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22 views3 pages

NETWORKING (week 2).docx

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fikunayomiakorede274
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NETWORKING

Computer network is a group of computer systems and other computing hardware devices that
are linked together through communication channels to facilitate communication and resource-
sharing among a wide range of users. A telecommunications network that allows computers to
exchange data, a network is a group of two or more computer systems linked together. It
supports applications such as access to the World Wide Web, shared use of application and
storage servers, printers, and fax machines, and use of email and instant messaging applications.

Types of Networks
Ethernet is a physical and data link layer technology for local area networks (LANs). Ethernet
was commercially introduced in 1980 and standardized in 1985 as IEEE 802.3. Ethernet has
largely replaced competing wired LAN technologies. Ethernet was invented by engineer Robert
Metcalfe.

Token Ring is a type of computer network in which all the computers are arranged in a circle. It
uses a special three-byte frame called a token around the ring. Physically, when implemented,
the computers are connected through cables to a ‘ HUB’ , which manages the network in a ring
topology manner.

Arcnet (an acronym from Attached Resource Computer Network) is defined as a group of nodes
that communicates to one another over a geographically-limited area usually within one building
or a campus of buildings. It was the simplest and least expensive type of Local Area Network.

Network Topology
Topologyis referred to as the layout of connected devices. It is the modeling structure in which
two or more computing devices are connected in a network. Network topology is a network's
shape or structure. This shape does not necessarily correspond to the actual physical layout of the
devices on the network. There are two types of network topology,
The Physical Topology of a network is the layout or arrangement of the cables and network
devices.
The Logical Topology refers to the method of communication of the network devices.
Network Topologies are categorized into the following basic types:
Star Topology
Star Network is a local area network in which each device (node) is connected to a central
computer in a star-shaped configuration; commonly, a network consisting of a central computer
(the hub) surrounded by terminals. The central point may be a hub, a switch or a router, and all
the individual network devices communicate with the central point which manages and control
all functions of the network. An example of star network topology is the ARCNET.

Advantages of Star Topology


 A star network is reliable in the sense that a node can fail without affecting any other node on the
network.
 Easy to install and wire
 Easy to detect faults and remove parts
Disadvantages of Star Topology
 Failure of the central computer results in a shutdown of the entire network.
 If the hub, switch, or concentrator fails, nodes attached are disabled
 Since each node is individually wired to the hub, cabling costs can be high.
Bus Topology
Bus network topology uses a common backbone (a cable) to connect all devices. The backbone
is a shared communication medium that all devices are attached or connected. A signal from the
source travels in both directions to all machines connected on the bus cable until it finds the
intended recipient. If the machine address does not match the intended address for the data, the
machine ignores the data. Alternatively, if the data matches the machine address, the data is
accepted.
An example of bus network is the Ethernet.
Advantages of Bus Topology
 Easy to connect a computer or peripheral
 Inexpensive to implement when compared to other topologies because it requires less cable
Disadvantages of Bus Topology
 Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable
 Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone cable
 Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.
Ring Topology
It is a local area network in which devices (nodes) are connected in a closed loop, or ring.
Messages in a ring network pass in one direction, from node to node. As a message travels
around the ring, each node examines the destination address attached to the message. If the
address is the same as the address assigned to the node, the node accepts the message; otherwise,
it regenerates the signal and passes the message along to the next node in the circle. Such
regeneration allows
a ring network to cover larger distances than star and bus networks. It can also be designed to
bypass any malfunctioning or failed node.
Advantages of Ring Topology
 They can span larger distances than other types
 It can also be designed to bypass any malfunctioning or failed node.
Disadvantages of Bus Topology
 Failure in one of the network connection results in breakdown of the entire network.
 New nodes can be difficult to add.

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