Reduced Relative clauses.

1.

Hanoi, which is the capital of Vietnam, is 1,000 years old.

S be Noun phrase
Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is 1,000 years old.

Lan, who is the most beautiful girl in our class, doesn’t want to get married.
Lan, the most beautiful girl in our class, doesn’t want to get married.

I like Lan, who is the monitor of our class.

2.
He was the last person who left the room.
-> to leave the room.
She was the tallest girl who took part in the beauty contest.
=>

It is the only place that was chosen.

-> to be chosen.

I was the first person who had finished the test.

to have finished the test.

She is the only student who has been chosen for the national team.
=>

3.
-The man who sits next to me in class is very handsome.
The man sitting next to me in class is very handsome.

The school which stands at the foot of the hill is beautiful.

-This man, who saw the accident, is reporting it to the police

- Seeing the accident, the man is reporting it ...

That school, which stands at the city center, is small.

Standing ................................................

4.

The girls who have been chosen are not very beautiful.
The girls chosen are not very beautiful.
I like cars which are made in Japan.
- I like cars made in .....

This university, which was founded 100 years ago, is famous.

Founded .............., this .........................

By 4.30, there was only one painting which hadn’t been sold.
-> By .............................................painting not sold.

5.
The book which is on the table belongs to Tom.
S be Cum GT
The book on the table.....................

The man who is at the door is my uncle.

6.
The book which is blue is mine.
The blue book is mine

THAT
1.

This is the best film (that) I’ve ever seen.

He is the most intelligent student(that) I’ve met in my life.

2.
From here,I can see many people and cattle that are going downtown.
3. It is/ was .................. that ......................

It is Lan who/that is responsible for the party.

It was my car that was stolen last night.
It’s the place where I first met him.
It was in this place that I first met him.

He stole my chicken yesterday because he likes chicken soup.

It was ........... that ...........................

4.
All/ every/ no/ any/much /little + N.
Do all the exercises that I gave you.

NOTE:
The house has been rebuilt. It was destroyed in the fire.

A girl answered the door. She was ugly and impolite

The girl who answered the door was ...............

RELATIVE CLAUSES III

I. Combine the two sentences using relative clauses.
1. The film is about two people. Their plane crashed in the jungle.

2. The play is about a king. His ambition is to rule the world.

3. The ballet is about a princess. Her stepmother hated her.

4. The song is about two young lovers. Their romance ended happily.

5. I have bought a book. Its cover is blue.

6. A friend of mine helped me to get a job. Her father is the manager of a company.

7. Jason Douglas will be the star of the new Hollywood film. His last film has won 7 0scars

II. Fill in each gap with WHO, WHICH, WHOSE.

1. Whales and dolphins both make sounds ........... are similar to a language.
2. People .......... work with dolphins are often surprised at how intelligent they are.
3. One scientist ........... has studied dolphins carefully is John Lilly.
4. Another person........... work has become well known is Roger Fouts.
5. Fouts, ........... has studied other animals, taught a chimpanzee sign-language.
6. This is the kind of language ........... is used by deaf and dumb people.
7. "Dumb" is the word used in English for someone ........... is unable to speak.
8. The chimpanzee, ........... name was Washoe, learned about 160 signs.
9. My father, ........... is a doctor, is fifty years old now.
III . Fill in the gap with one relative pronoun.
1. The place .............. I went to school is a quiet town.
2. My brother, ................ has a moustache, is studying architecture.
3. The man ................ I saw on TV is a famous writer.
4. The day............... we left on our trip was Friday 11th.
5. The time ........... I broke my leg is one of my worst memories.
6. My car, ................ I've had since 1998, is a white Honda.
7. The Hotel Tyrol, ........... I stayed when I was in Italy, was a really nice hotel.
8. I'm working for a company ........... main office is in London.
9. The factory ................... employs 2,000 people makes cars.
IV. Complete the sentences with WHO/ WHOM / WHOSE/WHERE/ WHEN/ WHY.
1. I met a child ………… mother is a pilot.
2. What was the name of the person to ………….. you spoke on the phone?
3. The reason ………………. he didn't go to school is unknown to us.
4. I recently went back to the town ……………. I was born.
5. The woman with …………… I fell in love left him after a month.
6. The place ………………….. we spent our holiday was really beautiful.
7. An orphan is a child ……………. parents are dead.
8. I will never forget the day ………… I first met you.
9. A doctor is someone …………………… gives patients medical treatment.
10. I wasn't at home the evening……………….. you phoned me.
V. Put relative pronouns in the blanks, add commas if necessary .
1. I don't like people ....................... are big-headed.
2. Have you seen the awful hat .................... Mary's bought for the wedding?
3. She wanted to know the reason ....................... I had turned down her invitation.
4. We were unable to get tickets for Madonna's Wembley concert , .................. was a sell-out.
5. We went back to look at the house ……... we used to live.
6. It was returned to the person ........................... name was inside.
7. What's the name of the girl.................. got married to Chris Small?
8. Can you think of any reason ............... he might have done it?
9. I prefer to go to Spain in winter, ... there are fewer tourists about.
10. What's the name of the singer........ record is number one now?

VI. Read the text and answer the questions.

Keswick, which lies at the heart of the Lake District, is the perfect place for a holiday, and the Derwent Hotel,
which overlooks the town, is the perfect place to stay. Peter and Debbie Jackson, who bought this small hotel three
years ago, have already won a reputation for excellence. Peter, whose cooking attracts people from far and wide, was
once Young Chef of the Year. The comfort of the guests, who the owners treat almost as members of the family,
always comes first. Omar Sharif, who once stayed at the hotel, described it as "marvelous". And the Lake District,
which has so much wonderful scenery, will not disappoint you.
1. Where is Keswich?
2. 2. Is it a good place for holiday?
3. When did Peter and Debbie Jackson buy the Derwent Hotel?
4. 4. Who cooks very well, Debbie or Peter?
5. How did the owners treat the guests?
VII . Fill in each gap with WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE.
1. My grandmother, … was an extraordinary woman , lived to the age of a hundred and fifteen.
A. whom B. which C. who D. that
2. Everyone …………. knew him said that he was hard-working .
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
3. Professor Dupont, ………… is an expert on economics, came to give us a lecture.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. that
4.The book I'm thinking of is the one ……….. David gave you.
A. it B. what C. who D. which
5. Jane is the woman ……… is going to China next year.
A. that B. when C. whose D. whom
6.Mr Smith, ………… son you know, is coming to tea.
A. who B. that C. whose D. whom
7.My boss, … work takes him to a lot of countries, has a big house in London.
A. who B. whose C. that D. which

VIII. Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses

1. Ms Fortune was a writer. Her body was found in the cellar.

2. Craig also wants to borrow some money from Gordon. Gordon's cycle repair business is doing very well.

3. Robin is explaining his problems to Harriet. Robin's wife has left him.

4. You were rude to that woman's husband, and she's upset now.

5. This is Mr Smith. His son Bill plays in our team.

6. Jack's car had broken down. He had to take a bus.

7. That boy's sister sits behind me at school.

8. Bill's typewriter had broken and he had to use a pencil.

RELATIVE CLAUSES IV

I. Reduce the relative clause in the sentences.

1. I was the first person who came to class this morning.
..............................................................................................................................................................
2. All of the money that was accepted has already been released.
..............................................................................................................................................................
3. The papers that are on the table belong to Peter.
..............................................................................................................................................................
4. The man who was brought to the police station confessed to the crime.
..............................................................................................................................................................
5. The girl who is drinking coffee is Mary Allen.
..............................................................................................................................................................
6. John's wife, who is a professor, has written several papers on this subject.
..............................................................................................................................................................
7. The man who is talking to the policeman is my uncle.
..............................................................................................................................................................
8. The book that is on the top shelf is the one that I need.
..............................................................................................................................................................
9. The number of students who have been counted is quite high.
..............................................................................................................................................................
10. Leo Evans, who is a doctor, eats in this restaurant every day.
..............................................................................................................................................................
II. Reduce the relative clause in the sentences.
1. Only a few of the movies that are shown at the Gray Theater are suitable for children.
..............................................................................................................................................................
2. Jasmine, which is a tiny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.
..............................................................................................................................................................
3. The couple who live in the house next door are both College professors.
..............................................................................................................................................................
4. A throne is the chair which is occupied by a queen, king, or other rulers.
..............................................................................................................................................................
5. A knuckle is a joint that connects a finger to the rest of the hand.
..............................................................................................................................................................
6. We visited Belgrade, which is the capital city of Yugoslavia.
..............................................................................................................................................................
7. Antarctica is covered by a huge ice cap that contains 70 percent of the earth's fresh water.
..............................................................................................................................................................
8. Astronomy, which is the study of planets and stars, is one of the world's oldest sciences.
..............................................................................................................................................................
9. Only a small fraction of the eggs that are laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood.
..............................................................................................................................................................
10. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.
..............................................................................................................................................................
11. Two out of three people who are struck by lightning survive.
..............................................................................................................................................................
12. Arizona, which was once thought to be a useless desert, is today a rapidly growing industrial and agricultural state.
..............................................................................................................................................................

III. Choose the best option.

1. I called Luis,..................... (who/that /which) saw me and waved at me.
2. The detective .................... ( whom/which /who)knew all the answers solved the mystery.
3. I met an old friend .................. ( whose/ who /where) told me all about a book he'd just read.
4. Lena , .............. ( that /whose/ who) has finally found a new job is giving a big party.
5. The boy .................. ( that/ whose/whom) found the money and was given a reward.
6. My cousin, ................. ( whose / that /which) name is Pete, helped me study for my history exam.
7. The girls ................... ( which /whom/ who) were hungry decided to have a meal.
8. This is Brenda, ............ (who/ whom /which) lives upstairs.

IV. Same instructions as Ex 4

1. Craig, ( who/ which /that )Len has invited, is hoping that Donna will be at the party..
2. The new manager at the plastics factory, (who / where /which) no-one likes, wants Donna to work late.
3. The woman to ( who /whom / that ) Donna spoke yesterday is behaving rather strangely.
4. Brenda , (which/ who/whose) I went on holiday with, is a close friend.
5. The woman ( whose / that / why) I told you about is sitting at the door.
6. Frank is the man ( whose/ that / which) we are going to nominate for the office of treasurer.
7. That is the boy ( who/ which / when) I lent my bicycle.
8. Sheila Brown, ( that / which / whom) I have long admired, is giving a concert at Webley Hall.

V. Put the relative clauses in the blanks.

Mary , (1) ........................ was woken suddenly by a strange noise, (2)..................... . She sat up, startled. Then
she froze, as she saw that the window ,( 3) ......................... , was wide open. With a shock, she remembered that the
servants , ( 4) ............. , had all left, and that she was all alone in the house. A floor-board creaked behind her.
Turning, she saw an old woman, (5) .................... and (6) ................................... . Suddenly, she realized who it was.
It was her grandmother, ( 7) ............................. .
1. who had died exactly a year before.
2. whom she had laughed at only that afternoon for being superstitious.
3. which seemed to come from outside her window. 4. who had been in a deep sleep.
5. whose mouth was twisted into a toothless grin. 6. which she had locked securely the night before.
7. who was dressed entirely in black.

VI. Same instructions as Ex 13

1. I'm going to the mountains for my vacation, .................... I'm really looking forward to.
A. who B. which C. that D.\/
2. You'd better rewrite this letter, .............. you wrote too quickly and carelessly.
A. which B. that C. where D. \/
3. New York is a wonderful city .................. I'd love to visit one day.
A. where B. which C. when D. why
4. Science fiction books , ... some people love and others hate , are about the future and space travel.
A. when B. what C. which D. \/
5. The book ................... you recommended to me was very good.
A. whom B. whose C. that D. it
6. The new club in Jubilee Road, ............. everyone is talking about , is very popular with young people.
A. whom B. that C. which D. \/
7. She was wearing the clothes .................................. were old and dirty.
A. that B. who B. whom D. they
8. The computer ................. I bought on sale doesn't work.
A. \/ B.it C. when D. whom
9. "Is April twenty-first the day............ you wil arrive ?"
A. when B. which C. where D. why
10. The chemistry book ............ was a little expensive.
A. I bought B. that I bought it C. I bought that D. what I bought