SEAMANSHIP (Viva & Theory Q & A)
SEAMANSHIP (Viva & Theory Q & A)
In this method, the sounding tape is inserted in the sounding pipe and bob is lowered till
it touches the bottom of the tank i.e. the datum plate (check figure). The tape will
measure the complete depth of the liquid which will be compared to the sounding value
in the sounding table.
For e.g. Tape is rolled inside the tank till the bob touches the tank bottom. If the tape
measure 1000 cm – check the list or trim of the ship and compare the volumetric value
for the sounding depth of 1000 cm.
2. Measuring level by calculating the Ullage of the tank
When measuring level by ullage method, the sounding tape is inserted only till the bob/
tape touches some part of the fluid top surface. Instead of measuring the whole depth of
the tank, only the free space (from the top of sounding pipe to liquid surface) is
measured (Check Figure). This method is convenient if the fluid in the tank is at a higher
level. In heavy oil tanks and viscous fluids, this method does not spoil the whole
sounding tape and avoids a false reading.
Normally ullage values are also provided in the sounding table with reference to the trim
of the ship to get the volumetric content in the tank.
Follow the steps mentioned below to take sounding on a ship using the sounding
tape:
1) Make sure the bob is tightly held with the tape using a strap hook. Ensure that the
tape is not damaged anywhere in between to avoid dropping of bob or tape inside the
pipe
2) Know the last reading of the tank in order to have a rough idea whether to take
sounding or ullage
3) Apply water/ oil finding paste to get exact readings (for Water and gas oil)
4) Drop the tape inside the pipe and make sure it strikes the striker plate
5) Coil up the tape and check for impression of paste and then note the sounding
6) Check the trim and list of the ship to read the correct reading for volumetric content of
the ship
7) Note down the sounding in the record book with signature of the officer in charge
(a) Synthetic fibre ropes does not harm by water or moisture even if stowed wet.
(b) It is light in weight and easy to handle.
(c) Its floats in water and does not gain weight even in wet condition.
(d) It is stronger than natural fiber ropes.
(e) Synthetic fibre ropes are more resistant to damage by acid or oil.
(f) Synthetic fibre ropes has elasticity quality. Its extend up to sudden limit before
breaking.
A3.
(a) Wire rope needs frequent lubrication to maintain its flexibility and prevent from
corrosion.
(b) Handle the wire ropes carefully to avoid forming of kink. Kink damage the rope and
reduce strength.
(c) Wire rope to store on reel of over gratings to keep it away from sea water. If wet by
sea water it should be washed with fresh water and apply oil or grease before store
it.
(d) Do not drag the rope on the deck while handling. Avoid passing rope through sharp
edge.
Q4. What safety precautions need to be taken while handling mooring hawsers.
A4.
Q5. Explain kinds of ropes by the way its strands are laid.
A5. (a) A hawser laid rope is a right handed three strand rope.
(b) A shroud laid rope is a right handed rope with four strands laid around a central
heart.
(c) A cable laid rope is compose of three hawser laid rope, laid left handed to make 9
strands rope.
(d) Braided or plaited ropes is a rope made of twist given to the yarn, through necessary
to bind the fibres together.
A6. Whipping is use to secure the end of the rope from unlaying. Types of whipping are as
follows:-
Q8. How the steel wire rope constructed. What is the use of fibre core heart in steel
wire ropes.
A8. Steel wire rope is constructed with numbers of strands and numbers of wire in each
strand. A numbers of thin wires are twisted left handed to form a strand. Six such strands are
thenj laid up right handed around a central heart. Heart is either made of natural fibre or
synthetic fibre o0r wire rope.
The heart absorbs oil when the rope oiled and later when the rope is under stress, some
oil squeezed out and lubricate the wire.
A9. Ropes are measured by their diameter in millimeters. To measure the size of a rope take
a length of twine and wind it around the rope once or twice. Then with apen draw a vertical line
turns of the twine. Unwind the twine and measure the distance between any two ink marks.
This is circumference of the rope. Divide it by 22/7 to geet the diameter. This is the size of the
rope.
(a) To tie a life line around the waist while working aloft or on ship side.
(b) To make a temporary eye at the end of the rope.
(c) To tie heaving line with mooring line eye to run throughout the eye.
Q11. What is use of block. With a neat diagram explain parts of it.
A11. Block are use to change the direction of pull while lifting or shifting the weight. A
combination of two or more blocks in the form of tackle and purchases are use to gain the
pulling advantage.
Q12. What is use of stopper in mooring operation. Names types of stoppers use on
board ship.
A12. The stopper used to take the weight of the mooring hawsers temporary while shifting
from mooring winch to mooring bits. Types of stoppers are as follows:-
Q13. Explain various de scalling tools used in ship. What precautions need to be
taken while working with power tools.
Q14. With a neat sketch diagram, name all mooring lines with their number.
A14.
A5. The draft of the ship is vertical distance between the waterline and the bottom of the
ship hull (keel). Its determines the minimum depth of the water a ship can safely navigate.
Measuring the draft of ship is essential to ensure a safe balance between the maximum load
that can stowed away on board.
Q17. Sketch a neat diagram of forecastle and name all fitting on forecastle.
A17.
1 . Windlass
2. Chain cable compress
3. Hawse pipe
4. Anchor chain
5. Bollard
6. Fair leader
7. Mooring pipe
8. Deck end roller
9. Wire reel
10 . Cowl head ventilator
11 . Derrick boom
12. Boom support
13. Air and sounding pipe
14 . Flag staff
15. Anchor davit
16 . Stockless anchor
17 . Anchor shackle
18 . Anchor shank, Anchor shaft
19. Anchor crown
20. Anchor arm
21 . Anchor palm
22 . Anchor fluke
23 . Anchor light davit
24 . Open rail
25. Hand rail stanchion
26 . Hand rail
27 . Anchor recess
28 . Bow chock
29 . Bell mouth of hawse pipe
30 . Deck Flange hawse pipe
A19. Knot – The critical element in determining a knot is that when it is tied, it is self-
contained and selfsupporting. It does not need another object or rope to maintain the integrity
of the knot (e.g. a hitch does). And, it does not tie two ropes together (i.e. bend).
Hitch – A hitch needs an object or another rope to tie it. Without the object or other rope, it
will fall apart. The other object or rope assists in maintaining its structure. Without a tent peg
or tree limb, a clove hitch will fall apart. Without another rope, the Prusik will fall apart. Both
need an object or another rope to maintain its structure and integrity.
Bends – Bends are used to tie two ropes together. The water knot is used to tie the two ends of
webbing together to create a sling. Also, the water knot and double fisherman’s knot are really
bends.
Q20 Haw many types of ropes used on board ship. Define construction of natural
fiber ropes.
Natural fiber ropes are constructed with fibre of the plants, which is cleaned and
combed to make them straight. The fibre than twisted right handed to form YARN.
Numbers of yarns twisted left handed to form STRANDS. The strands are than laid right
handed to make a rope.