Scribd
Upload
46 views6 pages

Linux Important Questions Answer

Uploaded by

sanjayantonio5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
46 views6 pages

Linux Important Questions Answer

Uploaded by

sanjayantonio5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Linux Important Questions Answer:

1) Linux Commands with Syntax and Example


Commands: `echo`, `rm`, `cp`, `mv`, `wc`, `split`

- `echo`: Used to display a line of text or variable value.


- Syntax: `echo [options] [string]`
- Example: `echo "Hello, World!"`

- `rm`: Removes files or directories.


- Syntax: `rm [options] [file/directory]`
- Example: `rm file.txt`

- `cp`: Copies files or directories.


- Syntax: `cp [options] source destination`
- Example: `cp file1.txt file2.txt`

- `mv`: Moves or renames files and directories.


- Syntax: `mv [options] source destination`
- Example: `mv oldname.txt newname.txt`

- `wc`: Counts lines, words, and characters in a file.


- Syntax: `wc [options] [file]`
- Example: `wc -l file.txt`

- `split`: Splits a file into pieces.


- Syntax: `split [options] [file] [prefix]`
- Example: `split -l 10 file.txt`

2) Arithmetic Calculator Using Case Statement and Without Case Statement

- Using Case Statement:

```bash
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter two numbers:"
read a b
echo "1. Addition"
echo "2. Subtraction"
echo "3. Multiplication"
echo "4. Division"
read choice

case $choice in
1) result=$((a + b));;
2) result=$((a - b));;
3) result=$((a * b));;
4) result=$((a / b));;
*) echo "Invalid Choice";;
esac
echo "Result: $result"
```

-Without Using Case Statement:


```bash
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter two numbers:"
read a b
echo "Choose operation (+, -, *, /):"
read op
if [ "$op" == "+" ]; then
result=$((a + b))
elif [ "$op" == "-" ]; then
result=$((a - b))
elif [ "$op" == "*" ]; then
result=$((a * b))
elif [ "$op" == "/" ]; then
result=$((a / b))
else
echo "Invalid Operation"
fi
echo "Result: $result"
```

3) Swapping of Two Numbers With and Without Using Third Variable

- Using Third Variable:


```bash
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter two numbers:"
read a b
temp=$a
a=$b
b=$temp
echo "After swapping: a = $a, b = $b"
```

- Without Using Third Variable:


```bash
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter two numbers:"
read a b
a=$((a + b))
b=$((a - b))
a=$((a - b))
echo "After swapping: a = $a, b = $b"
```

4) `sort` and `uniq` Command

- `sort`: Sorts lines of text files.


- Syntax: `sort [options] [file]`
- Example: `sort file.txt`

- `uniq`: Removes or filters out repeated lines.


- Syntax: `uniq [options] [file]`
- Example: `sort file.txt | uniq`

5) Redirection and Pipes with Explanation

- Redirection: Used to redirect the output/input of commands.


- Example: `command > file.txt` (Redirects output to file).
- `>`, `>>`, `<`, `2>`, `2>&1` are common operators.
- **Pipes**: Used to pass the output of one command as input to another.
- Example: `ls -l | grep ".txt"`

6) Concatenate Command `cat` with All Operations

- **`cat`**: Concatenates files and prints on the standard output.


- View File: `cat file.txt`
- Combine Files: `cat file1.txt file2.txt > combined.txt`
- Line Numbers: `cat -n file.txt`

7) `tr` (Translate) Command with Detailed Explanation

- **`tr`**: Translates or deletes characters.


- Syntax: `tr [options] SET1 [SET2]`
- Example: `echo "hello" | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'` (Transforms lowercase to uppercase).

8) Random Number Generation

- Example:
```bash
#!/bin/bash
echo $((RANDOM))
```

9) Finding Files

- Example: `find /path -name filename`

10) Basic File Finding Commands

- Example: `locate filename`, `which command`, `whereis command`

11) `xargs` Arguments

- `xargs`: Converts input into arguments for a command.


- Example: `find . -name "*.txt" | xargs rm`

12) Cryptography Tools - Checksum Generation (The `sha256sum` Command)

- Example:
```bash
sha256sum file.txt
```

13) Operations Using `dd` Command, Intersection, and Difference

- `dd`: Copies and converts files.


- Example: `dd if=/dev/zero of=output.img bs=1M count=100`
Compulsory Assignment Questions

1) Explain and Write Shell Scripts for File Commands

- Commands: `rm`, `cp`, `cat`, `mv`, `cmp`, `wc`, `split`, `diff`

- Example:
```bash
# Script to demonstrate rm
rm file.txt
```
2) Write Shell Scripts to Show System Configuration

```bash
#!/bin/bash
echo "Logged User: $USER"
echo "Log Name: $(logname)"
echo "Current Shell: $SHELL"
echo "Home Directory: $HOME"
echo "OS Type: $(uname -o)"
echo "Current Path Setting: $PATH"
echo "Current Working Directory: $(pwd)"
echo "Number of Logged Users: $(who | wc -l)"
echo "Available Shells: $(cat /etc/shells)"
echo "CPU Information: $(lscpu)"
echo "Memory Information: $(free -h)"
```

3) Write Shell Script to Demonstrate Pipes, Redirection, and `tee`

```bash
#!/bin/bash
echo "Pipes Example: ls -l | grep .sh"
echo "Redirection Example: echo Hello > file.txt"
echo "Tee Example: echo Hello | tee file.txt"
```

4) Write Shell Script to Find Sum of Digits

```bash
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter a number:"
read num
sum=0
while [ $num -gt 0 ]; do
digit=$((num % 10))
sum=$((sum + digit))
num=$((num / 10))
done
echo "Sum of digits: $sum"
```

5) Write Shell Script to Find the Greatest Number Using Command Line Arguments

```bash
#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then
echo "Provide at least two numbers."
exit 1
fi

greatest=$1
for number in "$@"; do
if [ $number -gt $greatest ]; then
greatest=$number
fi
done
echo "Greatest number: $greatest"
```
Script Questions
1) **Multiplication Script:**
```bash
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter two numbers:"
read a b
echo "Product: $((a * b))"
```

2) **Positive or Negative Script:**


```bash
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter a number:"
read num
if [ $num -ge 0 ]; then
echo "Positive"
else
echo "Negative"
fi
```

3) **Odd or Even Script:**


```bash
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter a number:"
read num
if [ $((num % 2)) -eq 0 ]; then
echo "Even"
else
echo "Odd"
fi
```

4) **Voting Eligibility Script:**


```bash
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter your age:"
read age
if [ $age -ge 18 ]; then
echo "Eligible to vote"
else
echo "Not eligible to vote"
fi
```

5) **Factorial Script:**
```bash
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter a number:"
read num
fact=1
for ((i=1; i<=num; i++)); do
fact=$((fact * i))
done
echo "Factorial: $fact"
```

6) **Sum of Digits Script:**


```bash
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter a number:"
read num
sum=0
while [ $num -gt 0 ]; do
digit=$((num % 10))
sum=$((sum + digit))
num=$((num / 10))
done
echo "Sum of digits: $sum"
```

7) **Biodata Script:**
```bash
#!/bin/bash
echo "Enter your name:"
read name
echo "Enter your age:"
read age
echo "

Enter your address:"


read address
echo "Biodata:"
echo "Name: $name"
echo "Age: $age"
echo "Address: $address"
```

These answers provide both detailed explanations and examples for each command and script
requested.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy