Smart car parking system IoT project documentation

CAR PARKING SYSTEM USING ARDUINO UNO
A
MAJOR PROJECT-I REPORT
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
By
GROUP NO.28
Chirag Dewangan 0187CS211055

Ashutosh Rathore 0187CS211041
Shreya Singh Rathore 0187CS211160
Ajay Meena 0187CS211016
Amit Kumar 0187CS211022
Under the guidance of

Prof. Amit Kumar Rathore
(Assistant Professor)
Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Sagar Institute of Science &Technology (SISTec), Bhopal (M.P)
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Govt. of M.P.
Affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P.)
December -2024
Sagar Institute of Science & Technology (SISTec), Bhopal (M.P)
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
CERTIFICATE
We hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the B.Tech. Major Project-I Report
entitled CAR PARKING SYSTEM, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
degree of Bachelor of Technology, submitted to the Department of Computer Science &
Engineering, Sagar Institute of Science & Technology (SISTec),Bhopal (M.P.) is an authentic record
of our own work carried out during the period from Jul-2024 to Dec-2024 under the supervision of
Prof. Amit Kumar Rathore.
The content presented in this project has not been submitted by us for the award of any other degree
elsewhere.
Ashutosh Rathore Chirag Dewangan Shreya Rathore Ajay Meena Amit Kumar
0187CS211041 0187CS211055 0187CS211160 0187CS211016 0187CS211022
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of our knowledge.
Date:
Prof. Amit Kumar Rathore Dr. Amit Kumar Mishra Dr. D.K. Rajoriya
Project Guide HOD,CSE Principal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our sincere thanks to Dr. D. K. Rajoriya, Principal, SISTec
and Dr. Swati Saxena, Vice Principal SISTec Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal for giving us an
opportunity to undertake this project.
We also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to Dr. Amit Kumar
Mishra, HOD, Department of Computer Science & Engineering for his kindhearted
support
We extend our sincere and heartfelt thanks to our guide, Prof. Amit Kumar Rathore, for
providing us with the right guidance and advice at crucial junctures and for showing us
the right way.
We are thankful to the Project Coordinator, Prof. Deepti Jain, who devoted her
precious time in giving us the information about various aspects and gave support and
guidance at every point of time.
We would like to thank all those people who helped us directly or indirectly to complete
our project whenever we found ourself in any issue,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE NO.

Abstract i
List of Abbreviation ii
List of Figures iii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 About Project 2
1.2 Project Objectives 2
Chapter 2 Software & Hardware Requirements 4
Chapter 3 Problem Description 6
Chapter 4 Literature Survey 8

Chapter 5 Software Requirements Specification 12
5.1 Functional Requirements 12
5.2 Non-Functional Requirements 12
5.3 Performance 13
5.4 Security 13
5.5 Usability 14
Chapter 6 Software and Hardware Design 16
6.1 Use Case Diagram 16
6.2 Data Flow Diagram 17
6.3 Architecture 17
6.4 Circuit Diagram 18
6.5 Components 18
Chapter 7 IoT Module 21
7.1 Pre-processing Steps 22
7.2 Data Visualization 24
7.3 IoT Model Description 25
7.4 Result Analysis 26
Chapter 8 Coding 28
Chapter 9 Result and Output Screens 33
Chapter 10 Conclusion and Future work 43
References
Project Summary
Appendix-1: Glossary of Terms
SISTec/BTech/CS/2024/7/Major Project_ I/28
ABSTRACT
This project presents an efficient, IoT-enabled car parking system designed to optimize parking
management in areas with limited space. The system uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller integrated
with sensors and a MQTT Dashboard for real-time monitoring. An ultrasonic sensor detects incoming
cars, and IR sensors monitor the occupancy of each parking slot. If a parking spot is available, the system
automatically allows entry by controlling a servo motor barrier and updates the LED panel to show slot
status. The ESP8266 Wi-Fi module enables data communication with the MQTT Dashboard, allowing
users to view real-time parking availability remotely. This solution aims to simplify the parking process,
reduce congestion, and improve parking space utilization through automation and IoT integration.
i
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ACRONYM FULL FORM

IOT Internet of Things
MQTT Message Queuing Telemetry Transport
IR Infrared
LED Light Emitting Diode
IDE Integrated Development Environment
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
CoAP Constrained Application Protocol
AMQP Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
SSL/TLS Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security
ii
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG. NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

6.1 Use Case Diagram 14
6.2 Data Flow Diagram 15
6.3 Architecture 15
6.4 Circuit Diagram 16
6.5 Components 16
6.5.1 Arduino Uno 16
6.5.2 IR Sensor 17
6.5.3 Servo Motor 17
6.5.4 Ultrasonic Sensor 18
6.5.5 Bread Board 18
6.5.6 Jumper Wire 18
iii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
In today’s rapidly urbanizing world, the demand for smart solutions to everyday challenges has
increased significantly. Parking management, especially in urban areas, has become a pressing
issue due to the surge in vehicle numbers, coupled with limited space availability. Drivers
frequently struggle to locate vacant parking spots, leading to wasted time, increased frustration,
higher fuel consumption, and elevated levels of emissions. These challenges underscore the
need for efficient, real-time parking management solutions that can offer an organized and
sustainable approach.
Our project, an IoT-Based Car Parking System, addresses these challenges by combining
hardware and software components to create a comprehensive solution. This system leverages
the Internet of Things (IoT), a technological approach that enables devices to communicate and
share data in real-time, thereby optimizing processes that were previously handled manually.
The IoT-based parking system we aim to develop will detect parking slot availability through
ultrasonic sensors, control entry and exit via servo motors, and enable remote monitoring
through an MQTT dashboard. The system provides real-time updates on parking space
availability to users, offering a seamless and automated experience from the moment a vehicle
approaches the parking entrance to when it exits.
The project is motivated by the need to reduce the time drivers spend in finding parking,
alleviate traffic congestion, and lower fuel consumption and emissions. Traditional parking
systems require drivers to check each slot manually, which is inefficient and can often result in
occupied spaces being mistaken for free ones, leading to further frustration. By automating the
process and providing real-time data on the dashboard, our system solves these issues by
offering a reliable, easy-to-use, and eco-friendly solution. With this system, drivers can identify
available parking slots at a glance and make quick decisions on whether to park or search
elsewhere.
The IoT-based car parking system is also a step toward supporting smart city infrastructure.
With the expansion of IoT in various urban applications, this parking system represents a small
but impactful advancement in the digital transformation of city services. The project’s
objectives include enabling real-time parking slot monitoring, automating entry and exit,
ensuring remote monitoring, and providing convenient, accurate parking information to users
and administrators alike. The system’s design emphasizes usability, reliability, and scalability,
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making it suitable for various applications, from small parking lots to large commercial
complexes.
1.1ABOUT PROJECT
This IoT-based car parking system project addresses the need for efficient and automated
parking management, especially in areas with limited space. Using an Arduino Uno as the
central controller, the system integrates multiple sensors, including ultrasonic and IR sensors,
to detect cars entering the parking area and monitor individual parking slot occupancy. When
a car arrives, the ultrasonic sensor detects its presence and triggers the system to check for
available slots. The IR sensors, placed at each parking space, continuously update the status of
each slot, indicating whether it is occupied or vacant. This information is displayed on an LED
panel, making it visible for users on-site.
Additionally, the system leverages an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to connect to an MQTT

Dashboard, which enables real-time remote monitoring of parking availability. The MQTT
protocol allows seamless communication between the Arduino and the MQTT broker,
efficiently transferring data about slot availability to the dashboard. This setup provides users
with instant access to parking information, making it easier for them to check for open spaces
before arriving. By automating data updates, the system minimizes the need for human
intervention in parking management.
Through its design, this project aims to enhance user convenience and optimize the use of
limited parking spaces. The system controls a servo motor barrier that automatically opens
when a slot is available, reducing wait times and improving the overall parking experience.
The automated monitoring and control functions provide a streamlined and user-friendly
solution to parking congestion, demonstrating the power of IoT technology in simplifying
everyday tasks.
1.2PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objective of this IoT-based car parking system project is to create a scalable, automated,
and accessible parking solution that addresses parking challenges in high-demand areas. The
system utilizes an Arduino Uno as its core controller, integrating ultrasonic and IR sensors to
detect vehicle presence and manage parking slot availability with precision and reliability. By
incorporating an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, the system aims to provide seamless real-time data
exchange with an MQTT Dashboard, enabling remote monitoring and reducing the need for
manual oversight.
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1.2.1 KEY GOALS OF THIS PROJECT INCLUDE
1.2.1.1 AUTOMATE AND SIMPLFY PARKING MANAGEMENT

Eliminate the need for human intervention by automating slot detection and gate control,
providing a smoother parking experience.
1.2.1.2 FACILITATE REAL-TIME MONITORING AND ALERTS

Offer real-time updates on parking slot status to users and attendants via the MQTT
Dashboard, allowing for proactive management and communication when slots are full.
1.2.1.3 ENHANCE SECURITY AND CONTROL

Use controlled access to prevent unauthorized parking and ensure each slot is used
efficiently, adding a layer of security to the parking area.
1.2.1.4 OPTIMIZE LIMITED PARKING SPACE

Effectively manage space in compact parking lots by enabling only available slots to be
accessed, reducing waiting times and maximizing utilization.
1.2.1.5 ENABLE SCALABILITY FOR LARGER SYSTEMS

Design the system to be easily adaptable for larger parking facilities by allowing additional
sensors and dashboards as needed.
1.2.1.6 MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Reduce congestion and idling times in parking areas, contributing to decreased emissions
and more sustainable parking practices.
Overall, this project aims to streamline parking management through advanced IoT
integration, creating a smart, efficient, and scalable system for modern urban and
commercial environments.
Our solution consists of essential hardware components, including the Arduino Uno,
ultrasonic sensors, IR sensors, and servo motors. These components work in conjunction to
detect and manage parking space occupancy. By combining these hardware components
with an MQTT-based dashboard, our system allows both drivers and administrators to
remotely monitor the parking status, ensuring seamless and efficient parking management.
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CHAPTER 2
SOFTWARE & HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
2.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
Software requirements refer to the specific needs, capabilities, and constraints that a
software system must fulfill to meet user expectations and achieve its intended purpose.
They define the features, functionalities, and operations the system should perform, such
as processing data or interacting with users. These requirements are categorized into
functional requirements, which describe what the system should do, and non-functional
requirements, which outline performance, security, and usability criteria. Clear software
requirements serve as a foundation for design, development, and testing, ensuring the
software meets both technical and user demands. Properly documented requirements help
minimize errors, align team efforts, and deliver a successful software product.
2.1.1 ARDUINO IDE

For programming the Arduino Uno with the necessary code to handle sensors and MQTT
communication.
2.1.2 MQTTLIBRARY FOR ARDUINO
For integrating MQTT protocol into your Arduino project. Libraries like PubSubClient are
commonly used for this purpose.
2.1.3 MQTT BROKER
An MQTT broker is required to handle message routing between your Arduino and the
MQTT Dashboard app. You can use public brokers or set up your own broker on a server.
2.1.4 MQTT DASHBOARD APP
For visualizing and monitoring the parking space data. Ensure it’s set up to connect to your
MQTT broker.
2.1.5 MOBILE APP OR WEB INTERFACE
Depending on how you want to integrate or display additional features, you may develop
or use a web interface or app.
2.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Hardware requirements refer to the specific physical components, devices, and
specifications needed for a system to function effectively. They outline the essential
hardware resources, such as processors, memory, storage, sensors, or peripherals, required
to support the software and meet the system's performance needs. These requirements are
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categorized based on minimum and recommended configurations to ensure compatibility

and optimal functionality. Clear hardware requirements help in designing, assembling, and
testing systems while ensuring that all components work together seamlessly. Properly
defined requirements reduce the risk of hardware-software conflicts and improve system
reliability and efficiency.
2.2.1 ARDUINO UNO

Acts as the central microcontroller for processing data and controlling the system.
2.2.2 ULTRASONIC DISTANCE SENSORS
Used to detect the presence of a car and measure the distance to determine if a parking
space is occupied.
2.2.3 BLUETOOTH MODULE
(e.g., HC-05) or Wi-Fi Module (e.g., ESP8266) Enables wireless communication between
the Arduino and the mobile app or server for real-time updates.
2.2.4 LED INDICATORS
Provides visual feedback on the availability of parking spaces to users or operators.
2.2.5 RELAY MODULE
Controls the activation of alarms or indicators based on sensor input.
2.2.6 IR SENSORS
Detects the presence of cars in each parking slot.
2.2.7 SERVO MOTOR
Controls the barrier gate, allowing cars to enter and exit the parking lot.
2.2.8 CONNECTING WIRES AND BREADBOARD
For connecting the sensors, modules, and Arduino
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CHAPTER 3
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
3.1 CURRENT PARKING CHALLENGES
In densely populated urban areas, finding parking has become a significant daily struggle.
Traditional parking systems often do not provide accurate, real-time information about parking
availability, requiring drivers to physically search for available spots. This process wastes time
and adds to traffic congestion, especially in multi-story or large parking complexes where
checking each spot is impractical. For urban planners and facility managers, the inability to
provide effective parking management leads to dissatisfaction among residents and visitors, as
well as financial loss due to inefficient use of available spaces.
3.2 LACK OF REAL-TIME MONITORING
Without real-time monitoring, it is challenging to optimize the use of parking spaces. Drivers
who cannot identify empty spots quickly may resort to parking illegally or leaving the area
altogether, causing unnecessary frustration. For larger parking facilities, manually tracking
occupied slots is impractical, as it requires continuous human effort and is prone to error. An
automated parking management system, in this context, offers a solution that reduces manual
effort, provides accurate availability information, and allows for more organized space
utilization.
3.3 NEED FOR AUTOMATED PARKING MANAGEMENT
Automating parking management can greatly alleviate the need for constant human monitoring,
reduce errors, and ensure that parking facilities are utilized to their full potential. Additionally,
automation helps improve traffic flow by reducing the time vehicles spend searching for
parking, contributing to lower emissions and a more sustainable urban environment.
3.4 SCALABILITY AND ADAPTIBILITY ISSUES
Current parking management systems often lack scalability and adaptability, limiting their
effectiveness in growing urban environments. As vehicle numbers increase and parking
demands fluctuate, traditional systems struggle to expand efficiently to accommodate new
parking lots or changing space requirements. Without flexible, modular designs, these systems
6
are not easily adjustable for various facility sizes, from small lots to multi-level parking
complexes. Implementing a scalable, IoT-based solution addresses this limitation by allowing
easy addition of sensors and remote management capabilities, which ensure the system can
adapt to future growth and different types of parking environments.
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CHAPTER 4
LITERATURE SURVEY
From [1], John et al. (2018) examined IoT-based parking systems designed to reduce traffic
congestion and optimize parking space utilization. The study highlighted the use of ultrasonic
sensors for accurate vehicle detection and real-time monitoring. By integrating IoT
technologies, these systems provided automated solutions to improve efficiency in urban
parking. This aligns with the project’s objective of using sensors to detect vehicle presence and
communicate availability through a dashboard. Their findings also showcased the potential for
reducing manual intervention and errors in parking management. The study emphasizes cost-
effective solutions, which reflect the use of Arduino and ESP8266 in this project. Real-world
applications demonstrated significant improvements in reducing waiting times for parking
users. Such systems also contributed to better urban planning by optimizing land use. This
project's design builds upon these principles to offer a scalable and efficient solution for parking
management.
From [2], Patel et al. (2019) explored the MQTT protocol, emphasizing its lightweight and
efficient design for IoT communication. The study highlighted MQTT’s ability to handle low
bandwidth and power requirements, making it ideal for devices like Arduino and ESP8266.
Their research detailed how MQTT enables seamless real-time data transfer between IoT
devices and dashboards, which is critical in parking systems. The project benefits from this
protocol by using it to transmit parking slot status to a monitoring dashboard. MQTT’s
publish/subscribe model was praised for its simplicity and scalability in managing IoT device
networks. The researchers also demonstrated its reliability under varying network conditions,
ensuring consistent performance. This aligns with the project's goal of real-time updates to
users. By reducing latency, MQTT enhances user experience and operational efficiency. Its
adoption ensures a robust foundation for IoT-based applications like smart parking.
From [3], Kumar and Singh (2020) studied the role of IoT technologies in creating smart city
infrastructures, particularly focusing on traffic and parking management. The study proposed
simple yet scalable IoT models that integrate real-time monitoring and automation. These
findings mirror this project’s design, which uses a two-tier architecture with Arduino,
ESP8266, and MQTT for efficient parking management. They emphasized the role of sensors
in creating data-driven solutions for urban challenges, aligning with the use of ultrasonic and
IR sensors in this project. The integration of dashboards for user-friendly interfaces was also
8
highlighted as a critical success factor. Their research noted that smart parking systems improve
traffic flow and reduce pollution by minimizing unnecessary vehicle movement. This project
adopts similar principles to contribute to sustainable urban development. By focusing on cost-
effective and easy-to-deploy solutions, the study provided a blueprint for scalable IoT
applications.
From [4], Gupta et al. (2017) focused on using IR and ultrasonic sensors for vehicle detection
and parking slot monitoring. Their study validated these sensors as cost-effective and reliable
solutions for real-time parking systems. The research showcased their accuracy in detecting
vehicle presence, which directly aligns with this project’s design. Ultrasonic sensors were
praised for their ability to monitor distance and identify occupancy, while IR sensors ensured
precise entry and exit detection. The combination of these sensors creates a robust framework
for parking automation, reducing manual errors. Their findings supported the use of low-cost
hardware like Arduino for sensor integration. The study also emphasized how sensor-driven
systems can enhance operational efficiency. This project builds upon these insights by
implementing real-time monitoring through these sensors. By integrating with IoT dashboards,
the system offers a seamless user experience. Such sensor technologies are critical in creating
modern, automated parking solutions.
From [5], Sharma and Verma (2021) investigated the importance of energy efficiency in IoT
applications, particularly for systems with continuous operations. They highlighted the
advantages of using low-power components like ESP8266, which ensures reliable
communication without excessive energy consumption. Their findings align with this project’s
goal of creating a sustainable smart parking system. The research detailed strategies for
optimizing hardware and software to reduce energy usage. The MQTT protocol, used in this
project, was recognized for its low resource requirements. The study also discussed battery
management and power-saving modes in IoT devices. By ensuring energy efficiency, such
systems can achieve long-term operational reliability. This project adopts these principles by
using energy-efficient components and lightweight protocols. The research reinforced the
importance of sustainability in IoT-based applications, making it a key consideration in design.
This ensures that the project remains both cost-effective and environmentally friendly.
From [6], Rao et al. (2020) explored the synergy between IoT systems and cloud computing,
focusing on data storage and real-time processing capabilities. Their study highlighted the
benefits of using cloud platforms for large-scale IoT implementations, emphasizing data
accessibility and reliability. For smart parking systems, this integration ensures centralized data
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management and easy scalability. Although this project uses MQTT for direct communication,
the cloud can be incorporated to store historical parking data and enhance analytics. The study
also discussed how cloud platforms support multiple devices simultaneously, which aligns with
the project’s potential expansion to manage more parking slots or locations. The security
features of cloud platforms were emphasized, ensuring data integrity and user privacy. By
leveraging cloud services, IoT systems can offer advanced visualization tools and predictive
analytics, which may be future enhancements for this project. The combination of IoT and
cloud creates a robust framework for real-time and long-term applications.
From [7], Williams et al. (2019) emphasized the role of automation in addressing urban traffic
issues, especially those caused by inefficient parking systems. Their study illustrated how
automated parking solutions reduce search times for vacant spots, decreasing congestion and
emissions. The project aligns with this research by providing automated parking slot detection
and monitoring through sensors and MQTT. The researchers also highlighted the role of real-
time data in enabling dynamic parking management, a feature integrated into this project
through the dashboard. Automation was shown to improve user convenience and operational
accuracy by minimizing human intervention. Their findings demonstrated how systems like
these could adapt to changing parking demands, offering flexibility and scalability. This
project’s focus on real-time updates and barrier automation reflects these principles. By
reducing manual errors and delays, the project enhances overall parking efficiency. The study
validated that automation is a key driver for modernizing urban traffic systems.
From [8], Yadav and Roy (2018) explored how real-time monitoring enhances the usability and
effectiveness of parking systems. Their study focused on the role of IoT dashboards in
displaying live updates of parking slot availability, enabling users to make informed decisions.
This aligns with the project’s use of an MQTT dashboard to provide instant updates on slot
occupancy. The researchers highlighted how real-time data reduces the time spent searching
for parking spaces, improving user satisfaction. They also noted the importance of accurate
sensor data to ensure reliable system performance. The study emphasized the need for intuitive
interfaces, ensuring that users and administrators can access data effortlessly. This project
implements these insights by offering a simple and accessible MQTT-based dashboard. By
integrating real-time updates, the system supports efficient parking operations and user
convenience. The research underlines the importance of real-time feedback in creating
impactful IoT applications.
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From Websites [1], MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a lightweight and
efficient messaging protocol tailored for IoT communication. It operates on a publish/subscribe
model, which decouples the sender and receiver, allowing scalability and flexibility in large
networks. This protocol is ideal for resource-constrained devices, supporting low bandwidth
and high latency networks with robust messaging reliability. Key features include three Quality
of Service (QoS) levels, retained messages for last-known state delivery, and persistent client
sessions that ensure no data is lost during intermittent connections. Additionally, MQTT’s "Last
Will and Testament" feature ensures devices can signal their offline status, crucial for mission-
critical applications. Its simplicity and minimal overhead make it the preferred choice for IoT
solutions, including smart homes, industrial IoT, and connected vehicles.
From Websites [2], The Arduino Uno Rev3 is a versatile microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328P, designed for a broad range of applications. It features 14 digital input/output
pins, including 6 capable of PWM output, 6 analog inputs, a USB connection for programming,
and an external power jack. The board supports input power ranging from 7-12V, making it
adaptable to various project requirements. With its user-friendly design, replaceable
ATmega328P chip, and a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, it offers robustness and reliability for both
beginners and professionals. The Uno includes 1KB EEPROM for data storage and is
compatible with numerous sensors and actuators, making it suitable for diverse applications
like robotics and IoT. Comprehensive online documentation, including tutorials, example
codes, and schematics, enables users to prototype and troubleshoot with ease.
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CHAPTER 5
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
5.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
5.1.1 PARKING SLOT DETECTION
Ultrasonic sensors detect occupancy status of each slot and relay it to the dashboard.
5.1.2 VEHICLE ENTRY/EXIT DETECTION
IR sensors detect vehicle movement at entry/exit to update slot availability.
5.1.3 BARRIER CONTROL
Servo motor opens/closes the barrier based on slot availability.
5.1.4 REAL-TIME DATA COMMUNICATION
ESP8266 transmits slot data to an MQTT broker for dashboard display.
5.1.5 DASHBOARD DISPLAY
Shows real-time parking slot status for remote monitoring.
5.1.6 ERROR NOTIFICATION
System alerts when a sensor or component encounters an error.
5.2 NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
5.2.1 RELIABILITY
Ensures at least 99% uptime for uninterrupted monitoring.
5.2.2 USABILITY
Simple and clear dashboard interface for easy status monitoring.
5.2.3 SCALABILITY
Supports the addition of extra slots by adding more sensors.
5.2.4 SECURITY
Ensures secure, encrypted data communication.
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5.2.5 MAINTAINABILITY
Modular hardware and software design for easy updates and repairs.
5.2.6 AVAILABILITY
System is operational 24/7 to track and display real-time parking data.
5.3 PERFORMANCE
5.3.1 RESPONSE TIME

Slot status is updated within 2 seconds of any change.
5.3.2 DATA TRANSMISSION SPEED
Dashboard updates occur within 1 second of data transmission.
5.3.3 SYSTEM LATENCY
Low latency in data processing and dashboard refresh to ensure real-time accuracy.
5.3.4 ERROR RECOVERY
Automatic recovery and alerts in case of connection or hardware errors.
5.3.5 DATA REFRESH RATE
Dashboard displays refresh every few seconds to reflect accurate status.
5.3.6 NETWORK RELIABILITY
Stable connection with MQTT broker for uninterrupted data flow.
5.4 SECURITY
The IoT-Based Car Parking Management System is designed with robust security features to
protect data and ensure system integrity. Given that the system transmits real-time data on
parking availability and access control over a network, it is crucial to maintain data privacy
and prevent unauthorized access.
5.4.1 DATA ENCRYPTION
All data transmitted between the system components (e.g., sensors, Arduino, ESP8266) and
the MQTT broker is encrypted to prevent interception by unauthorized parties. This ensures
that data remains confidential and secure.
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5.4.2 ACCESS CONTROL
Only authorized users can access the MQTT dashboard to monitor parking slot status. This
feature prevents unauthorized individuals from viewing or manipulating the system data.
5.4.3 AUTHENTICATION AND AUTHORIZATION
The system requires login credentials for users accessing the MQTT dashboard, ensuring that
only verified individuals can access parking data and control features.
5.3.4 NETWORK SECURITY
To prevent network attacks, the system utilizes secure Wi-Fi protocols for communication
through the ESP8266 module. This minimizes vulnerabilities that could be exploited by
attackers to disrupt system operations.
5.3.5 SYSTEM RESILIENCE
The system is designed to withstand hardware or network failures with minimal data loss, using
automatic reconnection protocols to maintain system continuity in case of temporary
disconnections.
5.5 USABILITY
The IoT-Based Car Parking Management System prioritizes user-friendliness to ensure that
both end-users (drivers) and system administrators can efficiently interact with the system. The
goal is to make parking status information accessible and easy to understand, while simplifying
system operation and monitoring.
5.5.1 SIMPLE DASHBOARD INTERFACE
The MQTT dashboard presents data in a clear and intuitive format, with visible indicators
showing the status of each parking slot (e.g., occupied, vacant). This visual clarity makes it
easy for users to understand the current parking availability at a glance.
5.5.2 REAL-TIME UPDATES
The dashboard displays real-time status updates on slot availability, reducing delays and
allowing for immediate action by users looking for parking or by administrators monitoring
the system.
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5.5.3 USER NOTIFICATIONS
The system provides instant notifications for key events, such as when all parking slots are full,
or when a slot becomes available, allowing users to make quick decisions.
5.5.4 ACCESSIBILITY
The dashboard can be accessed on multiple devices, including smartphones, tablets, and
computers, making it convenient for remote monitoring.
5.5.5 LOW-LATENCY PERFORMANCE
The system is designed to respond quickly to sensor inputs, updating slot status with minimal
delay. This enhances the user experience by ensuring that information on the dashboard is
always current.
By focusing on both security and usability, this project aims to provide a safe and user-friendly
experience that meets the needs of both drivers and administrators.
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CHAPTER 6
SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE DESIGN
Figure 6.1: Use Case Diagram
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Figure 6.2: Data Flow Diagram
Figure 6.3: Architecture
17
Figure 6.4: Circuit Diagram
6.5 COMPONENTS
Figure 6.5.1: Arduino Uno
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Figure 6.5.2: IR Sensor
Figure 6.5.3: Servo Motor
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Figure 6.5.4: Ultrasonic Sensor
Figure 6.5.5: Bread Board
Figure 6.5.6: Jumper Wire
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CHAPTER 7
IOT MODULE
The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into modern systems has dramatically enhanced
the efficiency of various operations, and one prominent example is the IoT-based parking
management system. This technology allows for the automation of parking space management
by connecting physical devices such as sensors, controllers, and actuators to a centralized
network for real-time monitoring and control. In the context of parking management, the IoT
module is a crucial element that ensures smooth operation by automating the detection of
available parking spaces and communicating this information to users and administrators.
The IoT-based Parking Management System involves the use of multiple sensors, including
ultrasonic and infrared (IR) sensors, to detect the presence of vehicles in parking spaces.
These sensors are connected to an Arduino microcontroller, which processes the data and
sends the information to the cloud via a Wi-Fi module (ESP8266). The real-time data is then
displayed on a cloud-based dashboard, allowing users to check the availability of parking
spaces from their mobile devices or computers. The system continuously updates the status of
each parking spot, providing an intuitive and user-friendly interface for both drivers and
parking lot managers.
The IoT module plays an essential role in ensuring that the parking system operates efficiently.
It begins with pre-processing steps, where the raw sensor data is validated and cleaned to
remove noise or erroneous readings. This ensures that the system operates based on accurate
and reliable information. Once validated, the data is sent to a cloud-based platform where it is
visualized in real-time. This data visualization process allows users to monitor parking space
availability, enabling them to make informed decisions about where to park.
A key feature of the IoT module is its ability to facilitate real-time communication between
the parking system and the cloud using MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport). This
lightweight communication protocol ensures fast and reliable data transmission, allowing the
system to update the parking space status promptly and without delay. Additionally, the result
analysis of collected data can provide valuable insights into parking patterns, peak times, and
the efficiency of space utilization, further optimizing the management process.
Overall, the IoT module in the parking management system significantly enhances user
convenience, reduces the need for human intervention, and contributes to a more efficient use of
21
available parking spaces. It transforms traditional parking systems into smart, automated
solutions that are essential for modern urban environments and smart cities.
7.1 PRE-PROCESSING STEPS
7.1.1 DATA COLLECTION

Data collection is a critical initial step in the parking management system. Sensors
installed in the parking lot continuously gather data that serves as the foundation for the entire
system.
waves. When these waves encounter an object (like a car), they bounce back to the sensor, and
the time taken for the waves to return is used to calculate the distance. This measurement is then
interpreted by the system to check whether a parking space is occupied.
The IR sensors, typically placed at the entrances and exits, monitor the movement of vehicles.
When a vehicle passes through the sensor’s infrared beam, it disrupts the signal, alerting the
system to the vehicle’s presence.
These sensors are essential for capturing real-time data about the parking lot. This information
is crucial in maintaining accurate availability status on the MQTT dashboard, which is used to
inform the users about parking space occupancy.
The Arduino Uno is responsible for gathering data from these sensors and performing the initial
processing. It’s vital that the system reads this data frequently and accurately to ensure that
parking availability is updated in real-time.
Once data is collected, it is then prepared for transmission to the MQTT broker. This is a
continuous process, where sensor data is periodically checked and updated based on the sensor
readings.
7.1.2 NOISE FILTERING

Noise filtering plays a crucial role in maintaining the accuracy of the sensor data. Environmental
conditions, sensor imperfections, and interference from nearby objects can affect sensor
readings, leading to inaccuracies in the data.
For example, ultrasonic sensors can be affected by objects in the environment, such as walls or
parked cars, which can cause erroneous readings. The algorithm needs to filter out these false
readings to maintain accurate data.
Digital signal processing (DSP) techniques can be implemented to smooth out sudden spikes or
drops in sensor data. This technique averages data points over time, ensuring that only the most
reliable readings are used.
22
A threshold-based method can be used for noise filtering. If the sensor reading is beyond a
specified threshold (either too high or too low), the reading is discarded as noise and does not
contribute to the status update of the parking space.
The Arduino code incorporates error-detection algorithms that verify if the data collected from
the sensors is consistent with the expected values. If any discrepancies are found, the erroneous
data is rejected and does not affect the overall operation.
Additionally, Kalman filtering can be applied to smooth sensor data and eliminate jitter, leading
to more stable measurements.
Once noise has been filtered out, the processed data is ready for further analysis or visualization,
allowing the system to maintain an accurate representation of the parking lot’s occupancy.
7.1.3 DATA TRANSFORMATION & AGGREGATION

After noise filtering, the data undergoes transformation into a useful format that can be used to
make decisions regarding the status of each parking space.
The ultrasonic sensor provides continuous distance measurements, but these values need to be
converted into a more intuitive binary format occupied or vacant. If the distance is smaller than
the predefined threshold (indicating a car is present), the parking space is marked as occupied.
If the distance exceeds this threshold, the parking space is marked as vacant.
Similarly, data from the IR sensors is straightforward a 1 indicates a vehicle has passed through
the sensor’s beam, while a 0 means no vehicle is present.
The next step is data aggregation. This step combines the data from multiple sensors into a
coherent status report. For example, if the IR sensor at the parking entrance detects a car, and
the ultrasonic sensor confirms that the parking space is full, the data is aggregated to show that
the parking lot has reached full capacity.
The data from various sensors are aggregated on the Arduino Uno, which calculates the overall
status of the parking lot, including the availability of each individual parking space. This
information is formatted into a message that can be sent to the MQTT broker for further
transmission.
After aggregation, the system may use algorithms to predict parking space availability for the
next few hours or detect patterns based on historical data. This step allows the system to provide
more informed insights to users about peak parking hours.
The transformed and aggregated data is then transmitted via the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module,
ensuring seamless communication with the cloud platform for real-time monitoring.
23
7.2 DATA VISUALIZATION
7.2.1 DASHBOARD OVERVIEW

The cloud-based dashboard is the user-facing interface that visualizes parking lot occupancy
in real-time. It provides users with a clear and concise view of available and occupied parking
spaces.
The dashboard displays the parking lot layout in a graphical format, where each parking space
is represented by an icon that changes color based on its status green for available and red for
occupied.
The layout may also include zoomable maps, allowing users to view a specific section of the
parking lot if it's large. This feature enables users to navigate through the parking lot visually
and make better parking decisions.
The MQTT protocol ensures that data sent from the sensors to the cloud is published and
updated on the dashboard with minimal latency. The dashboard interface communicates with the
MQTT broker, allowing it to dynamically receive and display the real-time status of each parking
spot.
Users can interact with the dashboard, clicking on individual parking spaces for detailed
information. For example, users might click on a specific spot to see when it was last occupied
or to view usage statistics over time.
In addition to real-time updates, the dashboard may also display the occupancy rate of the
parking lot, helping users understand the overall parking situation, including how many spaces
are currently available and the likelihood of finding an empty spot.
7.2.2 REAL-TIME UPDATES

The real-time update feature is one of the most critical aspects of the dashboard. It ensures that
users have access to up-to-date information regarding parking availability without needing to
refresh or reload the page.
When the Arduino Uno receives updated data from the sensors, it sends the information via the
ESP8266 module to the MQTT broker, which in turn pushes the data to the dashboard.
The MQTT broker is responsible for handling the message queuing process. It ensures that
messages are delivered in a timely and reliable manner, ensuring that the dashboard always
displays the correct parking space status.
The real-time feature minimizes waiting times for users, as they can make quick decisions based
on the current availability of parking spaces. This also reduces the time spent searching for
24
parking, which is a common frustration for drivers in crowded lots.

The dashboard automatically refreshes the status of each parking space at regular intervals or
when new data is received, ensuring that the information is always accurate.
If a parking spot becomes available (e.g., when a car leaves), the system instantly updates the
dashboard, making the space available for another user to park. This continuous loop of data
communication ensures that the parking management system operates smoothly.
7.2.3 USER INTERFACE AND ACCESSIBILITY

The user interface (UI) of the dashboard is designed with ease of use in mind. It is intuitive,
clean, and user-friendly, ensuring that all users—whether tech-savvy or not—can navigate and
use the dashboard effectively.
Key UI elements include color-coded icons, buttons for real-time refresh, and clickable parking
spaces that provide more detailed information. Each parking space can be color-coded based on
its status, such as green for available, red for occupied, or yellow for pending (e.g., when a car
is moving in or out).
The dashboard is optimized for different devices, including desktops, tablets, and smartphones.
This makes it accessible to a wide range of users, ensuring that people on the go or in the parking
lot itself can easily check parking availability.
In addition to basic functionality, the dashboard also features search filters or sorting options,
allowing users to find available parking spaces based on criteria like proximity to the entrance
or their current location.
Accessibility features include high contrast modes, larger text options, and voice commands
for people with disabilities, making the system inclusive and usable for a broader audience.
The interface also supports multi-language options, allowing people who speak different
languages to access and navigate the system without barriers.
The real-time nature of the updates means that users do not need to manually refresh the page—
data updates automatically, keeping users informed without additional effort.
7.3 IOT MODEL DESCRIPTION

The integration of the IoT module allows for efficient real-time decision-making by parking
system administrators and users. By automating the process of detecting available parking spaces
and managing the entrance and exit of vehicles, the system minimizes human error and reduces
operational overhead. As a result, it can handle large volumes of cars in busy urban areas while
maintaining an organized and streamlined operation.
25
The real-time monitoring aspect provided by the IoT system is one of its most significant
benefits. Since the data is sent to the cloud, it is accessible from anywhere and at any time, using
mobile apps or web dashboards. This not only helps drivers find available parking more easily,
but also assists parking lot operators in tracking space usage, optimizing parking lot design, and
managing traffic flow efficiently.
Another significant aspect of the IoT-based parking system is its scalability. As cities grow and
parking demand increases, the system can easily accommodate additional sensors or parking
spots without requiring a major overhaul. The modular design ensures that parking spaces can
be added incrementally, making it suitable for both small parking areas and large multi-level
parking structures.
The sustainability of the IoT system is another key benefit. By reducing the amount of time
drivers spend searching for parking spaces, the system helps lower fuel consumption and
emissions. In addition, it optimizes the usage of parking spaces, ensuring that no space is
underutilized and that the entire parking lot is used as efficiently as possible.
Furthermore, the integration of security features within the IoT module ensures that only
authorized users can access parking spaces. By leveraging technologies like RFID tags, license
plate recognition, or user authentication through mobile apps, the system adds an extra layer of
security to prevent unauthorized parking and improve the overall safety of the facility.
In summary, the IoT module within a parking management system provides not just convenience
but also significant operational advantages. By automating data collection, processing, and
transmission, it ensures smooth and efficient parking lot management, allowing for smarter cities
and better experiences for both users and operators. This technological framework sets the stage
for further innovation and optimization, positioning IoT-based parking systems as a cornerstone
of modern urban infrastructure.
7.4 RESULT ANALYSIS

The result analysis of the IoT-based parking system is a crucial aspect that enables ongoing
optimization and ensures that the system performs effectively. Once data is collected from the
various sensors, processed, and visualized in real-time, it is analysed to evaluate the system’s
overall performance and identify areas for improvement. The system's effectiveness is not only
measured by its ability to provide real-time parking space availability but also by its efficiency
in space utilization, its accuracy in sensor readings, and the quality of its communication
protocols.
26
By analysing the sensor data, such as the occupancy patterns of parking spaces, peak usage times,
and vehicle entry/exit trends, valuable insights can be derived. These insights can help in
improving the management of parking facilities by enabling administrators to predict high-
demand periods and take proactive actions to manage traffic flow. For instance, if the analysis
reveals that certain parking spaces are consistently underutilized, the system can be reconfigured
to ensure that the parking layout is optimized for better utilization.
Additionally, traffic analysis from the data can highlight bottlenecks or congested areas in the
parking lot, helping managers reconfigure entry and exit points or modify the layout for better
traffic flow. This helps avoid gridlocks and reduces the time it takes for users to enter and exit
the parking lot.
Result analysis also plays a key role in long-term system improvement. As the system
continuously collects and processes data, it becomes more intelligent over time, allowing it to
make better predictions about parking space availability and optimize parking lot operations.
The system can learn from past trends and adjust to evolving parking behaviours, ensuring that
it remains efficient and responsive to users' needs.
In conclusion, the result analysis in an IoT-based parking management system is not just about
tracking current performance; it’s also about continuously refining the system to make it more
efficient, user-friendly, and responsive to the changing dynamics of parking management. The
insights gathered from result analysis are instrumental in ensuring the system’s sustained success
and its adaptability to future demands.
27
CHAPTER 8
CODING
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <Servo.h>
// LCD and Servo configurations
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 20, 4); // set the LCD address for a 16 chars and 2-line display
Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo
// Pin definitions
const int IR_PIN_1 = 4;
const int IR_PIN_2 = 5;
const int servo_pin = 6;
const int trigPin = 7;
const int echoPin = 8;
// Variables
int distance;
int pos = 0; // variable to store the servo position
int IT_State_1;
int IT_State_2;
String Parking_1;
String Parking_2;
void setup() {
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
28
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
pinMode(IR_PIN_1, INPUT);
pinMode(IR_PIN_2, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
// Servo calibration
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Motor Calibration");
lcd.print("started");
delay(1000);
myservo.attach(servo_pin);
for (pos = 15; pos <= 160; pos += 1) {
myservo.write(pos);
delay(15);
for (pos = 160; pos >= 13; pos -= 1) {
myservo.write(pos);
delay(15);
29
myservo.detach();
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Motor Calibration");
lcd.print("Done");
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Car");
lcd.print("Parking System");
delay(2000);
void loop() {
distance = ultra();
// Check if parking space is available
if ((distance < 10) && ((Parking_1 == "EMPTY") || (Parking_2 == "EMPTY"))) {
myservo.attach(servo_pin);
30
for (pos = 5; pos <= 160; pos += 1) {
myservo.write(pos);
delay(15);
for (pos = 160; pos >= 5; pos -= 1) {
myservo.write(pos);
delay(15);
myservo.detach();
// Read IR sensors to determine slot occupancy
IT_State_1 = digitalRead(IR_PIN_1);
Parking_1 = (IT_State_1 == LOW) ? "FULL" "EMPTY";
IT_State_2 = digitalRead(IR_PIN_2);
Parking_2 = (IT_State_2 == LOW) ? "FULL" "EMPTY";
// Update LCD display with parking slot statuses
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Slot One =" + Parking_1);
lcd.print("Slot Two =" + Parking_2);
delay(1000);
31
// Function to get distance from ultrasonic sensor
int ultra() {
int result = 0;
unsigned long duration, distanceSum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
distanceSum += duration / 58.2;
delay(10);
result = distanceSum / 3;
return result;
32
CHAPTER 9
RESULT AND OUTPUT SCREENS
Figure 9.1: Both Slots Are Empty
33
Figure 9.2: Both Slots Empty Showing On Mobile App
34
Figure 9.3: Slot 1 Full & Slot 2 Empty
35
Figure 9.4: Slot 1 Full & Slot 2 Empty Showing On Mobile App
36
Figure 9.5: Slot 1 Empty & Slot 2 Full
37
Figure 9.6: Slot 1 Empty & Slot 2 Full Showing On Mobile App
38
Figure 9.7: Both Slots Full
39
Figure 9.8: Both Slots Full Showing On Mobile App
40
Figure 9.9: Parking Gate Not Opening Due To Both Slots Are Full
41
Figure 9.10: Both Slots Showing Full
42
CHAPTER 10
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
10.1 CONCLUSION
Our project detects the empty slots and helps the drivers to find parking space in unfamiliar
city. The average waiting time of users for parking their vehicles is effectively reduced in this
system. The optimal solution is provided by the proposed system, where most of the vehicles
find a free parking space successfully. Our preliminary test results show that the performance
of the Arduino UNO based system can effectively satisfy the needs and requirements of
existing car parking hassles thereby minimizing the time consumed to find vacant parking lot
and real time information rendering. This smart parking system provides better performance,
low cost and efficient large scale parking system. When car enters the parking area, the driver
will park the car in the nearest empty slot when slot is occupied the LED light glows and when
slot is empty LED lights are turned off chromatically indicating that the parking slot is empty
to be occupied. It also eliminates unnecessary travelling of vehicles across the filled parking
slots in a city. Smart Parking solutions are designed to provide drivers an ultimate solution on
their journey from the beginning to end without searching for parking, cost, travel time etc.
This advantage comes by paying marginal fees to the smart parking service providers. To
change a culture which has been existing for several centuries is a humongous task. Parking
has always been an at the moment affair with direct cash exchange. The inclusion of technology
in this method is a change in culture which will take the time to establish. Smart Parking is one
of the most adopted and fastest growing smart city solutions across the world. Airports,
universities, shopping centers and city garages are just a few entities that have begun to realize
the significant benefits of automated parking technology.
In this study, the various types of smart parking system and has been presented. From the
various examples of the implementation of the smart parking system being presented, its
efficiency in alleviating the traffic problem that arises especially in the city area where traffic
congestion and the insufficient parking spaces are undeniable. It does so by directing patrons
and optimizing the use of parking spaces. With the study on all the sensor technologies used in
detecting vehicles, which are one of the most crucial parts of the smart parking system, the pros
and cons of each sensor technologies can be analyzed. Although, there are certain
disadvantages in the implementation of visual based system in vehicle detection as described
earlier, the advantages far outweigh its disadvantages.
43
10.2 FUTURE WORK
In some of the parking areas are lacking such facilities and hence fail all the security norms
necessary to park a vehicle. By looking such a huge concern, it is highly required that each and
every parking area should be well equipped with high tech parking control systems, that
nevertheless lasts the best. These innovative parking control systems not only make a bright
choice but also allow you to pay the right price without getting any worry. parking control system
has been generated in such a way that it is filled with many secure devices such as barricades,
swing gates, slide gates, parking control gates, toll gates, time and attendance machine, car
counting system etc. These features are hereby very necessary nowadays to secure your car and
also to evaluate the fee structure for every vehicle’s entry and exit. Nowadays parking is very
important and hence it is necessary for every vehicle owner to park his or her car in a secure
designated parking slot available. To escalate this particular system various parking owners have
integrated themselves with sophisticated parking control systems, which are high tech and offers
full-fledged parking services.
44
REFERENCES
JOURNALS/ RESEARCH PAPERS
1. John, D., Smith, R., & Lee, K. (2018). "IoT-Enabled Smart Parking Systems: A Review." IoT Journal,
Edition 1, 2018.
2. Patel, S., Kumar, P., & Desai, A. (2019). "MQTT: A Lightweight Protocol for IoT Applications."
Wiley India, Edition 2, 2019.
3. Kumar, R., & Singh, T. (2020). "IoT Solutions for Smart Cities." Springer, Edition 1, 2020.
4. Gupta, A., Raj, S., & Mehta, P. (2017). "Sensor Technologies for Parking Management." IEEE
Transactions on Smart Systems, Edition 3, 2017.
5. Sharma, K., & Verma, R. (2021). "Energy-Efficient IoT Systems: Design and Applications." McGraw
Hill, Edition 1, 2021.
6. Rao, P., Sharma, N., & Gupta, A. (2020). "Cloud Computing in IoT-Enabled Systems." Pearson,
Edition 2, 2020.
7. Williams, J., Parker, L., & Green, M. (2019). "Impact of Automation on Urban Traffic." Elsevier,
Edition 1, 2019.
8. Yadav, K., & Roy, S. (2018). "Real-Time Data Analysis in Parking Management." Springer, Edition
1, 2018.
WEBSITES
1. https://www.hivemq.com/mqtt-essentials/
2. https://docs.arduino.cc/hardware/uno-rev3/
PROJECT SUMMARY
About Project
Title of the project Car Parking System using Arduino uno
Semester 7th
Members 5 members
Team Leader Ashutosh Rathore

Chirag Dewangan (Coding)
Ashutosh Rathore (Reference, Presentation)
Describe role of every Shreya Singh Rathore (Documentation)
member in the project Ajay Meena (Model Creation)
Amit Kumar (Model Creation, Documentation)
This project addresses the rising demand for efficient parking systems in
What is the motivation for congested urban areas. It aims to reduce time wastage and traffic by
selecting this project? providing real-time parking updates using IoT. Automating parking
processes improves space utilization and user convenience. The solution is
scalable, cost-effective, and aligns with smart city goals.
Project Type
(Desktop Application, Web IoT-based Embedded System Application
Application, Mobile App, Web)
Tools &Technologies
Programming language C++
used
Compiler used Arduino Uno
(with version)
IDE used Arduino IDE
(with version)
Front End Technologies

(with version, wherever
Applicable)
Back End Technologies

(with version, wherever
applicable)
Database used
(with version)
Software Design& Coding

Is prototype of the software Yes
developed?
SDLC model followed Waterfall
(Waterfall, Agile, Spiral etc.)
Why above SDLC model is The Waterfall Model is chosen because the project has well-defined
followed? requirements and follows a sequential process. It ensures proper
integration of hardware and software components by completing each
phase before moving to the next. This approach minimizes risks and
provides clarity at every stage.
Justify that the SDLC model The Waterfall SDLC model is followed as the project progresses
mentioned above is followed in through defined, sequential phases. Each phase, from requirements to
the project. design and implementation, is completed before moving to the next.
This approach suits the project’s clear objectives and ensures
systematic development with minimal changes.
Software Design approach The Object-Oriented Design (OOD) approach is followed, organizing
followed the system into objects representing entities like sensors and controllers.
(Functional or Object Oriented) This ensures modularity, reusability, and efficient interaction between
components while maintaining scalability.
Name the diagrams Use Case Diagram, Data Flow Diagram, Circuit Diagram, Architecture
developed Diagram
(According to the Design
approach followed)
In case Object Oriented

approach is followed, which of
the OOPS principles are
covered in design?
No. of Tiers 1
(example 3-tier)
Total no. of front-end pages 1
Total no. of tables in database

Database in which Normal
Form?
Are the entries in database
encrypted?
Front end validations applied No
(Yes / No)
Session management done
(in case of web applications)
Is application browser
compatible
(in case of web applications)
Exception handling done No
(Yes / No)
Commenting done in code Yes

(Yes / No)
Naming convention followed
(Yes / No)
What difficulties faced during Connection of ESP8266-01 Wi-Fi module

deployment of project?
Total no. of Use-cases
Give titles of Use-cases
Project Requirements
MVC architecture followed No
(Yes / No)
If yes, write the name of
MVC architecture followed
(MVC-1, MVC-2)
Design Pattern used
(Yes / No)
If yes, write the name of
Design Pattern used
Interface type
(CLI / GUI)
No. of Actors 2
Name of Actors User 1, User 2
Total no. of Functional 6

Requirements
Reliability, Usability, Scalability, Security, Maintainability,
List few important non- Availability
Functional Requirements
Testing
Which testing is performed? Yes
(Manual or Automation)
Is Beta testing done for this Yes

project?
Write project narrative covering above mentioned points
The project uses a 1-tier architecture, consisting of a Frontend (Client-side). The Frontend,
through the MQTT dashboard or mobile app, provides real-time updates on parking space
availability and allows users to interact with the system. It communicates with the backend via
the MQTT protocol.
This architecture offers a clear division of responsibilities, with the frontend focused on user
interaction and the backend handling sensor processing and hardware control. It ensures an
efficient, scalable, and easy-to-maintain system suitable for smart parking management.
Chirag Dewangan 0187CS211055

Ashutosh Rathore 0187CS211041
Shreya Singh Rathore 0187CS211160 Guide Signature
(Prof. Amit Kumar Rathore)
Ajay Meena 0187CS211016
Amit Kumar 0187CS211022
APPENDIX-1 GLOSSARY OF TERMS
A
Arduino IDE The Arduino IDE is an opensource program for writing and
uploading code to Arduino boards. The IDE program is
compatible with a variety of operating systems, including
Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. C and C++ are supported
programming languages. IDE stands for Integrated
Development Environment in this case. Sketching refers to
the process of writing a program or code in the Arduino IDE.
To upload the sketch written in the Arduino IDE software, we
must connect the Genuine and Arduino boards to the IDE. The
'.ino' extension is used to save the sketches.
Arduino Library The Library is considered as the advanced feature, which

extends the capabilities of the Arduino IDE. It means that the
libraries provide extra functionality to the programming
platform of Arduino. The libraries in Arduino are written in
C or C++ These libraries allow us to manipulate data and
work with the hardware. To implement any Library in the
Arduino IDE, go to the Sketch -> Import Library. There are
several libraries available for download. We can also create
our own library.
S
Servo-Motor A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that
allows for precise control of angular or linear position,
velocity and acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor
coupled to a sensor for position feedback. It also requires a
relatively sophisticated controller, often a dedicated module
designed specifically for use with servomotors.
Schematic Capture Schematic capture or schematic entry is a step in the design
cycle of electronic design automation (EDA) at which the
electronic diagram, or electronic schematic of the designed
electronic circuit is created by a designer. This is done
interactively with the help of a schematic capture tool also
known as schematic capture.

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CAR PARKING SYSTEM USING ARDUINO UNO

Chirag Dewangan 0187CS211055

Under the guidance of

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

TITLE PAGE NO.

List of Figures iii

1.1 About Project 2

1.2 Project Objectives 2

Chapter 2 Software & Hardware Requirements 4

Chapter 3 Problem Description 6

Chapter 4 Literature Survey 8

ACRONYM FULL FORM

FIG. NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

Additionally, the system leverages an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to connect to an MQTT

1.2.1 KEY GOALS OF THIS PROJECT INCLUDE

1.2.1.1 AUTOMATE AND SIMPLFY PARKING MANAGEMENT

1.2.1.2 FACILITATE REAL-TIME MONITORING AND ALERTS

1.2.1.3 ENHANCE SECURITY AND CONTROL

1.2.1.4 OPTIMIZE LIMITED PARKING SPACE

1.2.1.5 ENABLE SCALABILITY FOR LARGER SYSTEMS

1.2.1.6 MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

2.1.1 ARDUINO IDE

2.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

categorized based on minimum and recommended configurations to ensure compatibility

2.2.1 ARDUINO UNO

3.2 LACK OF REAL-TIME MONITORING

3.3 NEED FOR AUTOMATED PARKING MANAGEMENT

3.4 SCALABILITY AND ADAPTIBILITY ISSUES

5.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

5.1.1 PARKING SLOT DETECTION

5.1.2 VEHICLE ENTRY/EXIT DETECTION

IR sensors detect vehicle movement at entry/exit to update slot availability.

5.1.3 BARRIER CONTROL

Servo motor opens/closes the barrier based on slot availability.

5.1.4 REAL-TIME DATA COMMUNICATION

ESP8266 transmits slot data to an MQTT broker for dashboard display.

5.1.5 DASHBOARD DISPLAY

Shows real-time parking slot status for remote monitoring.

5.1.6 ERROR NOTIFICATION

System alerts when a sensor or component encounters an error.

5.2 NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Ensures at least 99% uptime for uninterrupted monitoring.

Simple and clear dashboard interface for easy status monitoring.

Supports the addition of extra slots by adding more sensors.

Ensures secure, encrypted data communication.

System is operational 24/7 to track and display real-time parking data.

5.3.1 RESPONSE TIME

5.3.2 DATA TRANSMISSION SPEED

Dashboard updates occur within 1 second of data transmission.

5.3.3 SYSTEM LATENCY

5.3.4 ERROR RECOVERY

Automatic recovery and alerts in case of connection or hardware errors.

5.3.5 DATA REFRESH RATE

Dashboard displays refresh every few seconds to reflect accurate status.

5.3.6 NETWORK RELIABILITY

Stable connection with MQTT broker for uninterrupted data flow.

5.4.1 DATA ENCRYPTION

5.4.2 ACCESS CONTROL

5.4.3 AUTHENTICATION AND AUTHORIZATION

5.3.4 NETWORK SECURITY