Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 12 views

    Lecture 3 Definitions and relations

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Mahmoud

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lecture 3 Definitions and relations

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Mahmoud
    12 views26 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views26 pages

    Lecture 3 Definitions and relations

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Mahmoud

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 26

    Soil Mechanics (1) - CIV 262

    Lecture 3

    DEFINITIONS AND RELATIONS

    By
    Dr. Dalia Bahaa Hamdy
    Associate Professor Of Geotechnical Engineering, Civil
    Engineering Dep., Badr Univ.
    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    Soil as three phase system

    A soil mass is a three phase system consisting of:

    (a) Solid particles (grains)

    (b) Water

    (c) Air

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 2


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    (a) Volume of air (Va)


    (b) Volume of water (Vw)
    (c) Volume of solids (Vs)
     The total volume of voids (Vv) is given by:
    Vv = Va + Vw
    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 3
    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    The total weight of soil (W) consists of:


    (a) Weight of water (Ww)
    (b) Weight of solids (Ws).

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 4


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    Definitions
    1- water content: (w)
    The water content (also called the moisture
    content) is defined as the ratio between the weight
    of water (Ww) and the weight of solids (Ws) in a
    given soil.

    The water content is usually


    expressed in percentage:

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 5


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    2- Unit weight of solid mass: (Density of soil)


    (a) Bulk Density: (gb)

    The bulk density of soil is defined as the total weight


    of soil mass (W) per unit of its total volume (V).

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 6


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    (b) Dry Density: (gd) ‫الكثافة الجافة‬


    The dry density is defined as the weight of solids (Ws) per
    unit of its total volume (V).

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 7


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    (c) Saturated Density: (gsat) ‫الكثافة المشبعة‬

    • When the soil is fully saturated with water, its bulk


    density is called saturated density.

    • Thus, it is defined as the total weight of a saturated


    soil mass per unit of its total volume.

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 8


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    (d) Submerged Density: (gsub.) ‫الكثافة المغموره‬

    • When a soil mass is submerged under water its


    weight is reduced due to buoyancy.

    • The upward force is equal to the volume multiplied


    by the density of water (gw):

    gsub = gsat - gw

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 9


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    • The density of soil is generally expressed in


    (gm/cm3) or (t/m3) units.

    • It is considered as bulk density (also called


    unsaturated density) unless otherwise stated.

    • Natural density is the bulk density of natural


    soil.

    • It is generally taken as bulk density unless the


    soil in the field is saturated or dry.

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 10


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    3 - Specific gravity: (Gs)


    The specific gravity of soil is defined as the ratio between unit
    weight of soil solids to that of water.

    4 - Void ratio: (e)


    The void ratio is defined as the ratio between volume of voids to
    volume of soil solids.

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 11


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    5- Porosity: (n)
    The porosity is defined as the ratio between volume of
    voids to total volume of Soil.

    • The relationship between the porosity and void ratio:

    Dr. DaliaHamdy
    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 12
    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    6- Degree of saturation: (S)


    The volume of voids in a soil mass is generally
    occupied by water and air. The ratio between volume
    of water and volume of voids is called the degree of
    saturation.

    Dry (s=0%) Partially saturated (0<S<100%) saturated (s=100%)

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 13


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    Functional relations

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 14


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    1- Water content: (w) Summary

    2- Density:

    gsub = gsat - gw
    3 - Specific gravity: (Gs)

    4 - Void ratio: (e)

    5- Porosity: (n)

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 15


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    Examples

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 16


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    Example (1):

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 17


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 18


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    Example (2):

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 19


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 20


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    Example (3):

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 21


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 22


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 23


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 24


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    References

    1- Amr Radwan, 2012. Fundamentals of soil Mechanics. 5th


    edition.
    2- Amr Radwan, Lectures notes, Fundamentals of soil
    Mechanics.

    3- Braja M. Das, 2010. principles of Geotequnical


    engineering, 7th edition.

    4- Mitchell, J. K. (1976). Fundamentals of Soil Behavior,


    Wiley, New York.

    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 25


    CIV 262 – Soil Mechanics (1)

    Thank you

    Dr. Dalia Bahaa El Din Hamdy


    Dr. Dalia Hamdy 26

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy