THE BUSINESS 2.

0: GLOSSARY

Vietnamese
Term Definition
meaning

Business Fundamental:

Công nghiệp industries that produce energy or basic materials,

Primary industry
sơ cấp such as coal, oil, metals, crops, etc.

industries where finished products are made from

Secondary Công nghiệp
materials produced in the primary sector,
industry thứ cấp
including manufacturing, construction, etc.

industries where consist of provision of service

Công nghiệp instead of producing goods, such as
Tertiary/service
dịch vụ entertainment, tourism, medical providers,
educators, etc.

Doanh nghiệp The business is owned by one person who is

Sole trader
tư nhận responsible for any debts.

Công ty Two or more people run the business or partners

Partnership
hợp danh share profits and losses.

The business model that the personal assets of the

Limited liability members are generally protected from the debts,
Công ty trách
company liabilities, and legal obligations of the company.
nhiệm hữu hạn
(Ltd/LLC) In the event of lawsuits or financial issues,
members' personal assets are typically not at risk.

The company is owned by shareholders who

Public limited Công ty
receive dividends and gain or lose money if share
(PLC/Corp/Inc) đại chúng
prices go up or down

Doanh nghiệp Business to business - companies sell to

B2B
sản xuất companies individuals

Doanh nghiệp Business to consumer – companies sell to

B2C
phân phối individuals
 Người tiêu dùng Consumer to consumer - individuals sell to
C2C tới người tiêu individuals
dùng

Third party vendors or consultants sell a

B2B2C
company's products to consumers.

The income that a company receives regularly

Revenue Doanh thu
through selling goods or products.

(a part of) the profit of a company that is paid to

Dividend Cổ tức
the people who own shares in it.

Lợi nhuận profit in a particular period that it decides to keep,

Retained profit
giữ lại rather than paying it to shareholders as a dividend.

the profit a business makes after subtracting all

Gross profit Lợi nhuận gộp the costs that are related to manufacturing and
selling its products or services.

Cost of the amount of money that a company spends to

Chi phí
goods sold make and sell products in a particular financial
sản xuất
(COGS) period (wages, raw materials, etc.)

a company's profit from its normal business

Operating profit Lợi nhuận activities, not including any earned from
(OP) hoạt động investments or sales of assets
OP = OR - COGS

Operating cost Chi phí a cost relating to producing a company's goods or

(OC) hoạt động services. / OC = COGS + SG&A

Net profit the money a company has left over after it

Lợi nhuận ròng
after tax accounts for all costs and expenses, including tax.
sau thuế
(NPAT)

Tax Thuế money paid to the government that is based on the

company’s income or the cost of bought goods or
 services.

The process of imposing and collecting taxes by a

government/tax authority from individuals,
Taxation Sự đánh thuế
businesses, based on income, profits, property,
transactions, or various goods and services.

The amount by which something, such as a piece

of equipment, is reduced in value in a company's
Depreciation Khấu hao
financial accounts, over the period of time it has
been in use.

Asset Tài sản The company’s money/property/land/etc.

Liability Nợ phải trả The amount of money that a company owes.

Corporate culture:

A set of guidelines or rules that dictate the

Quy định appropriate attire or clothing that individuals
Dress code
trang phục should wear in particular settings, events, or
organizations.

A set of expected behaviors, customs, and rules

that govern professional interactions and conduct
Văn hóa
Business etiquette in a business or work environment (norms,
kinh doanh
guidelines, and practices  follow to maintain
professionalism and respect with others)

Chief Executive Officer.

The highest-ranking executive or leader in a
Giám đốc company or organization, who is responsible for
CEO
điều hành making major corporate decisions, managing the
overall operations, and driving the strategic
direction of the company.

COO Giám đốc phụ Chief Operating Officer.

trách điều hành/ The senior executive who reports directly to the
 CEO, they focused on the day-to-day operations
Giám đốc vận and execution of the company's strategies, ensure
hành efficient operations, and collaborate with other
executives.

Chief Financial Officer.

Giám đốc tài The senior executive responsible for managing
CFO
chính the financial activities and strategies of a
company.

The process of evaluating or assessing the value,

Appraisal Sự thẩm định
quality, or performance of something or someone.

The level of dedication, responsibility, and loyalty

Work Sự tận tâm
an individual demonstrates towards their job or
commitment trong công việc
work-related responsibilities.

The phenomenon of frequently changing jobs or

Job hopping Nhảy việc
employers within a short period.

A separate location or office of a company or

organization, they are established to extend the
Branch Chi nhánh
reach of an organization in different geographical
areas.

A distinct functional area within an organization,

Bộ phân 1 tổ created to group related products, services, or
Division
chức operations together based on common
characteristics or strategies.

Research and Development.

Phòng nghiên The department of a company or organization to
R&D
cứu và phát triển innovate, improve, and develop new products,
services, or processes.

Nghề nghiệp A paid occupation, especially one that involves

Profession
chuyên môn prolonged training and a formal qualification.
 A company that is controlled or majority-owned
Subsidiary Công ty con
by the parent company/holding company.

A visual diagram that illustrates the structure and

Sơ đồ tổ chức hierarchy of an organization (departments,
Organigram
công ty positions, and reporting relationships within the
organization)

Customer support:

A set of behavioral norms or expectations that

Quy tắc bất
Unwritten rule exist within a group, organization, or society but
thành văn
are not explicitly stated or documented.

A perspective watched from a high point, similar

Góc nhìn to the view that a bird would have while flying,
Bird’s-eye view
bao quát providing a broad and comprehensive overview of
a scene, landscape, or situation.

A meal that is provided to individuals at a reduced

cost, often with a portion of the expense covered
Bữa ăn được by an external entity such as an employer,
Subsidized meal
trợ cấp government program, or organization, making
them more affordable and accessible for
employees to receive.

A private and focused discussion between two

One-to-one Cuộc gặp gỡ
individuals within an organization that allows for
meeting một đối một
open feedback and collaboration.

An office or facility with a large number of

Trung tâm tiếp customer service representatives handle incoming
Call centre
nhận cuộc gọi and outgoing telephone calls for customer
supports.

Employee Sự hài lòng của The contentment, happiness, and overall positive
satisfaction nhân viên judgements that employees experience in their
 work environment.

Escalate/replace Trình diện vấn To transfer a matter or responsibility to a higher

sth to sb đề lên cấp cao authority or another individual.

A phenomenon where a company or organization

High staff Tỷ lệ nhân viên experiences a significant rate of employees
turnover nghỉ việc cao leaving or being replaced within a relatively short
period of time.

The amount of money a person is paid for each

Hourly rate Lương theo giờ
hour of work they perform.

A position of employment that offers little or no

opportunity for growth, advancement, or career
Công việc
Dead-end job development. It is a job that typically lacks
“ngõ cụt”
prospects for promotion, increased responsibility,
or increased compensation over time.

The act of presenting someone with a gift as a

Gift-giving Tặng quà
token of appreciation, celebration, or goodwill.

Products and Packaging

The negative feeling that can arise when

Sự khó chịu khi
Wrap rage attempting to unwrap packaging, particularly it is
mở gói hàng
difficult, complicated, or requires force or tools.

A detailed description or set of number that

Specification Chỉ số sản phẩm outline the characteristics and features of a
product.

Ý tưởng Inconvenient, impractical, or even impossible idea

Unfeasible idea
không khả thi

Energy efficiency/energy conservation device

Energy-saving Thiết bị tiết A product designed to reduce energy consumption
device kiệm năng lượng and promote more efficient use of energy
resources.
 Fire-retardant Vật liệu Material/substances that are designed to resist or
materials chống cháy slow down the spread of fire and combustion.

Shock-resistant/ruggedized personal stereo

Shockproof Thiết bị âm
A device designed to withstand physical shocks
personal stereo thanh chống sốc
and impacts without being damaged.

Bao bì an toàn Childproof packaging

Child-resistant
kể cả trong vòng Packaging is designed to prevent young children
packaging
tay trẻ em from doing harm.

Tamper-resistant Bao bì chống Packaging is designed to provide visible evidence

packaging giả mạo to prevent tampering attempts.

Công nghệ Technology adapts to future changes, challenges,

Future-proof
hướng tới or advancements.
technology
tương lai

Công nghệ Technology which is highly unlikely to fail or be

Foolproof
không thể sử misused, even by someone who lacks knowledge
technology
dụng sai or experience.

Attention- Thiết kế nắm bắt Designs that able to capture or hold people's
grabbing design sự chú ý attention in a captivating manner.

A visual representation/prototype of a design ,

Mockup Bản giả lập which is created to provide a realistic preview of
the final product.

A substance or material that is designed to slow

Retardant Chất làm chậm down or prevent the spread or progression of a
process.

A detailed technical drawing or plan that serves as

Blueprint Bản vẽ thiết kế
a guide for constructing/manufacturing a product.

Money that an employee receives for doing their

Compensation Tiền lương
job. (=Salary)