DGT MH –CET 12th MATHEMATICS Study Material 1

Three Dimensional Geometry 114

06 Three Dimensional Geometry

i. If OP is a directed line segment with direction
Syllabus cosine L,m and n such that OP = r. Then, the
coordinates of Pare (l r, mr and nr)
 Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios
 Relation between Direction Cosines and ii. Sum of squares of direction cosines are always
Direction Ratios. Relation between Direction unity i.e. l2 + m2 + n2 = 1.
Cosines of a Line. Angle between Two Lines iii. Parallel lines have same direction cosines.
iv. Direction cosines of a line are always unique.
We know that, the position ofa point ina plane  Important Points Related to Direction Cosines
can be determined, if the coordinates (x,y) of the i. DC's of X-axis are (1, 0, 0), Y-axis are
point with reference to two mutually perpendicular (0, 1, 0) and Z-axis are (0, 0, 1).
lines called X and Y-axes, are known. In order to ii. The DC's of a line which is equally inclined to
locate a point in space, two coordinate axes are the di (1 II) coor mate axes are
insufficient. So, we need three coordinate axes
 1 1 1 
called X, Yand Z-axes having coordinates (x, y,    
z). Hence, three dimensional geometry deals with  3 3 3
the system of these three coordinate axes and their iii. If G (,, ) is the centroid of ABC, where
coordinates. A is (x 1 ,y 1 'z 1 ) and B is (x 2,y 2, z 2 ) then
 Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios coordinate of C is (3 – x1 – x2 ,3p – y1 –
y2,3y – zl – z2).
Direction Cosines
iv. If l, m and n are the DC's of a line, then the
If ,  and  are the angles which a directed line
segment OP makes with the positive directions of 1
maximum value of lmn =
the coordinate axes OX, OY and OZ respectively, 3 3
then cosec, cosp andcosy are known as the  Direction Ratios
direction cosines of OP and are generally denoted
Let l, m and n be direction cosines of a line and
by the letters I, m and n respectively, i.e.
1 m n
I = cos , m =cos , n = cos  a, b andc be three numbers such that   .
a b c
Here the angles ,  and  are generally known
Then, direction ratios of the line are proportional
as direction angles.
to a, band c.
 Relation between Direction Cosines and
Direction Ratios
If the direction ratios of a line are proportional to
a, band c, then its direction cosines are
a
l+
a  b2  c 2
2

b
m+
Representation of direction cosines a  b2  c 2
2

and direction ratios

c
 Properties of Direction Cosines n+
a  b2  c2
2

Direction cosines exhibit the following properties:

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Three Dimensional Geometry 115

 Example 1
If a line has the direction ratios –18,12, – 4, then
its direction cosines are

9 6 2 9 6  2
a. , , b. , ,
11 11 11 13 13 13

9 6 2
c. , , d. None of these
13 13 13 Direction cosines of a line
Sol (a) If a, band c are the direction ratios of a line,
then direction cosines are Let OP = r.
a b c Then, in right OAP,
, ,
a b c
2 2 2
a b c
2 2 2
a  b2  c2
2
OA x
cos  = =
Given, direction ratios are -18,12, -4. OP r
Here, a = -18,b =12 and c = – 4, then direction  x = lr
cosines of a line are Similarly, y = mr and z = nr
Now x2 + l + z2 = rz (l2 + m2 + n2)
 a b c 
 2 , ,  r2 = r2 (l2 + m2+ n2)
 a b c a 2  b 2  c 2 a 2  b2  c2 
2 2
[ distance OP,x2 + y2 + Z2 = r2]
[l2 + m2 + n2 = 1]
 18   12 
=  
2 ,

 ( 18) 2  (12)2  ( 4)2


which is the required relation between direction
 ( 18)  (12)  ( 4) 
2 2
  cosines of a line.
 Direction ratios of the line joining two points can
4 be given as:
( 18)2  (12)2  ( 4) 2 P (x1' y1' z1) and Q(x2, y2, z2) are x2 –x1' y2 – y1'
z2–z1 and its direction cosines are
 18 12 4 
=  , ,  x 2  x1 y 2  y1 z 2 z1
 484 484 484  , ,
PQ PQ PQ
 18 12 4   9 6 2  • Example 2
=  , ,  =  , , 
 22 22 22   11 11 11  The direction cosines of a line which makes equal
angles with the coordinate axes are
9 6
Thus, the ditrreeccttiion cosines are , 1 1 1
11 11 a. < , , >
3 3 3
2
and
11 1 1 1
b. < , , >
 Relation between the Direction Cosines of 3 3 3
a Line 1 1 1
Let direction cosines of a line RS be l, m and n. c. < + ,+ ,+ >
3 3 3
Now, draw a line passing through origin and
parallel to the given line. Take a point P(x,y,z) on 1 1 1
d. < + ,+ ,+ >
this line and draw a perpendicular PA from Pon 3 3 3
X-axis. Sol (c) If the direction cosines of a line are, m andn,
then use the relation l2 + m2 + n2 = 1and simplify
it.

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Three Dimensional Geometry 116

Let the line makes an angle u with each of the The angle between the lines in terms of sin e is
three coordinate axes, then its direction cosines given by
are
l = cos , m = cos , n = cos 
(a1b2  a 2 b1 ) 2  (b1c 2  b2c1 ) 2  (c1a 2  c2 a1 ) 2
We know that, l2 + m2 + n2 = l sin  =
a12  b12  c12 a 22  b 22  c 22
 cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1
 3cos2  = 1 Where, a,b,c and a2,b2,c2 are direction ratios of
lines L1 and L2 respectively.
1
 cos2  + If l1' ml ,nl and l2,m2, n2 are direction cosines of
3 lines L2, and L2, then angle between the lines is
 Direction cosines of the line are either given by
1 1 1 1 1 1 [cos  = | l1l2 + m1m2+n1n2|
, , or  , ,
3 3 3 3 3 3 l 12  m12  n12  n12  m 22  n 22 
 Angle between Two Lines and sin
Let LI and L2 be two lines passing through the
origin and let  be the angle between them.  = (l1m 2  l2 m1 ) 2  (m1n 2  m 2 n1 )2  (n1l2  n 2 l1 )2
Also, the condition of perpendicularity and
parallelism between two lines can be given as :
i If two lines are perpendicular, then
ala2+ b1b2 + c1c2 = 0
ii. If two lines are parallel, then
a1 b1 c1
 
a 2 b2 c 2
 Vector Equation  Example 3
Let two vector equations of lines L1 and L2 be
The angle between the pair of lines
r1 = a1 + b1 and r2 = a12 + l2, then angle between
these two lines is r1 = 3iˆ  2ˆj  kˆ   (iˆ  2ˆj  2k)
ˆ

b1 .b2 and r2 = 5iˆ  2kˆ  (3iˆ  2ˆj  6k)

ˆ is
cos  = b b
1 2 a. 0 b.  /2
where,  and are scalars. c. n d. None of these
Now, if two lines are perpendicular, then bl.b2 = 0 Sol (a) Given equations of lines are
and if two lines are parallel, then b1 = b2
r1 = 3iˆ  2ˆj  kˆ   (iˆ  2ˆj  2k)
ˆ
 Cartesian Equation
Let two cartesian equations of lines L1 and L2 be and r2 = 5iˆ  2kˆ  (3iˆ  2ˆj  6k)
ˆ is
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1 Let the angle is , then
a1 = b1 = c1
b1.b 2 (iˆ  2ˆj  2k).(3i
ˆ ˆ  2ˆj  6k)
ˆ
x  x2 y  y2 z  z2 cos  = b b | =
and 1 2 1  4  4 9  4  36
a 2 = b2 = c 2
Then, angle between the lines L1 and L2 is given 3  4  12 19
= =
by 9 49 21

a1a 2  b1b2  c1c 2  19 

cos  =   = cos–1  21 
a12  b12  c12 a 22  b 22  c 22

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Three Dimensional Geometry 117

 Example 4 Sol (a) Given equation of lines are
Find the angle between the lines
x y z
x y z x5 y2 z3  
= = and   2 2 1
2 2 1 1 1 8
x5 y2 z3
2 and  
4 4 1 8
a. cos–1  3  b. cos–1  
5 Here, direction ratios of two lines are (2,2,1) and
(4,1,8).
 3
c. cos–1   d. None of these Let the angle is , then
4
Sol (d) Given lines are a1a 2  b1b2  c1c 2
cos  =
x y z a b  c12 a 22  b22  c 22
2 2
1 1
 
2 2 1
2  4  2 1  1  8
x5 y2 z3 =
and   2  22  12
2
4 2  12  82
4 1 8
82 8 18
= =
4  4  1 16  1  64 9 81
2 4
a. cos–1   b. cos–1  
 3 5 18 2

=
3 9 3
 3
c. cos–1  4  d. None of these 2
 = cos–1  
 3

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Three Dimensional Geometry 118

Exercise - 1
(Topical Problems)
Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios of a a. (4,3,2) b. (–4,3,– 2)
Line and Relation between Them c. (4, – 3, – 2) d. (4,3, –2)
1. CD If a line makes angles 900, 135°, 45° and 7. The points (2, 3, 4), (-1, -2,1) and (5, 8, 7) are
with the positive X, Y and Z-axes respectively,
a. formed an isosceles triangle
then its direction cosines are
b. formed an equilateral triangle
1 1 1 1 c. collinear
a. and b. and
2 2 2 2 d. None of the above
1 1 1 1 8. If a line makes angles ,and  with the positive
c. 0, and d. 1, and directions of the coordinate axes, then the value
2 2 2 2
of sin2  + sin2 + sin2  is
2. The direction cosines of the side AB of the ABC
a. a b. 1
whose vertices are A(3,5,– 4), B(– 1, 1,2) and
C(–5,–5,–2) are c. 2 d. –1
9. The points P(4,5,10), Q(2,3,4) and R(1, 2, –1)
4 4 6 2 2 3 are three vertices of a parallelogram PORS. The
a. , , b. , ,
17 17 17 17 17 17 coordinates of S are
2 2 3 a. (3,4,5) b. (4,6,5)
c. , , d. None of these c. (1, 1, 5) d. (1, 3, 5)
17 17 17
10. A line makes angles a,f3,yand15 with the four
 diagonals of a cube, then
3. If a line makes an angle of
with each of Y and
4 cos2+ cos2+ cos2 + cos2 is equal to
Z-axes, then the angle which it makes with a. 1 b. 4/3
X-axis is
c. 3/4 d. 4/5
  11. If the projection of a line segment on X, Yand Z-
a. b.
2 3 axes are 3,1 and 15 respectively, then length of
  line segment is
c. d.
4 6 a. 5 b. 4 + 15
4. A line passes through the points (6,– 7,–1) and
(2,–3,1). The direction cosines of the line so c. 5 + 2 d. 6
directed that the angle made by it with the positive 12. A line AB in three-dimensional space makes angles
direction of X-axis is acute, is 45° and 120° with the positive X-axis and the
2 2 1 2 2 1 positive Y -axis respectively. If AB makes an acute
a. , , b.  , , angle  with the positive Z-axis, then e equals
3 3 3 3 3 3
a. 30° b. 45°
2 2 1 2 2 1
c. , , d. , , c. 60° d. 75°
3 3 3 3 3 3
13. Let A(1, –1, 2) and B(2, 3, – 1) be two points. If
5. If a line makes angles a, f3and y with the axes, a point P divides AB internally in the ratio 2 : 3,
then cos 2 + cos2+ cos2 is equal to then the position vector of P is
a. – 2 b. – 1
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ ˆ
c. 1 d. 2 a. (i  j  k) b. (i  6 j  k)
6. Lines OA and OB are drawn from O with direction 5 3
cosines proportional to (1,–2,–1) and (3,–2,3),
1 ˆ ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ ˆ
respectively. The direction ratios of the normal to c. (i  j  k) d. ˆ
(7i  3j  4k)
the plane AOB are 3 5

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Three Dimensional Geometry 119

14. The vectors of magnitude a,2a and 3a meet at a b. externally in the ratio 2 : 3
point and their directions are along the diagonals c. internally in the ratio 3 : 2
of three adjacent faces of a cube. Then, the
d. externally in the ratio 3 : 2
magnitude of their resultant is
22. The distance between the points (1,4,5) and
a. 5a b. 6a
(2, 2, 3) is
c. 10a d. 9a
a. 5 units b. 4 units
15. If P (x, y, z) is a point on the line segment joining
c. 3 units d. 2 units
Q(2,2,4) and R(3,5,6) such that the projections
23. A line makes an obtuse angle with the positive
13 19 26
of OP on the axes are , and respectively,,  
5 5 5 X-axis angles and with the positive Y and
4 3
then P divides OR in the ratio
Z-axes respectively. Its direction cosine are
a. 1: 2 b. 3 : 2
c. 2 : 3 d. 1 : 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
a. – , , b. , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
16. If the direction cosines of a line are  , ,  then
c c c 1 1 1 1 1 1
c.  , , d. , ,
a. 0 < c < 1 b. c > 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

c. c = + 2 d. c = + 3 Angle between Two Lines

17. The perimeter of the triangle with vertices at 24. The values of p, so that the lines
(1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0) and (0, 0, 1) is 1  x 7y  14 z  3 7  7x y  5 6  z
 and  
a. 3 units b. 2 units 3 2p 2 3p 1 5
c. 2. 2 units d. 3. 2 units are
18. If a line in the space makes angle ex, /3 and y a. 77/11 b. 80/11
with the coordinate axes, then c. 70/11 d. None of these
cos 2 + cos2 + cos 2 + sin2 + sin2 + sin2  25. Match the angles between the pair of lines in
equals column I with the values in column II and choose
a. –1 b. 0 the correct option from the codes given below.
c. 1 d. 2 Column I Column II
19. The direction cosines of the line which is  8 
A. ˆ and 1. cos–1  5 3 
r = 2iˆ  4iˆ  kˆ   (3iˆ  2ˆj)  |  k)
perpendicular to the lines whose direction cosines
are proportional to (1, – 1, 2) and (2, 1, – 1), are r = 7iˆ  kˆ  (i  2 ˆj  2k)
ˆ

2 5 3 1 5 3 2
a. , , b.  , , B. r = 3iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ   (iˆ  ˆj  2k)
ˆ 2. cos–1  3 
 
35 35 35 35 35 35
r = 2iˆ  ˆj  56kˆ  (3iˆ  5jˆ  4k)
ˆ
1 5 3
c.  , , d. None of these x2 y 1 z5  19 
35 35 35 C. r= = = 3. cos–1  
2 5 4  21 
20. A straight line which makes an angle of 602 with
x y z x 5 y2 z 3  26 
each of Y and Z-axes, this line makes with X-axis D. = = and = = 4. cos–1  
2 2 1 4 1 8  9 38 
at an angle
a. 30° b. 60°
Codes
c. 75° d. 45°
A B C D A B C D
21. The xy-plane divides the line joining the points
a. 2 1 4 3 b. 3 1 4 2
(–1, 3, 4) and (2, –5,6)
2
a. internally in the ratio 2 : 3

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Three Dimensional Geometry 120

26. The angle between the lines whose direction z x
cosines are given by 2l – m + 2n = 0 and 32. The angle between the x = 1 , y = 2, and
1 1
1m + mn + nl = 0 is
y = –l, z = 0 is
  a. 30° b. 60°
a. b. c. 90 0
d. 00|
6 4
33. The angle between the lines
 
c. d. x4 y3 z2 x y 1 z
3 2 = = and  
1 2 3 3 2 1
27. The angle between any two diagonals of a cube is
1 
2 1 a. sin  7 
–1
b. cos–1  
a. sin–1 b. cos–1 7
3 2
1
  c. cos–1   d. None of these
c. cos–1 1 d. cos–1 7
3 3
34. The acute angle between the line joining the
28. If the coordinates of the points A, B, C and D be pionts (2, 1 –3), (–3, 1 7) and a line parallel to
(1,2, 3), (4,5, 7), (–4, 3,–6) and (2, 9, 2)
x 1 y z3
respectively, then the angle between the lines AB   through the point. (–1, 0, 4)
and CD is 3 4 5
is
 
a. b.  1   1 
2 4 a. cos–1   b. cos–1  
c.  d. None of these  10   5 10 
29. The angle between the line  7   3 
c. cos–1   d. cos–1  
r = (iˆ  2ˆj  k)
ˆ + (iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ and the plane  5 10   5 10 
35. The two lines x = ay + b, z = ey + d and
r. (2iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ = 4
x = a' y + b', z = e' y + d' are perpendicular to
each other, if

a. 0 b. a a
2 a. aa ' cc '  1 b. + =–1
c. n d. None of these a' c'
30. The angle between the lines whose direction a c
c. + d. aa'+ cc' = – 1
cosines are given by 1 + m + n = 0 and 12 + m2 a' c'
  x y z
a. b. 36. The angle between the lines = =
6 4 1 0 1

  x y z
c. d.  
3 2 3 4 5
a. 30° b. 45°
1 x y  2 z  3 c. 90° d. 0°
31. If the lines  and
3 2 2
x y z
37. The angle between the lines   is equal
x 1 6z 3 4 5
 y 1 are perpendicular, then the value
3 5 to
of a is
1 1
10 10 a. – cos–1   b. cos–1  
5  3
a. b.
7 7
1 1
10 10 c. cos–1   d. cos–1  
c. d. 2 4
11 11

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Three Dimensional Geometry 121

Exercise 2
(Miscellaneous Problems)
1. O is the origin and OP makes an angle of 45° and
8. The direction cosines of any normal to the
600 with the positive direction of X and Y-axes
xy-plane are
respectively. If OP = 12 units, then the coordinates
of Pare a. 1, 0, 0 b. 0, 1, 0
a. (6, 6, 6) b. (6, 6, –6) c. 1, 1, 0 d. 0, 0, 1
9. The direction cosines to two lines at right angles
c. (6. 2 , 6, + 6) d. (6, + 6, 6)
 1 1
1 1  are (1, 2, 3) and  2, ,  . then the direction
 2 3
2. If  , , n  are the direction cosines of a line,
2 3  cosine perpendicular to both the given lines are
then the value of n is
25 38 729
23 23 a. , ,
a. b. 2198 1099 2198
6 6
24 38 730
2 3 b. , ,
c. d. 2198 2198 2198
3 2
3. The points (5, 2, 4), (6, –1,2) and (8, –7, k) are 1 7
c. ,  2,
collinear, if k is equal to 2 2
a. – 2 b. 2 d. None of these
c. 3 d. –1
10. If a line lies in the octant OXYZ and it makes
4. The direction cosines I,m and n of two lines are equal angles with the axes, then
connected by the relations l + m + n = 0, 1m = 0,
then the angles between them is 1 1
a. /3 b. n/4 a 1= m = n = b. l = m = n = +
3 3
c. /2 d. 0
5. The angle between a diagonal of a cube and an 1 1
c. l = m = n = d. l = m = n = +
edge of the cube intersecting the diagonal is 3 2
1 2 11. A line makes acute angles of ,  and  with the
a. cos–1 b. cos–1
3 3 2
coordinate axes such that  cos  cos  =
9
c. tan–1 2 d. None of these
6. A vector r is inclined at equal angles to OX, OY 4
cos  cos  = , then cos + cos  cos  is
and OZ, if the magnitude of r is 6 units, then r is 9
equal to equal to
a. – 2 - b. 2
a. 3 (iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ b. – 3 (iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ
c. 3 d. – 1
c –2 3 (iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ d. None of these 12. The points (5, 2, 4), (6, –1, 2) and (8, –7, k) are
7. A line makes an angle Elboth with X and Y-axes. collinear, if k is equal to
A possible value of  is in a. –2 b. 2
    c. 3 d. –1
a. 0,  b. 0,  13. If 0 is the origin and OP = 3 units with direction
 4  2
ratios – 1, 2, – 2, then coordinates of Pare
    a. (1, 2, 2) b. (–1, 2, – 2)
c.  ,  d.  , 
4 2 3 6 c. (– 3, 6, – 9) d. (–1/3, 2/3, – 2/3)

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Three Dimensional Geometry 122

14. The angle between a line whose direction ratios 20. If direction cosines of two lines are proportional
are in the ratio 2 : 2 : 1 and a line joining (3, 1, 4) to (2,3, – 6) and (3, – 4,5), then the acute angle
to (7,2,12) is between them is
a. cos (1,2, 3) b. cos–1 (–2/3)
 49   18 2 
c. tan–1(2/3) d. None of these a. cos–1   b. cos–1  35 
15. The direction ratios of the diagonals of a cube  36   
which joins the origin to the opposite corner are
(when the three concurrent edges of the cube are  18 
c. 960 d cos–1  
coordinate axes)  35 

2 2 2 21. If a line makes angles a, 13, y and 0 with four

a. , ,. b. 1, 1, 1 diagonals of a cube, then the value of
3 3 3 sin2  + sin2  + sin2  + sin2  + sin2 is
c. 2,– 2, 1 d. 1, 2, 3
4 8
16. The projection of the line segment joining a. b.
3 3
(2, 5, 6) and (3, 2, 7) on the line with direction
ratios 2,1, – 2 is 7
c. d. 1 e. None of these
1 1 3
a. b.
2 3 22. The point in the xy – plane which is equidistant
c. 2 d. 1 from the points (2, 0, 3), (0, 3, 2) and (0, 0, 1) is
17. If the projections of a line on the axes are 6, 2, 3, a. (1, 2, 3) b. (– 3,2,0)
then its direction cosines are c. (3, –2,0) d. (3,2,0) e. (3,2, 1)
23. The angle between the lines whose direction
6 2 3 6 2 3
a. , , b. , ,
7 7 7 7 7 7  3 1 3  3 1  3
cosines are  4 , 4 , 2  and  4 , 4 , 2 
6 2 3 6 2 3    
c.  , , d. , ,
is
7 7 7 7 7 7
18. The projection of the line segment joining the 
points (–1, 0, 3) and (2, 5, 1) on the line whose a.  b.
2
direction ratios are 6, 2, 3 is
 
10 22 c. d.
a. b. 3 4
7 7
24. If projection of a line on X, Y and Z-axes are 6, 2
18 and 3 respectively, then direction cosines of the
c. d. None of these line is
7
19. In ABC and mid-points of the sides AB, BC 6 2 3 7 7 7
and CA are respectively (l, 0, 0), (0, 0, n) and a.  , ,  b.  , , 
2 7 7 2 2 3
AB2  BC 2  CA 32
(0, 0, n). Then, 6 2 3
(l 2  m 2  n 2 ) c.  , ,  d. None of these
 11 11 11 
 49   18 2  25. If the direction cosines of two lines are such that
a. cos–1   b. cos–1  35  l + m + n = 0, l2 + m2 – n2 = 0, then the angle
 36   
between them is
 18  a  b. /3
c. 960. d. cos–1  
 35  c. /4 d. /6

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Three Dimensional Geometry 123

26. If a line makes anglesa, ,   with the coordinate a. 2/3 b. 1/5
axes, then c. 3/5 d. 2/5
a. cos 2 + cos 2+ cos 2 –1 = 0
 
b. cos2+ cos 2+ cos2– 2 = 0 34. If a line makes angles and with the X and
3 4
c. cos 2+ cos 2+ cos 2 + 1= 0
Y-axes respectively, then the angle made by the
d. cos 2 + cos 2+ cos 2 + 1 = 0 line and Z-axis is
  
27. If a line makes an angle of with the positive a. b.
4 2 3
directions of each of X -axis and Y -axis, then the
angle that the line makes with the positive direction  5
c. d.
of the Z-axis is 4 12
35. If P = (0,1, 2), Q = (4, – 2, 1),0 = (0, 0, 0), then
 
a. b. POQ is equal to
6 3
 
  a. b.
c. d. 6 4
4 2
 
28. The ratio in which the line joining (2, 4, 5), c. d.
(3, 5, –4) is divided by the yz-plane is 3 2
a. 2 : 3 b. 3: 2 36. If OA is equally inclined to OX, OY and OZ and
c. –2 : 3 d. 4: –3 if A is 3 units from the origin, then A is
29. The perpendicular distance of the point (6, 5, 8) a. (3, 3, 3) b. (–1, 1, –1)
from Y -axis is c. (–1,1,1) d. (1,1,1)
a. 5 units b. 6 units 37. The line segment adjoining the points A, B makes
c. 8 units d. 9 units e. 10 units projection 1, 4, 3 on X, Y and Z-axes respectively.
Then, the direction cosines of AB are
30. The projections of a directed line segment on the
coordinate axes are 12, 4, 3. The DC's of the line a. 1, 4, 3
are b. 1/ 26, 4 / 26, 3 , 26
12 4 3 12 4 3 c. 1/ 26, 4 / 26, 3 , 26
a. 13,  13 , 13 b.  13,  13 , 13
d. 1/ 26,  4 / 26, 3 , 26
12 4 3
c. 13, , 13 , 13 d. None of these 38. A point on X-axis which is equidistant from both
the points (1,2,3) and (3, 5, –2) is
31. The ratio in which yz-plane divides the line a. (– 6, 0, 0) b. (5, 0, 0)
segment joining (–3, 4, –2) and (2, 1, 3) is c. (– 5, 0, 0) d. (6, 0, 0)
a. – 4 : 1 b. 3 : 2 39. Let 0 be the origin and P be the point at a distance
c. – 2 : 3 d. 1 : 4 3 units from origin. If direction ratios of OP are
(1,–2,–2), then coordinates of P is given by
32. The cosine of the angle A of the triangle with
vertices A(1, –1,2), B(6,11,2), C (1,2,6) is a. (1, –2, – 2) b. (3, – 6, – 6)
a. 63/65 b. 36/65 c. (1/3, –213, –2/3) d. (1/9, – 219, – 2/9)
40. The direction cosines of the line passing through
c. 16/65 d. 13/64
P(2, 3, –1)and the origin are
33. A line makes the same angle e with each of the
X and Z-axes. If the angle , which it makes with 2 3 1 2 3 1
a. , , b. , ,
Y -axis, is such that sin2  = 3 sin2 , then cos2 14 14 14 14 14 14
 equals
c. (1/ 3,  2 / 3,  2 / 3) d. (1/ 9,  2 / 9,  2 / 9)

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Three Dimensional Geometry 124

41. A parallelopiped is formed by planes drawn 48. If the coordinate of the vertices of a triangle ABC
through the points (2, 3, 5) and (5, 9, 7), parallel be A(–1,3, 2), B( 2, 3,5) and c( 3,5, –2), then L
to the coordinate planes. The length of a diagonal A is equal to
of the parallelopiped is a. 450 b. 600
a. 7 b. 38 c. 900 d. 300 e. 1350
49. XOZ - plane divides the join of (2,3,1) and
c. 155 d. None of these
(6, 7,1) in the ratio
42. A line makes angles of 45° and 600 with the a. 3 : 7 b. 2 : 7
X -axis and Z-axis respectively. The angle made
c. – 3 : 7 d. – 2 : 7
by it with Y-axis is
50. If A, B, C, D are the points (2,3, –1), (3, 5, –3),
a. 300 or 1500 b. 600 or 1200
(1,2, 3), (3, 5, 7) respectively, then the angle
c. 450 or 1350 d. 900 between AB and CD is
43. Cosine of the angle between two diagonals of cube a. /2 b. /3
is equal to
c. /4 d. /6
2 1 51. If (1,–2, –2) and (0, 2, 1) are direction ratios of
a. b. two lines, then the direction cosines of a
6 3
pependicular to both the lines are
1
c. d. None of these 1 1 2 2 1 2
2 a.  ,  ,  b.  , , 
3 3 3  3 3 3
44. If the plane 3x – 2y – z – 18 = 0 meets the
coordinate axes in A, B, C, then the centroid of
 2 1 2  2 1 3 
ABC is c.   ,  ,  d.  , , 
 3 3 3  41 14 14 
a. (2, 3, – 6) b. (2, – 3, 6 )
c. (–2,– 3, 6) d. (2, – 3, – 6) 52. The angle between the lines whose direction
cosines satisfy equations l + m + n = 0 and
45. The distance of the point P (a, b, c) from x-axis is l2 = m2 + n2, is
a. b2  c2 b. a 2  b2  
a. b.
c. d. None of these 3 4
a 2  c2
46. The direction cosines l, m, n of two lines are  
c. d.
connected by the relations l + m + n = 0, 1m = 0, 6 2
then the angle between them is 53. The distance of a point P (a, b, c) from the X-
a. /3 b. /4 axis is
c. /2 d. 0
a. a 2  b2 b. b2  c2
47. Two systems of rectangular axes have the same
origin. If a plane cuts them at distances a, b, c c. a d. a 2  c2
and a', b', c' from the origin, then
54. If the direction cosines of a vector of magnitude
1 1 1 1  1
a.      0 2 a 2
a 2 b2 c 2 a 2 b 2 c '2 3 are ,. , and a > 0, then the vector is
3 3 3
1 1 1 1  1
b.      0 a. 2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ b. 2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ
a 2 b 2 c2 a 2 b 2 c '2
c. ˆi  2ˆj  2kˆ d. ˆi  2ˆj  2kˆ
1 1 1 1  1
c. 2  2  2  2  2  2  0 55. If a line makes angles ,  and  and the coordinate
a b c a b c'
axes, then cos 2 + cos2 + cos2 is
1 1 1 1  1 a. – 1 b. – 2
d. 2
 2  2  '2  2  2  0
a b c a b c' c. 2 d. –3

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Three Dimensional Geometry 125

56. The distance of the point (1, 0, 2) from the point a. (0,3,1) b. (0,7, –10)
x  2 y 1 z  2 c. (0, –3, 1) d. (0,7,10)
of intersection of the line = =
3 4 15 58. Foot of perpendicular drawn from the origin to
and the plane x – y + z = 16 is the plane 2x – 3y + 4z = 29 is
a. 2 14 b. 8 a. (7,–1,3) b. (5,–1,4)
c. (5,–2,3) d. (2,–3,4)
c. 3 21 d. 13
57. A plane containing the point (3, 2, 0) and the line
x 1 y  2 z  3
  also contains the point
1 5 4

MHT CET Corner 2. What are the DR's of vector parallel to

1. A point on XOZ-plane divides the join of (2, –1,1)and (3,4,–1)?
(5, – 3, – 2) and (1,2, – 2) a. (1,5, – 2) b. (– 2,–5, 2)
 13   13  c. (– 1,5,2) d. (– 1,– 5,–2)
a.  ,0  2  b.  ,0,2 
 5   5 
c. (5,0,2) d. (5,0,–2)

Answers
Exercise 1
1. (a) 2 (b) 3 (a) 4 (a) 5 (b) 6 (d) 7 (c) 8 (c) 9 (a) 10 (b)
11 (a) 12 (c) 13 (d) 14 (a) 15 (b) 16 (d) 17 (d) 18 (c) 19 (b) 20 (d)
21 (b) 22 (c) 23 (c) 24 (c) 25 (b) 26 (d) 27 (d) 28 (c) 29 (d) 30 (c)
31 (a) 32 (c) 33 (c) 34 (c) 35 (d) 36 (c) 37 (a)
Exercise 2
1 (c) 2 (a) 3 (a) 4 (a) 5 (c) 6 (c) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 (a) 10 (a)
11 (c) 12 (a) 13 (b) 14 (a) 15 (b) 16 (d) 17 (d) 18 (b) 19 (c) 20 (b)
21 (b) 22 (d) 23 (c) 24 (a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 27 (d) 28 (c) 29 (e) 30 (c)
31 (b) 32 (b) 33 (c) 34 (b) 35 (d) 36 (d) 37 (b) 38 (d) 39 (a) 40 (c)
41 (a) 42 (b) 43 (b) 44 (d) 45 (a) 46 (a) 47 (d) 48 (c) 49 (c) . 50 (a)
51 (b) 52 (a) 53 (b) 54 (b) 55 (a) 56 (d) 57 (d) 58 (d)
MHT-CET Corner
1 (a) 2 (a)

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