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    Surveying_Solutions

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    Surveying_Solutions

    Uploaded by

    rohitkksh0219
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    0 views2 pages

    Surveying_Solutions

    Uploaded by

    rohitkksh0219

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Solutions to Surveying Questions

    2(a): Definitions of Terms


    1. Grid Meridian: A grid meridian refers to the meridian lines drawn on a map or grid
    coordinate system, which are used for referencing and determining coordinates in a
    particular region. The grid meridian is aligned with the grid system's orientation rather
    than true north.

    2. Reduced Bearing: Reduced Bearing (RB) is the acute angle a line makes with the north or
    south direction. It is measured from 0° to 90° and expressed with quadrant notation.

    3. Isogonic Line: An isogonic line connects all points with the same magnetic declination at a
    given time.

    4. Agonic Line: The agonic line is where magnetic north and true north coincide.

    5. Variation of Magnetic Declination: Magnetic declination varies due to changes in the


    Earth's magnetic field.

    2(b): Calculation of Interior Angles and Correction


    Given Bearings:

    Line Fore Bearing (FB) Back Bearing (BB)

    AB 150°0' 330°0'

    BC 230°30' 48°0'

    CD 306°15' 127°45'

    DE 298°0' 120°0'

    EA 49°30' 229°30'

    2(c): Identification of Local Attraction


    Local attraction is suspected when FB and BB deviations are not equal to 180°.

    3(a): Fundamental Lines of a Levelling Instrument


    1. Line of Collimation: The imaginary straight line passing through the instrument's optical
    center.

    2. Axis of Bubble Tube: Tangential horizontal line when the bubble is centered.

    3. Vertical Axis: The axis about which the instrument rotates.


    Differences between Dumpy Level and Tilting Level:

    Parameter Dumpy Level Tilting Level

    Adjustment Fixed line of collimation Line of collimation


    adjustable

    Precision Higher accuracy Lower accuracy

    Usage Permanent setups Temporary setups

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