Eca Lab Report 03

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ECA LAB Report 03
Electric Circuits Analysis I (COMSATS University Islamabad)
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Lab 03: Resistor Combinations - Series and Parallel

Theory: Resistance in series
The circuit in which the current remains the same and the voltage is
different across each resistor is called a series circuit, as shown in
Figure 3.1. In a series circuit the total resistance is the sum of
individual resistance values. If k number of resistors is connected in
series then the equivalent resistance Req is given by,
Req R1  R2  ...  Rk (3.1)

k
Or Req  Ri (3.2)
i 1
Objectives:
 Learn how to connect the resistors in series and parallel on breadboard.
 To measure the equivalent resistance of series and parallel combination of resistors using
digital multi-meter (DMM), and compare with its theoretical value.
 To verify that same amount of current flows through each series circuit element.
 To verify that equal voltage appears across each parallel circuit element.
In-Lab Task: 01
Task 1. Take any three resistors of your choice. Resistance values are
marked onto the body of the resistor using a series of colored bands.
Find their individual resistance values through color code identification
and record these in Table 3.2.Connect the three resistors in series as
shown in Figure 3.2.
Calculate the value of equivalent series resistance Req and record the
value in Table 3.2.
Task 2. Measure the equivalent resistance of the circuit on breadboard

using the Digital Multi-meter (DMM) being set for resistance
measurement; and record the value in Table 3.2. Do the measured and
calculated equivalent resistance values agree?Apply 5V across the
terminals of the series combination of three resistors on breadboard.
The terminals are circled and shown in Figure 3.2.Use Ohm’s law to
calculate the value of current iT flowing in the circuit. Record this value
in Table 3.2.
Task 3. Use DMM being set as ammeter to measure the value of total
current iT flowing through the circuit as shown in Figure 3.3. Record
the value in Table 3.2. Do the measured and calculated current values
agree?Connect the ammeter in series with the first resistor R1. The
value would give the current I1 flowing through R1. Record the value of current in Table 3.2. Similarly, connect the ammeter
in series with the remaining two resistors R2 and R3; and record the I2 and I3 current values in Table 3.2. All these values
should be same, which shows that when connected in series, the resistors have same amount of current flowing through
them.

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Task 4. Create the circuits shown in figure 3.1 in LTSPICE. Simulate the circuit and observe all the branch voltages and
currents. Record the values mentioned in measurement tables.
CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATION: LT-SPICE SIMULATION:
MEASURMENTS TABLE: SERIES COMBINATION
Value of R1 (Ω) Value of R2 (Ω) Value of R3 (Ω) Req calculated(Ω) Req measured(Ω)
12 15 20 47 47
iT (mA) calculated iT (mA) measured V1 (V) measured V2 (V) measured V3 (V) measured
0.0001 0.0001 5 3.4 1.27
iT (mA) Simulated V1 (V) Simulated V2 (V) Simulated V3 (V) Simulated
0.0001 5 3.334 1.27
Resistances in parallel:
In a parallel circuit voltage across all the resistors remains the same and the supply current or
total current is the sum of the individual currents in different parallel paths. The sum of the
reciprocal of parallel resistances connected in the circuit is equal to the reciprocal of the
equivalent resistance connected in the circuit. If k number of resistors is connected in parallel
then the equivalent resistance Req is given by,
1 1 1 1
   ...  (3.3)
Req R1 R2 Rk

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CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATION: LT-SPICE SIMULATION:
MEASURMENTS TABLE: PARALLEL COMBINANTION
Value of R1 (Ω) Value of R2 (Ω) Value of R3 (Ω) Req calculated(Ω) Req measured(Ω)
15 20 12 5 4.98
iT (mA) calculated iT (mA) measured V1 (V) measured V2 (V) measured V3 (V) measured
0.001 0.001 0.00003 0.00006 0.00003
iT (mA) Simulated V1 (V) Simulated V2 (V) Simulated V3 (V) Simulated
0.001 0.00003 0.00006 0.00003
CRITICAL ANALYSIS:
In this lab, we learned how to connect resistors both in series and parallel combinations on
breadboard and make their individual circuits.
Then we learned how to measure current and voltage of both the circuits and also how to
measure the equivalent resistance (Req) and equivalent voltage (Veq) across the complete
circuit. We compared among the measured, calculated and simulated values of the voltage and
resistance and noted the difference. Also, we found out and verified that same amount of

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current flows through each series circuit element. Similarly, that equal voltage appears across
each parallel circuit element.
Post Lab Task

Questions
1. Assume that you have a 100 Ω resistor. You want to add a resistor in series with this 100
Ω resistor in order to limit the current to 0.5 amps when 110 volts is placed across the two
resistors in series. How much resistance should you use?
Answer:
Given: R1=100 Ω ,V=110v ,I=o.5amp
Using Ohm's law
V=IR
V=I (R1+R)
110=0.5(100+R)
R=120Ω
2. Identify the resistances pairs that are in parallel in the following circuit:
Answer:
The resistor 2 and 2 are parallel to eachother and they both are parrallel to 9.
Resistor 3 and 6 are parallel to eachother and to resistor 10.
3. What is the equivalent resistance of the following resistance combination?

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Answer:
Consider: R1=8 Ω ,R2=6 Ω ,R3=8 Ω ,R4=4 Ω, R5=2 Ω, R6=6 Ω ,R7=4 Ω
First we will add the resistor in series(R4+R5)
4+2=6
NOW we will add and divide resistor in parallel
R3+(R4+R5) / R3*(R4+R5)=0.291 Ω
R6+R7 / R6*R7=0.416 Ω
Adding them with resistor in series
6.41 Ω
8.29 Ω
Both are parallel
Req =0.276 Ω
Lab Assessment
Pre Lab /1
In Lab /5 /10
Data Analysis /4
Post Lab Data /4

/4
Presentation
Writing Style /4
Instructor Signature and Comments

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lOMoARcPSD|46645619

ECA LAB Report 03

Electric Circuits Analysis I (COMSATS University Islamabad)

Scan to open on Studocu

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by Rayan Ali (lastpartofdeath@gmail.com)

Lab 03: Resistor Combinations - Series and Parallel

Req R1  R2  ...  Rk (3.1)

Task 2. Measure the equivalent resistance of the circuit on breadboard

Downloaded by Rayan Ali (lastpartofdeath@gmail.com)

MEASURMENTS TABLE: SERIES COMBINATION

iT (mA) Simulated V1 (V) Simulated V2 (V) Simulated V3 (V) Simulated

0.0001 5 3.334 1.27

Downloaded by Rayan Ali (lastpartofdeath@gmail.com)

CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATION: LT-SPICE SIMULATION:

MEASURMENTS TABLE: PARALLEL COMBINANTION

iT (mA) Simulated V1 (V) Simulated V2 (V) Simulated V3 (V) Simulated

0.001 0.00003 0.00006 0.00003

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Post Lab Task

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Post Lab Data /4

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