CAMBRIDGE COURT WORLD SCHOOL

XII
Physics
Current Electricity Revision sheet
1. Two resistors of resistance R1 and R2 having R1 > R2 are connected in parallel. For equivalent resistance R, the
correct statement is:
(a) R > R1 + R2 (b) R < R1 < R2 (c) R2 < R1 < (R1 + R2) (d) R < R2 < R1

2. The current in the adjoining circuit will be

(a) A (b) A (c) A (d) A

3. Dimensions of a block are 1cm × 1cm × 100 cm. If specific resistance of its material is 3 × 10–7 Ω m, then the
resistance between the opposite rectangular faces is

(a) 3 × 10–9 Ω (b) 3 × 10–7 Ω (c) 3 × 10–5 Ω (d) 3 × 10–3 Ω

4. A cell of emf E and internal resistance r is connected across an external resistor R. The graph showing the
variation of P.D. across R versus R is

5. In a Wheatstone bridge, all the four arms have equal resistance R. If resistance of the galvanometer arm is also
R, then equivalent resistance of the combination is
(a) (b) (c) (d)

6. Consider a current carrying wire (current I ) in the shape of a circle. Note that as the current progresses along the
wire, the direction of j (current density) changes in an exact manner, while the current I remain unaffected. The
agent that is essentially responsible for is
(a) source of emf.
(b) electric field produced by charges accumulated on the surface of wire.
(c) the charges just behind a given segment of wire which push them just the right way by repulsion.
(d) the charges ahead.

7. Two batteries of emf and ( > ) and internal resistances and respectively are connected in parallel
as shown in Figure.
(a) The equivalent emf of the two cells is between and , i.e., < <
(b) The equivalent emf is smaller than .
(c) The is given by = + always.
(d) is independent of internal resistances and .

8. The drift velocity of the free electrons in a conducting wire carrying a current is . If in a wire of the same
metal, but of double the radius, the current be 2I, then the drift velocity of the electrons will be
(a) (b) (c) (d)

9. The resistivity of iron is 1 ×10–7 ohm-meter. The resistance of the given wire of a particular thickness and length
is 1 ohm. If the diameter and length of the wire both are doubled the resistivity will be (in ohm-meter)
(a) 1 ×10–7 (b) 2 ×10–7 (c) 4 ×10–7 (d) 8 ×10–7

10. Figure represents a part of a closed circuit. The potential difference between points A and B (VA – VB) is

(a) +9 V (b) – 9 V (c) +3 V (d) + 6 V

11. A student connects 10 dry cells each of emf E and internal resistance r in series, but by mistake the one cell
gets wrongly connected. Then net emf and net internal resistance of the combination will be
(a) 8E, 8r (b) 8E, 10r (c) 10E, 10r (d) 8E,

12. A metal rod of length 10 cm and a rectangular cross-section of 1cm × cm is connected to a battery across
opposite faces. The resistance will be
(a) maximum when the battery is connected across 1 cm × cm faces.
(b) maximum when the battery is connected across 10 cm × 1 cm faces.
(c) maximum when the battery is connected across 10 cm × cm faces.
(d) same irrespective of the three faces.

13. Which of the following characteristics of electrons determines the current in a conductor?
(a) Drift velocity alone (b) Thermal velocity alone
(c) Both drift velocity and thermal velocity (d) Neither drift nor thermal velocity

14. Temperature dependence of resistivity (T) of semiconductors insulators and metals is significantly based on
the following factors.
(a) Number of charge carriers cannot change with temperature T.
(b) Time interval between two successive collision can depend on T.
(c) Length of material can be a function of T.
(d) Mass of carriers is a function of T.

15. A wire of resistance 12Ω/m is bent to form a complete circle of radius 10 cm. The resistance between its two
diametrically opposite points A and B as shown in figure is

(a) (b) (c) (d)

16. Kirchhoff ’s junction rule is a reflection of

(a) conservation of current density vector.
(b) conservation of energy.
(c) the fact that the momentum with which a charged particle approaches a junction is unchanged (as a vector) as
the charged particle leaves the junction.
(d) the fact that there is no accumulation of charged at a junction.

17. If the potential difference V applied across a conductor is increased to 2 V with its temperature kept constant,
the drift velocity of the free electrons in the conductor will
(a) remain the same (b) become half of its previous value
(c) be double of its initial value (d) become zero

18. A battery is connected to the conductor of non-uniform cross-sectional area. The quantities or quantity which
remain constant is/are
(a) electric field only (b) drift speed and electric field
(c) electric field and current (d) current only

19. The temperature (T) dependence of resistivity of materials A and material B is represented by Fig. (i) and Fig.
(ii), respectively. Identify material A and material B.

(a) Material A is copper and material B is germanium.

(b) Material A is germanium and material B is copper.
(c) Material A is nichrome and material B is germanium.
(d) Material A is copper and material B is nichrome.

20. At C, the resistance of a wire is found to be four times its resistance at C. The temperature coefficient
of resistance of the material of the wire will be
(a) C (b) C (c) C (d) C

21. A straight line plot showing the terminal potential difference (V) of a cell as a function of current (I) drawn
from it, is shown in the figure.

The internal resistance of the cell would be then

(a) 2.8 (b) (c) (d)

Assertion-Reason
1. Assertion (A): Electric current is a scalar quantity.
Reason (R): Electric current arises due to continuous flow of charged particles.

2. Assertion (A): The current density is a vector quantity.

Reason (R): Current density has magnitude current per unit area and is directed along the direction of current.

3. Assertion (A): The drift velocity of electrons in a metallic conductor decreases with rise of temperature of
conductor.
Reason (R): On increasing temperature, the collision of electrons with lattice ions increases; this hinders the drift
of electrons.

4. Assertion (A): The connecting wires are made of copper.

Reason (R): Copper has very high electrical conductivity.

5. Assertion (A): The resistance of a given mass of copper wire is inversely proportional to the square of length.
Reason (R): When a copper wire of given mass is stretched to increase its length, its cross-sectional area also
increases.

6. Assertion (A): Material used in construction of a standard resistance is constantan.

Reason (R): The temperature coefficient of resistance of constantan is negligible.

7. Assertion (A): A domestic electric appliance, working on a three pin, will continue working even if the top pin
is removed.
Reason (R): The second pin is used as a safety device.

8. Assertion (A): With increase in drift velocity, the current flowing through a metallic conductor decreases.
Reason (R): The current flowing in a conductor is inversely proportional to drift velocity.

9. Assertion (A): The current flows in a conductor when there is an electric field within the conductor.
Reason (R): The electrons in a conductor drift only in the presence of electric field.

10. Assertion (A): In series combination of 200 W, 100 W and 25 W bulbs, the bulb of 200 W bulb shines most
brightly.
Reason (R): 25 W has minimum resistance and so p.d. across it is maximum.

11. Assertion (A): The resistance of an ideal voltmeter should be infinite.

Reason (R): Lower resistance of voltmeters gives a reading lower than the actual potential difference across the
terminals.

12. Assertion (A): Voltmeter always gives e.m.f of a cell if it is connected across the terminals of a cell.
Reason (R): Terminal potential of a cell is given by .

13. Assertion (A): The wires supplying current to an electric heater are not heated appreciably.
Reason (R): Resistance of connecting wires is very small and .

14. Assertion (A): If the current of a lamp increases by 20%, the percentage increase in the illumination of the
lamp is 40%.
Reason (R): Illumination of the lamp is directly proportional to the square of the current through the lamp.

15. Assertion (A): Two electric bulbs of 50 and 100 W are given. When connected in series 50 W bulb glows
more but when connected parallel 100 W bulb glows more.
Reason (R): In series combination, power is directly proportional to the resistance of the circuit. But in parallel
combination, power is inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit.

Subjective

1. How does the mobility of electrons in a conductor change, if the potential difference applied across the
conductor is doubled, keeping the length and temperature of the conductor constant?
2. Graph showing the variation of current versus voltage for a material GaAs is shown in the figure. Identify the
region of
(i) negative resistance (ii) where Ohm’s law is obeyed.

3. The emf of a cell is always greater than its terminal voltage. Why? Give reason.

4. Plot a graph showing the variation of current ‘I’ versus resistance ‘R’, connected to a cell of emf E and internal
resistance ‘r’.

5. Under what condition will the current in a wire be the same when connected in series and in parallel of n
identical cells each having internal resistance r and external resistance R ?

6. Two wires, one of copper and the other of manganin, have same resistance and equal thickness. Which wire is
longer? Justify your answer.

7. Define the terms (i) drift velocity, (ii) relaxation time.

8. A 10 V cell of negligible internal resistance is connected in parallel across a battery of emf 200 V and internal
resistance 38 Ω as shown in the figure. Find the value of current in the circuit.

9. Two cells of emfs 1.5 V and 2.0 V having internal resistances 0.2 Ω and 0.3 Ω respectively are connected in
parallel. Calculate the emf and internal resistance of the equivalent cell.

10. When 5 V potential difference is applied across a wire of length 0.1 m, the drift speed of electrons is 2.5 × 10–4
m/s. If the electron density in the wire is 8 × 1028 m–3, calculate the resistivity of the material of wire.

11. Two conducting wires X and Y of same diameter but different materials are joined in series across a battery. If
the number density of electrons in X is twice that in Y, find the ratio of drift velocity of electrons in the two wires.

12. A conductor of length ‘l’ is connected to a dc source of potential ‘V’. If the length of the conductor is tripled by
gradually stretching it, keeping ‘V’ constant, how will (i) drift speed of electrons and (ii) resistance of the
conductor be affected? Justify your answer.

13. A potential difference V is applied across the ends of copper wire of length l and diameter D. What is the effect
on drift velocity of electrons if (i) V is halved? (ii) l is doubled? (iii) D is halved?

14. Estimate the average drift speed of conduction electrons in a copper wire of cross-sectional area 1.0 × 10–7 m2
carrying a current of 1.5 A. Assume the density of conduction electrons to be 9 × 1028 m–3.

15. In the circuit shown in the figure, find the total resistance of the circuit and the current in the arm CD.
16. Use Kirchhoff ’s laws to determine the value of current I1 in the given electrical circuit.

17. Find the magnitude and direction of current in 1Ω resistor in the given circuit.

18. What will be the value of current through the 2 Ω resistance for the circuit shown in the figure? Give reason to
support your answer.

19. Using Kirchoff ’s rules determine the value of unknown resistance R in the circuit so that no current flows
through 4 Ω resistance. Also find the potential difference between A and D.

20. Calculate the value of the resistance R in the circuit shown in the figure so that the current in the circuit is 0.2
A. What would be the potential difference between points B and E?

21. In the circuit shown in the figure, the galvanometer ‘G’ gives zero deflection. If the batteries A and B have
negligible internal resistance, find the value of the resistor R.
22. The plot of the variation of potential difference across a combination of three identical cells in series, versus
current is shown alongside. What is the emf and internal resistance of each cell?

23. The potential difference across a resistor ‘r’ carrying current ‘I’ is Ir.
(i) Now if the potential difference across ‘r’ is measured using a voltmeter of resistance ‘RV’, show that the reading
of voltmeter is less than the true value.
(ii) Find the percentage error in measuring the potential difference by a voltmeter.
(iii) At what value of RV, does the voltmeter measures the true potential difference?

24. (i) Derive an expression for drift velocity of free electrons.

(ii) How does drift velocity of electrons in a metallic conductor vary with increase in temperature? Explain.

25. (a) State Kirchhoff ’s rules and explain on what basis they are justified.
(b) Two cells of emfs E1 and E2 and internal resistances r1 and r2 are connected in parallel. Derive the expression
for the (i) emf and (ii) internal resistance of a single equivalent cell which can replace this combination.

26. First a set of n equal resistors of R each are connected in series to a battery of emf E and internal resistance R.
A current I is observed to flow. Then the n resistors are connected in parallel to the same battery. It is observed
that the current is increased 10 times. What is n?

27. Two cells of same emf E but internal resistance r1 and r2 are connected in series to an external resistor R (Fig.).
What should be the value of R so that the potential difference across the terminals of the first cell becomes zero.

28. The following table gives the length of three copper wires, their diameters, and the applied potential difference
across their ends. Arrange the wires in increasing order according to the following:
(i) the magnitude of the electric field within them,
(ii) the drift speed of electrons through them, and
(iii) the current density within them.

29. Using the concept of free electrons in a conductor, derive the expression for the conductivity of a wire in terms
of number density and relaxation time. Hence obtain the relation between current density and the applied electric
field E.

30. Two metallic wires, P1 and P2 of the same material and same length but different cross-sectional areas, A1 and
A2 are joined together and connected to a source of emf. Find the ratio of the drift velocities of free electrons in the
two wires when they are connected (i) in series, and (ii) in parallel.

31. (a) The potential difference applied across a given resistor is altered so that the heat produced per second
increases by a factor of 9. By what factor does the applied potential difference change?
(b) In the figure shown, an ammeter A and a resistor of 4 Ω are connected to the terminals of the source. The emf
of the source is 12 V having an internal resistance of 2 Ω. Calculate the voltmeter and ammeter readings.
32. Two identical cells of emf 1.5 V each joined in parallel supply energy to an external circuit consisting of two
resistances of 7 Ω each joined in parallel. A very high resistance voltmeter reads the terminal voltage of cells to be
1.4 V. Calculate the internal resistance of each cell.

33. Show, on a plot, variation of resistivity of (i) a conductor, and (ii) a typical semiconductor as a function of
temperature. Using the expression for the resistivity in terms of number density and relaxation time between the
collisions, explain how resistivity in the case of a conductor increases while it decreases in a semiconductor, with
the rise of temperature.

34. (a) Draw a graph showing the variation of current versus voltage in an electrolyte when an external resistance
is also connected.
(b) The graph between resistance (R) and temperature (T) for Hg is shown in the figure. Explain the behaviour of
Hg near 4K.

35. Draw a circuit diagram showing balancing of Wheatstone bridge. Use Kirchhoff ’s rules to obtain the balance
condition in terms of the resistances of four arms of Wheatstone Bridge.

36. Is current density a vector or a scalar quantity? Deduce the relation between current density and potential
difference across a current carrying conductor of length l, area of cross section A, and number density of free
electrons n. How does the current density, in a conductor, vary with
(a) increase in potential gradient? (b) increase in temperature?
(c) increase in length?
(d) increase in area of cross section? (Assume that the other factors remain constant in each case).

Answers (MCQ)
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (a) 11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (d) 17. (c)
18. (d) 19. (b) 20. (c) 21. (a)

Answers (A/R)
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (d) 11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (a)