [RW | Differentiating w.r.t‘h’ = f'(h) = 4r? @R¢h — h) — (1) Again Differentiating w.r.t ‘h’ => f"(h) = 4n*[2R — 3h"] — (2) for maximum or minimum value f'(h) = 0 = 4n°(2R*h -h’) = 0 = 2R*—h?=0 (h#0) => h?=2R? =h=J9R = f"( 9 R) = 4? [2R®- 6R’] <0 » f(h) is maximum ath = J2R ~, Surface area is maximum at h = V2 F . Awire of length is! is cut into two pe which are bent respectively in the fo-= of a square and a circle. what are lengths of the piece of the wire so === the sum of the areas is the least. ‘The length of the wire/ is bent in su> - "= that ‘The perimeter of the square 4y=l-x (l-x) AC ak =y The Perimeter of the x circle 2nr =x => r= 57 2n—_—_—_—_—_ The sum of the areas of the square and a circ] is y?+ nr? i- y x } ={—*] +2{2 4 2n = Oa 16 4n Differentiating w.r.t. ‘x’ dA _-2U1~x) 2x 8‘ dx 16 an Again Differentiating w.r @WA 2 2 saz t+— > 0 __ > ax 16 an @ -. Ais minimum for minimum value ag Ho = 4x=al—nx >x(1+4) =n nl a+4 =>x= xl n+4 nl + 4/~ xl n+4 Sl-x= L The side of the Square is pag 2nd radius of 1 the Circle is 2Q(n+4)- Sum of the areas is least when the length of the wire bent as a square is and asa L mt+4 circle is : n+4