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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
49 viewsTraction System
28 slide in hjodaoordj9ok
Uploaded by
Niladri DuttaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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CONTENTS
> INTRODUCTION
> WHY ELECTRIC TRACTION SYSTEM?
> TYPE OF ELECTRIC TRACTION
> TYPE OF TRACK ELECTRIFICATION
> SINGLE CATENARY CONSTRUCTION
> SYSTEM OF TRACK ELECTRIFICATION
> MAJOR COMPOTENTS
> COMPONENTS OF AN A.C LOCOMOTIVE
> CONCLOUSION Introduction
» The process of moving any vehicle is called traction. If the
Electric energy is use in this process is called electric
traction.
> Classified broadly into groups namely:
¥ Non-Electric traction system/Mechanical traction
system:-
Traction system do not involve the use of electricity
such as steam engine drive , IC engine drive etc.
v Electric Traction system:-
The system which use electrical power for traction system
i.e for railways , trams trolleys , etc. called electric traction. WHY ELECTRIC TRACTION SYSTEM?
v Cheapness : Low operation cost.
¥ Cleanliness: Smoke and gas free.
v Maintenance cost: 50% less than other steam
system.
Y Starting time and speed: Without loss of time.
Y High starting torque: Use of D.C & A.C series motor-
Very high starting torque.
Y Braking: Regenerative breaking is used
which feedback energy.
Y Saving in high grade coal: Saving of non-renewable
energy source. TYPE OF ELECTRIC TRACTION SYSTEMS
DC Traction AC Traction AEN tame icone) DC Traction
Y DC traction units use direct current drawn from conductor
rail or an overhead lines.
Y The most popular line voltage for overhead wire supply
systems-15kV DC and 3okV DC.
Y 600V-750V DC volt range is used for third rail systems
(additional rail is provided for supplying electricity to train
and is called conductor rail).
Disadvantage:-
= Expensive substations are required at
frequent intervals. eosiait SGiciesilute
" The overhead wire or third rail must be
relatively large and heavy.
™ Voltage goes on decreasing on | ae
with increase in length 6"6 ere
Motor Typical Voltage Used are:-
25kV AC, 50 HZ
25kV AC, 60 Hz
_Advantages:-
| "Fewer substations are required.
"Lighting overhead current supply wire can be used.
-*Reduced capital cost of electrification
™ Reduced weight of support structure.
Electrical Systerms (AC) Multi-Systems
¥ Multi-system trains are used to provides continuous journeys
along routes that are electrified using more than one system.
Y One way to accomplish this is by changing locomotives at the
switching stations.
Y These stations have overhead wires that can be switch from one
voltage to another.
Y Another way is to use multi-system locomotives that cam operates
under several different voltage and current type. System of Track Electrification
Y Trolley wire or contact wire- suspended with of sag so that
contact between the trolley wire and current collector can be
maintained at high speeds.
Y This wire is supported by another wire known as catenary.
Y Two different type of catenary construction can be used.
» Single Catenary
> Compound Catenary Type of Track Electrification
> Single Catenary
Construction
Y Provided for speed up to
120kmph.
¥ Span of catenary wire 45-90m
and sag of 1-2m
Y Relatively cheaper
¥ Less maintenance
Y Suitable where traffic is danger
more and operating speeds are
low
camer
ft RENE
ae
| ie Sear ||
> Compound Catenary
Construction
Y Provided for speeds range
190-224kmph
Y’ Additional wire called
intermediate wire is use to
increase current carrying
capacity i.e to have
increase traffic density
Trolley wire
"t
_— Catenary or messenger wire
Intermediate
Dropper catenary
Loop wire
L TRANSMISSION SYSTEM Types of current collector
Y Bow collector:- A bow collector is one of
the three main device used on tramears
to transfer electric current from the wire
above to the tram below . It has now
largely replaced by the pantograph
Y Pantograph collector:-Main function is to
maintain the link between overhead
contact wire and power circuit of the
locomotive at varying speeds in different
climate and wind condition COMPONENTS OF AN AC LOCOMOTIVE
‘Recilier’ tery, a anetommer, | Ae Brush 3-Phase AC Motors:
Phase AC Motors Inverter Toomer S-phase
AC motors
Block Diagram of Modern AC Electric Locomotive Parts of Electric Locomotive
**TRAMSFORMER
Y The line voltage has to be stepped down before use on the train.
Y Traction Transformer for trains and railway stock transform the
overhead contact line voltage ,;which ranges mainly from 15kV or
25kV to voltage (0.7kV and 1.5kV).
Y Normally Transformer use are of rating 5600kVA to 7200kVA RECTIFIER
Y Arectifier consists of thyristors and
diodes which is used to convert AC to DC
¥ Instead of conventional bridge rectifier
thyristors are used.
v A modern locomotive usually have at
least two “Main Rectifier”.
Vd.c=2Vmax/i
=0.637Vmax=0.9Vrms
a
E
=H INVERTER
Y The inverter are used for converting De power from a fixed
voltage DC supply into an AC output voltage of variable
frequency and fixed or variable output AC voltage. DC Link
¥ Used on modern electronic power system between the 1-
phase rectifier and 3-phase inverter.
¥ Itis easier to convert the single phase AC from the
overhead line to the 3-phase required for the motors by
rectifying it to DC and then inverting the de to 3-phase
AC.