1. Given: A plane wall has a temperature difference of 30°C across it, with an area of 2 m² and thickness of 0.

5
m. Thermal conductivity (k) of the wall material is 0.8 W/m·K.
Question: What is the heat transfer rate through the wall?

(A) 24 W

(B) 96 W

(C) 48 W

(D) 120 W

2. Given: An iron rod (k = 80 W/m·K) of 1 m length has a cross-sectional area of 0.01 m². The temperature
difference across its length is 50°C.
Question: Calculate the heat conduction rate through the rod.

(A) 40 W

(B) 80 W

(C) 30 W

(D) 20 W

3. Given: A blackbody has an area of 5 m² and is at a temperature of 500 K. The Stefan-Boltzmann constant (σ)
is 5.67 x 10⁻⁸ W/m²·K⁴.
Question: What is the radiation emitted by the blackbody?

(A) 750 W

(B) 7,087.5 W

(C) 5,670 W

(D) 10,000 W

4. Given: A fluid with a temperature of 100°C flows over a solid surface at 70°C. The convection heat transfer
coefficient is 50 W/m²·K. The area of the surface is 3 m².
Question: What is the rate of heat transfer by convection?

(A) 4,500 W

(B) 1,500 W

(C) 2,100 W

(D) 5,500 W

5. Given: The thermal conductivity of water is 0.6 W/m·K, and that of copper is 400 W/m·K.
Question: Which material conducts heat faster, and by what factor?

(A) Water, by 10

(B) Copper, by 666.67

(C) Water, by 666.68

(D) Copper, by 10

6. Flash point of a certain liquid is 35°C.

Question: Under what classification does this liquid fall for fire hazard purposes?

(A) Non-combustible

(B) Combustible
 (C) Flammable

(D) Ignitable

7. Given: A fluid moving over a surface with a temperature difference of 20°C has a heat transfer coefficient of
100 W/m²·K, and the area is 2 m².
Question: Calculate the convective heat transfer rate.

(A) 200 W

(B) 4,000 W

(C) 20,000 W

(D) 400 W

8. Given: The temperature gradient across a wall is 15°C/m, and the thermal conductivity is 1.5 W/m·K.
Question: What is the heat flux through the wall?

(A) 10 W/m²

(B) 5 W/m²

(C) 22.5 W/m²

(D) 115 W/m²

9. Given: A surface at 80°C loses heat by radiation to surroundings at 30°C, with an emissivity of 0.8 and a
surface area of 2 m². Stefan-Boltzmann constant (σ) is 5.67 x 10⁻⁸ W/m²·K⁴.
Question: Calculate the rate of heat loss by radiation.

(A) 87.7 W

(B) 75 W

(C) 62.3 W

(D) 100 W

10. Given: A wall with thermal conductivity of 0.5 W/m·K has a temperature difference of 10°C over a 0.25 m
thickness. The wall’s area is 4 m².
Question: Determine the conduction heat transfer rate.

(A) 20 W

(B) 80 W

(C) 40 W

(D) 600 W

11. Given: The thermal conductivity of a metal alloy is 100 W/m·K, while for rubber it is 0.15 W/m·K.
Question: Which material is a better thermal conductor, and by how much?

(A) Rubber, by 1000 times

(B) Metal alloy, by 666.67 times

(C) Rubber, by 50 times

(D) Metal alloy, by 10 times

12. Black body surfaces have an emissivity of 1.0, whereas polished surfaces typically have an emissivity of
around 0.05.
Question: Which surface will emit more radiation at the same temperature?
 (A) Blackbody

(B) Polished surface

(C) Both emit the same

(D) Cannot determine

13. Given: A fluid at 90°C flows over a surface at 60°C with a convection coefficient of 25 W/m²·K and an area of
3 m².
Question: What is the rate of convective heat transfer?

(A) 500 W

(B) 2,250 W

(C) 11,500 W

(D) 750 W

14. Higher thermal conductivity is a characteristic of diamond compared to water.

Question: Why does diamond conduct heat better than water?

(A) Higher lattice vibrational energy and free electron transport

(B) Density is higher

(C) Lower heat capacity

(D) Greater mass

15. Given: A blackbody emits 600 W of radiation.

Question: If the emissivity of a real surface is 0.6, what will be the emitted radiation from the real surface
under similar conditions?

(A) 400 W

(B) 360 W

(C) 60 W

(D) 48 W

16. Flash point of gasoline is -40°C.

Question: What classification does gasoline fall under based on its flash point?

(A) Flammable liquid

(B) Non-flammable

(C) Non-combustible

(D) Combustible

17. Given: A material with a thermal conductivity of 0.3 W/m·K is used in a wall of area 5 m² and thickness 0.1 m
with a temperature difference of 40°C.
Question: Determine the rate of heat transfer by conduction.

(A) 60 W

(B) 600 W

(C) 120 W

(D) 2400 W
18. It is a common experience to feel "chilly" in winter and "warm" in summer in our homes even when the
thermostat setting is kept the same. This is due to the so called "radiation effect" resulting from radiation
heat exchange between our bodies and the surrounding surfaces of the walls and the ceiling.
Consider a person standing in a room maintained at 22°C at all times. The inner surfaces of the walls, floors,
and the ceiling of the house are observed to be at an average temperature of 10°C in winter and 25°C in
summer.
Determine the rate of radiation heat transfer between this person and the surrounding surfaces if the
exposed surface area and the average outer surface temperature of the person are 1.4 m? and 30°C,
respectively

The emissivity of person is E=

(A) 0.60 W

(B) 0.95 W

(C) 0.12 W

(D) 2.4 W

19. Qrad, winter =

(A) 152W

(B) 950 W

(C) 120 W

(D) 124 W

20. Qrad, summer =

(A) 35 W

(B) 95 W

(C) 40.9 W

(D) 24 W

21. Consider a house that has a floor space of 2000 ft and an average height of 9 ft at 5000 ft elevation
where the standard atmospheric pressure is 12.2 psia (Fig. 1-22). Initially the house is at a uniform
temperature of 50°F. Now the electric heater is turned on, and the heater runs until the air temperature in
the house rises to an average value of 70°F. Determine the amount of energy transferred to the air assuming
(a) the house is air-tight and thus no air escapes during the heating process and (b) some air escapes through
the cracks as the heated air in the house expands at constant pressure. Also determine the cost of this heat
for each case if the cost of electricity in that area is $0.075/kWh.

The value of V=

(A) 180,000 ft3

(B) 1800 ft3

(C) 18,000 ft3

(D) 18 ft3

22. The value of V=

(A) 1,162 Ibm

(B) 11,852 Ibm

 (C) 1000 Ibm

(D) 453 Ibm

23. (a) The amount of energy transferred to air at constant volume is simply the

change in its internal energy, and is determined from

(A) 3974 btu

(B) 39740 btu

(C) 524 btu

(D) 2871 btu

24. At a unit cost of $0.075/kWh, the total cost of this energy is

(A) $0.078

(B) $0.01

(C) $0.1

(D) $0.087

25. (b) The amount of energy transferred to air at constant pressure is the change

In its enthalpy, and Is determined from

(A) 55780 btu

(B) 5578 btu

(C) 5128 btu

(D) 4523 btu

26. At a unit cost of $0.075/kWh, the total cost of this energy is

(A) $0.24

(B) $0.115

(C) $0.1

(D) $0.123

27. Can you describe what thermodynamics is mainly concerned with:

(A) The amount of heat transfer

(B) The rate of heat transfer

(C) The change in equilibrium states

(D) The specific heat of substances

28. Name the primary process involved in heat transfer.

(A) Equilibrium phenomenon

(B) Nonequilibrium phenomenon

(C) Closed system phenomenon

(D) Constant temperature phenomenon

29. State the law that requires heat to flow from high to low temperatures.

(A) First law of thermodynamics

(B) Second law of thermodynamics

(C) Newton's law of cooling

(D) Fourier’s law of heat conduction

30. The driving force for heat transfer is:

(A) Voltage difference

(B) Pressure difference

(C) Temperature difference

(D) Mass flow rate

31. Recognize the categories into which heat transfer problems in engineering can be divided:

A) Conduction and radiation

(B) Fluid and solid heat transfer

(C) Rating and sizing problems

(D) Steady and unsteady heat transfer

32. Heat transfer equipment like heat exchangers is mainly analyzed based on:

(A) Heat transfer rate

(B) Pressure gradients

(C) Mass flow rate

(D) Equilibrium conditions

33. By what name is the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 lbm of water by 1°F known?

(A) Calorie

(B) British thermal unit (Btu)

(C) Joule

(D) Kilocalorie

34. Knowing that sensible energy in a system is associated with what?

(A) Potential energy of molecules

(B) Internal energy change in phase

(C) Kinetic energy of molecules

(D) Chemical energy bonds

35. For an ideal gas, the relationship between specific heats is:

(A) cp = cv + R

(B) cp = cv - R

(C) cp = R
 (D) cp = cv / R

36. Conduction occurs in:

(A) Solids, liquids, and gases

(B) Only in liquids

(C) Only in gases

(D) Only in solids

37. From which law is conduction governed?

(A) Fourier’s law

(B) Newton’s law of cooling

(C) Stefan–Boltzmann law

(D) Kirchhoff’s law

38. By what means does convection heat transfer require?

(A) Thermal radiation

(B) Bulk fluid motion

(C) Electromagnetic waves

(D) A vacuum

39. For what factors does the heat transfer coefficient in convection depend?

(A) Fluid motion and surface geometry

(B) Only surface area

(C) Thermal conductivity of the solid

(D) Density of the gas

40. Name the type of convection driven by temperature-induced density differences.

(A) Forced convection

(B) Natural convection

(C) Radiation

(D) Conduction

41. Describe why radiation heat transfer is unique.

(A) Because it requires a gas

(B) Because it only occurs in solids

(C) Because it does not require a medium

(D) Because it occurs only at very high temperatures

42. The first law of thermodynamics is also known as:

(A) as Conservation of momentum

(B) by Law of entropy

 (C) the Conservation of energy principle

(D) as Law of thermal equilibrium

43. How is the energy change in a closed system with no work interactions explained?

(A) By vibration

(B) By work transfer only

(C) By mass flow only

(D) By heat transfer only

44. The control volume with no change in kinetic and potential energies under steady flow conditions is:

(A) Constant in total energy

(B) Constant in enthalpy

(C) Constant in momentum

(D) Constant in pressure

45. Assess what thermal conductivity measures.

(A) A material’s ability to conduct heat

(B) Heat storage capacity

(C) Latent heat release

(D) Temperature change with mass

46. Can you identify which material generally has high thermal conductivity?

(A) Water

(B) Copper

(C) Air

(D) Rubber

47. Name the formula that gives the rate of convection heat transfer.

(A) Fourier’s law

(B) Newton’s law of cooling

(C) Stefan–Boltzmann law

(D) First law of thermodynamics

48. Explain what drives the fluid flow in forced convection.

(A) External sources like fans or pumps

(B) Density differences

(C) Thermal radiation

(D) Gravitational forces

49. State the method used to calculate the maximum rate of radiation from a surface.

(A) Newton’s law

 (B) Stefan–Boltzmann law

(C) Fourier’s law

(D) Conservation of mass

50. By which function the blackbody is characterized:

(A) Perfect emission and absorption

(B) No radiation absorption

(C) Low emissivity

(D) High reflectivity

51. Emissivity of a surface ranges from:

(A) 1 to 10

(B) 0 to 1

(C) -1 to 1

(D) 0.5 to 1.5

52. Combined heat transfer involves:

(A) Conduction

(B) Convection

(C) Radiation

(D) All of above

53. State the primary focus of PtD concepts in heat transfer.

(A) Efficiency

(B) Material costs

(C) Thermal equilibrium

(D) Safety and hazard prevention

54. The lowest temperature at which a liquid can vaporize and ignite is called the ………..

(A) Melting pointv

(B) Boiling point

(C) Autoignition temperature

(D) Flash point.

55. At what temperature does a substance spontaneously ignite without an ignition source?

(A) Flash point

(B) Autoignition temperature

(C) Boiling point

(D) Critical point

56. People tend to feel comfortable within the operative temperature range of:

(A) 23°C to 27°C

(B) 15°C to 20°C

(C) 5°C to 15°C

(D) 30°C to 35°C