普通物理實驗報告

□預報 ■結報

力學實驗二 碰撞

班級：呼吸治療學系二年級

組別：5D

姓名：王致嵊

學號：412540503

同組組員：張翊芸、宋貞妘

實驗日期：2024/11/19
一、數據

⚫ 原稿
⚫ 數據表格

1 號車 2 號車
滑車遮光器的長度
0.012 m 0.01 m

⚫ 完全彈性碰撞 (e ≈ 1)

1 號車質量 = 0.1987 kg 2 號車質量 = 0.1993 kg

t1i (sec) t1f (sec) v1i (m/s) v1f (m/s) t2i (sec) t2f (sec) v2i (m/s) v2f (m/s) 恢復係數
0.0220 0.5455 0 0.0217 0 0.4608 0.8447
0.0238 0.5042 0 0.0223 0 0.4484 0.8893
0.0208 0.5769 0 0.0215 0 0.4651 0.8062
0.0244 0.4918 0 0.0218 0 0.4587 0.9327

⚫ 完全非彈性碰撞 (e ≈ 0)

1 號車質量 = 0.1988 kg 2 號車質量 = 0.1989 kg

t1i (sec) t1f (sec) v1i (m/s) v1f (m/s) t2i (sec) t2f (sec) v2i (m/s) v2f (m/s) 恢復係數
0.0258 0.0792 0.4651 0.1515 0.0660 0 0.1515 0
0.0223 0.0624 0.5381 0.1923 0.0520 0 0.1923 0
0.0211 0.0628 0.5687 0.1912 0.0523 0 0.1912 0
0.0213 0.0581 0.5634 0.2066 0.0484 0 0.2066 0

⚫ 非完全彈性碰撞 (0 < e < 1)

1 號車質量 = 0.1990 kg 2 號車質量 = 0.1989 kg

t1i (sec) t1f (sec) v1i (m/s) v1f (m/s) t2i (sec) t2f (sec) v2i (m/s) v2f (m/s) 恢復係數
0.0206 0.1567 0.5825 0.0766 0.0368 0 0.2717 0.3349
0.0225 0.1742 0.5333 0.0689 0.0387 0 0.2584 0.3553
0.0222 0.1749 0.5405 0.0686 0.0395 0 0.2532 0.3415
0.0251 0.1909 0.4781 0.0629 0.0423 0 0.2364 0.3579

⚫ 爆炸 (e > 1)

1 號車質量 = 0.1987 kg 2 號車質量 = 0.1994 kg

t1i (sec) t1f (sec) v1i (m/s) v1f (m/s) t2i (sec) t2f (sec) v2i (m/s) v2f (m/s) 恢復係數
0.0649 0 0.1849 0.854 0 0.0117 ∞
⚫ 數據計算

整理表格

完全彈性碰撞 (e ≈ 1)

初總動量 𝑃𝑡𝑖 末總動量 𝑃𝑡𝑓 動量損失量∆𝑃 初總動能 𝐸𝐾𝑡 末總動能 𝐸𝐾𝑡

𝑓
𝑖
動能損失率
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄ 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄ 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄ ∆𝐸𝐾 (%)
( 𝑠) ( 𝑠) ( 𝑠) 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄ 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
( 𝑠2) ( 𝑠2)
0.1084 0.0918 -0.0166 0.0296 0.0212 -28.38
0.1002 0.0894 -0.0108 0.0253 0.0200 -20.95
0.1146 0.0927 -0.0219 0.0331 0.0216 -34.74
0.0977 0.0914 -0.0063 0.0240 0.0210 -12.50

完全非彈性碰撞 (e ≈ 0)

初總動量 𝑃𝑡𝑖 末總動量 𝑃𝑡𝑓 動量損失量∆𝑃 初總動能 𝐸𝐾𝑡 末總動能 𝐸𝐾𝑡

𝑓
𝑖
動能損失率
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄ 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄ 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄ ∆𝐸𝐾 (%)
( 𝑠) ( 𝑠) ( 𝑠) 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄ 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
( 𝑠2) ( 𝑠2)
0.0925 0.0602 -0.0323 0.0215 0.0046 -78.60
0.1070 0.0764 -0.0306 0.0208 0.0074 -74.31
0.1131 0.0760 -0.0371 0.0321 0.0072 -77.57
0.1120 0.0822 -0.0298 0.0316 0.0084 -73.42

非完全彈性碰撞 (0 < e < 1)

初總動量 𝑃𝑡𝑖 末總動量 𝑃𝑡𝑓 動量損失量∆𝑃 初總動能 𝐸𝐾𝑡 末總動能 𝐸𝐾𝑡

𝑓
𝑖
動能損失率
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄ 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄ 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄ ∆𝐸𝐾 (%)
( 𝑠) ( 𝑠) ( 𝑠) 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄ 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
( 𝑠2) ( 𝑠2)
0.1159 0.0692 -0.0467 0.0338 0.0079 -76.63
0.1061 0.0651 -0.0410 0.0283 0.0071 -74.91
0.1076 0.0641 -0.0435 0.0291 0.0069 -76.29
0.0951 0.0595 -0.0356 0.0227 0.0060 -73.57
 爆炸 (e > 1)

初總動量 𝑃𝑡𝑖 末總動量 𝑃𝑡𝑓 動量損失量∆𝑃 初總動能 𝐸𝐾𝑡 末總動能 𝐸𝐾𝑡

𝑓
𝑖
動能損失率
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄ 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄ 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄ ∆𝐸𝐾 (%)
( 𝑠) ( 𝑠) ( 𝑠) 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄ 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
( 𝑠2) ( 𝑠2)
0 0.0390 0.0390 0 0.00341 0

完全彈性碰撞 (e ≈ 1)

(1)

0.012 (𝑚) 0.01 (𝑚)

𝑣1𝑖 = = 0.5455 (𝑚⁄𝑠)；𝑣2𝑓 = = 0.4608 (𝑚⁄𝑠)；
0.0220 (𝑠) 0.0217 (𝑠)
0 − 0.4608
𝑒=− = 0.8447；
0.5455 − 0
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑖 = 0.1987 × 0.5455 + 0.1993 × 0 = 0.1084 + 0 = 0.1084 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑓 = 0.1987 × 0 + 0.1993 × 0.4608 = 0 + 0.0918 = 0.0918 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
∆𝑃 = 0.0918 − 0.1084 = −0.0166 ( 𝑠)

1 1 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1987 × (0.5455)2 + × 0.1993 × (0)2 = 0.0296 + 0 = 0.0296 (
𝑖 2 2 𝑠2 )

1 1 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1987 × (0)2 + × 0.1993 × (0.4608)2 = 0 + 0.0212 = 0.0212 (
𝑓 2 2 𝑠2)

0.0212 − 0.0296
∆𝐸𝐾 = × 100% = −28.38%
0.0296

(2)

0.012 (𝑚) 0.01 (𝑚)

𝑣1𝑖 = = 0.5042 (𝑚⁄𝑠)；𝑣2𝑓 = = 0.4484 (𝑚⁄𝑠)；
0.0238 (𝑠) 0.0223 (𝑠)
0 − 0.4484
𝑒=− = 0.8893；
0.5042 − 0
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑖 = 0.1987 × 0.5042 + 0.1993 × 0 = 0.1002 + 0 = 0.1002 ( 𝑠)
 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑓 = 0.1987 × 0 + 0.1993 × 0.4484 = 0 + 0.0894 = 0.0894 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
∆𝑃 = 0.0894 − 0.1002 = −0.0108 ( 𝑠)

1 1 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1987 × (0.5042)2 + × 0.1993 × (0)2 = 0.0253 + 0 = 0.0253 (
𝑖 2 2 𝑠2 )

1 1 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1987 × (0)2 + × 0.1993 × (0.4484)2 = 0 + 0.0200 = 0.0200 (
𝑓 2 2 𝑠2)

0.0200 − 0.0253
∆𝐸𝐾 = × 100% = −20.95%
0.0253

(3)

0.012 (𝑚) 0.01 (𝑚)

𝑣1𝑖 = = 0.5769 (𝑚⁄𝑠)；𝑣2𝑓 = = 0.4651 (𝑚⁄𝑠)；
0.0208 (𝑠) 0.0215 (𝑠)
0 − 0.4651
𝑒=− = 0.8062；
0.5769 − 0
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑖 = 0.1987 × 0.5769 + 0.1993 × 0 = 0.1002 + 0 = 0.1146 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑓 = 0.1987 × 0 + 0.1993 × 0.4651 = 0 + 0.0927 = 0.0927 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
∆𝑃 = 0.0927 − 0.1146 = −0.0219 ( 𝑠)

1 1 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1987 × (0.5769)2 + × 0.1993 × (0)2 = 0.0331 + 0 = 0.0331 (
𝑖 2 2 𝑠2 )

1 1 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1987 × (0)2 + × 0.1993 × (0.4651)2 = 0 + 0.0216 = 0.0216 (
𝑓 2 2 𝑠2)

0.0216 − 0.0331
∆𝐸𝐾 = × 100% = −34.74%
0.0331
(4)

0.012 (𝑚) 0.01 (𝑚)

𝑣1𝑖 = = 0.4918 (𝑚⁄𝑠)；𝑣2𝑓 = = 0.4587 (𝑚⁄𝑠)；
0.0244 (𝑠) 0.0218 (𝑠)
0 − 0.4587
𝑒=− = 0.9327；
0.4918 − 0
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑖 = 0.1987 × 0.4918 + 0.1993 × 0 = 0.0977 + 0 = 0.0977 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑓 = 0.1987 × 0 + 0.1993 × 0.4587 = 0 + 0.0914 = 0.0914 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
∆𝑃 = 0.0914 − 0.0977 = −0.0063 ( 𝑠)

1 1 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1987 × (0.4918)2 + × 0.1993 × (0)2 = 0.0240 + 0 = 0.0240 (
𝑖 2 2 𝑠2 )

1 1 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1987 × (0)2 + × 0.1993 × (0.4587)2 = 0 + 0.0210 = 0.0210 (
𝑓 2 2 𝑠2)

0.0210 − 0.0240
∆𝐸𝐾 = × 100% = −12.50%
0.0240

完全非彈性碰撞 (e ≈ 0)

(1)

0.012 (𝑚) 0.01 (𝑚)

𝑣1𝑖 = = 0.4651 (𝑚⁄𝑠)；𝑣2𝑓 = = 0.1515 (𝑚⁄𝑠) = 𝑣1𝑓 ；
0.0258 (𝑠) 0.0660 (𝑠)

0.012 (𝑚)
𝑡1𝑓 = = 0.0792 (𝑠)
0.1515 (𝑚⁄𝑠)
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑖 = 0.1988 × 0.4651 + 0.1989 × 0 = 0.0925 + 0 = 0.0925 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑓 = 0.1988 × 0.1515 + 0.1989 × 0.1515 = 0.0301 + 0.0301 = 0.0602 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
∆𝑃 = 0.0602 − 0.0925 = −0.0323 ( 𝑠)

1 1 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1988 × (0.4651)2 + × 0.1989 × (0)2 = 0.0215 + 0 = 0.0215 (
𝑖 2 2 𝑠2 )
 1 1
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1988 × (0.1515)2 + × 0.1989 × (0.1515)2 = 0.0023 + 0.0023
𝑓 2 2
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
= 0.0046 ( 𝑠2 )

0.0046 − 0.0215
∆𝐸𝐾 = × 100% = −78.60%
0.0215

(2)

0.012 (𝑚) 0.01 (𝑚)

𝑣1𝑖 = = 0.5381 (𝑚⁄𝑠)；𝑣2𝑓 = = 0.1923 (𝑚⁄𝑠) = 𝑣1𝑓 ；
0.0223 (𝑠) 0.0520 (𝑠)

0.012 (𝑚)
𝑡1𝑓 = = 0.0624 (𝑠)
0.1923 (𝑚⁄𝑠)
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑖 = 0.1988 × 0.5381 + 0.1989 × 0 = 0.1070 + 0 = 0.1070 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑓 = 0.1988 × 0.1923 + 0.1989 × 0.1923 = 0.0382 + 0.0382 = 0.0764 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
∆𝑃 = 0.0764 − 0.1070 = −0.0306 ( 𝑠)

1 1 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1988 × (0.5381)2 + × 0.1989 × (0)2 = 0.0288 + 0 = 0.0288 (
𝑖 2 2 𝑠2 )

1 1
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1988 × (0.1923)2 + × 0.1989 × (0.1923)2 = 0.0037 + 0.0037
𝑓 2 2
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
= 0.0074 ( 𝑠2 )

0.0074 − 0.0288
∆𝐸𝐾 = × 100% = −74.31%
0.0288

(3)

0.012 (𝑚) 0.01 (𝑚)

𝑣1𝑖 = = 0.5687 (𝑚⁄𝑠)；𝑣2𝑓 = = 0.1912 (𝑚⁄𝑠) = 𝑣1𝑓 ；
0.0211 (𝑠) 0.0523 (𝑠)

0.012 (𝑚)
𝑡1𝑓 = = 0.0628 (𝑠)
0.1912 (𝑚⁄𝑠)
 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑖 = 0.1988 × 0.5687 + 0.1989 × 0 = 0.1131 + 0 = 0.1131 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑓 = 0.1988 × 0.1912 + 0.1989 × 0.1912 = 0.0380 + 0.0380 = 0.0760 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
∆𝑃 = 0.0760 − 0.1131 = −0.0371 ( 𝑠)

1 1 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1988 × (0.5687)2 + × 0.1989 × (0)2 = 0.0321 + 0 = 0.0321 (
𝑖 2 2 𝑠2 )

1 1
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1988 × (0.1912)2 + × 0.1989 × (0.1912)2 = 0.0036 + 0.0036
𝑓 2 2
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
= 0.0072 ( 𝑠2 )

0.0072 − 0.0321
∆𝐸𝐾 = × 100% = −77.57%
0.0321

(4)

0.012 (𝑚) 0.01 (𝑚)

𝑣1𝑖 = = 0.5634 (𝑚⁄𝑠)；𝑣2𝑓 = = 0.2066 (𝑚⁄𝑠) = 𝑣1𝑓 ；
0.0213 (𝑠) 0.0484 (𝑠)

0.012 (𝑚)
𝑡1𝑓 = = 0.0581 (𝑠)
0.2066 (𝑚⁄𝑠)
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑖 = 0.1988 × 0.5634 + 0.1989 × 0 = 0.1120 + 0 = 0.1120 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑓 = 0.1988 × 0.2066 + 0.1989 × 0.2066 = 0.0411 + 0.0411 = 0.0822 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
∆𝑃 = 0.0822 − 0.1120 = −0.0298 ( 𝑠)

1 1 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1988 × (0.5634)2 + × 0.1989 × (0)2 = 0.0316 + 0 = 0.0316 (
𝑖 2 2 𝑠2 )

1 1
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1988 × (0.2066)2 + × 0.1989 × (0.2066)2 = 0.0042 + 0.0042
𝑓 2 2
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
= 0.0084 ( 𝑠2 )
 0.0084 − 0.0316
∆𝐸𝐾 = × 100% = −73.42%
0.0316

非完全彈性碰撞 (0 < e < 1)

(1)

0.012 (𝑚) 0.01 (𝑚)

𝑣1𝑖 = = 0.5825 (𝑚⁄𝑠)；𝑣2𝑓 = = 0.2717 (𝑚⁄𝑠) ；
0.0206 (𝑠) 0.0368 (𝑠)

0.012 (𝑚)
𝑣1𝑓 = = 0.0766 (𝑚⁄𝑠)
0.1567 (𝑠)

0.0766 − 0.2717
𝑒=− = 0.3349
0.5825 − 0
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑖 = 0.1990 × 0.5825 + 0.1989 × 0 = 0.1159 + 0 = 0.1159 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑓 = 0.1990 × 0.0766 + 0.1989 × 0.2717 = 0.0152 + 0.0540 = 0.0692 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
∆𝑃 = 0.0692 − 0.1159 = −0.0467 ( 𝑠)

1 1 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1990 × (0.5825)2 + × 0.1989 × (0)2 = 0.0338 + 0 = 0.0338 (
𝑖 2 2 𝑠2 )

1 1
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1990 × (0.0766)2 + × 0.1989 × (0.2717)2 = 0.0006 + 0.0073
𝑓 2 2
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
= 0.0079 ( 𝑠2 )

0.0079 − 0.0338
∆𝐸𝐾 = × 100% = −76.63%
0.0338

(2)

0.012 (𝑚) 0.01 (𝑚)

𝑣1𝑖 = = 0.5333 (𝑚⁄𝑠)；𝑣2𝑓 = = 0.2584 (𝑚⁄𝑠) ；
0.0225 (𝑠) 0.0387 (𝑠)

0.012 (𝑚)
𝑣1𝑓 = = 0.0689 (𝑚⁄𝑠)
0.1742 (𝑠)
 0.0689 − 0.2584
𝑒=− = 0.3553
0.5333 − 0
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑖 = 0.1990 × 0.5333 + 0.1989 × 0 = 0.1061 + 0 = 0.1061 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑓 = 0.1990 × 0.0689 + 0.1989 × 0.2584 = 0.0137 + 0.0514 = 0.0651 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
∆𝑃 = 0.0651 − 0.1061 = −0.0410 ( 𝑠)

1 1 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1990 × (0.5333)2 + × 0.1989 × (0)2 = 0.0283 + 0 = 0.0283 (
𝑖 2 2 𝑠2 )

1 1
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1990 × (0.0689)2 + × 0.1989 × (0.2584)2 = 0.0005 + 0.0066
𝑓 2 2
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
= 0.0071 ( 𝑠2 )

0.0071 − 0.0283
∆𝐸𝐾 = × 100% = −74.91%
0.0283

(3)

0.012 (𝑚) 0.01 (𝑚)

𝑣1𝑖 = = 0.5405 (𝑚⁄𝑠)；𝑣2𝑓 = = 0.2532 (𝑚⁄𝑠) ；
0.0222 (𝑠) 0.0395 (𝑠)

0.012 (𝑚)
𝑣1𝑓 = = 0.0686 (𝑚⁄𝑠)
0.1749 (𝑠)

0.0686 − 0.2532
𝑒=− = 0.3415
0.5405 − 0
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑖 = 0.1990 × 0.5405 + 0.1989 × 0 = 0.1076 + 0 = 0.1076 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑓 = 0.1990 × 0.0686 + 0.1989 × 0.2532 = 0.0137 + 0.0504 = 0.0641 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
∆𝑃 = 0.0641 − 0.1076 = −0.0435 ( 𝑠)

1 1 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1990 × (0.5405)2 + × 0.1989 × (0)2 = 0.0291 + 0 = 0.0291 (
𝑖 2 2 𝑠2 )
 1 1
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1990 × (0.0686)2 + × 0.1989 × (0.2532)2 = 0.0005 + 0.0064
𝑓 2 2
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
= 0.0069 ( 𝑠2 )

0.0069 − 0.0291
∆𝐸𝐾 = × 100% = −76.29%
0.0291

(4)

0.012 (𝑚) 0.01 (𝑚)

𝑣1𝑖 = = 0.4781 (𝑚⁄𝑠)；𝑣2𝑓 = = 0.2364 (𝑚⁄𝑠) ；
0.0251 (𝑠) 0.0423 (𝑠)

0.012 (𝑚)
𝑣1𝑓 = = 0.0629 (𝑚⁄𝑠)
0.1909 (𝑠)

0.0629 − 0.2364
𝑒=− = 0.3579
0.4781 − 0
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑖 = 0.1990 × 0.4781 + 0.1989 × 0 = 0.0951 + 0 = 0.0951 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑓 = 0.1990 × 0.0629 + 0.1989 × 0.2364 = 0.0125 + 0.0470 = 0.0595 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
∆𝑃 = 0.0595 − 0.0951 = −0.0356 ( 𝑠)

1 1 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1990 × (0.4781)2 + × 0.1989 × (0)2 = 0.0227 + 0 = 0.0227 (
𝑖 2 2 𝑠2 )

1 1
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1990 × (0.0629)2 + × 0.1989 × (0.2364)2 = 0.0004 + 0.0056
𝑓 2 2
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
= 0.0060 ( 𝑠2 )

0.0060 − 0.0227
∆𝐸𝐾 = × 100% = −73.57%
0.0227

爆炸 (e > 1)

0.012 (𝑚) 0.01 (𝑚)

𝑣1𝑓 = = 0.1849 (𝑚⁄𝑠) ；𝑣2𝑓 = = 0.0117 (𝑚⁄𝑠)
0.0649 (𝑠) 0.854 (𝑠)
 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑖 = 0.1987 × 0 + 0.1994 × 0 = 0 + 0 = 0 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
𝑃𝑡𝑓 = 0.1987 × 0.1849 + 0.1994 × 0.0117 = 0.0367 + 0.0023 = 0.0390 ( 𝑠)

𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚⁄
∆𝑃 = 0.0390 − 0 = 0.0390 ( 𝑠)

1 1 𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1987 × (0)2 + × 0.1994 × (0)2 = 0 + 0 = 0 (
𝑖 2 2 𝑠2)

1 1
𝐸𝐾𝑡 = × 0.1987 × (0.1849)2 + × 0.1994 × (0.0117)2 = 0.0034 + 0.00001
𝑓 2 2
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝑚2⁄
= 0.00341 ( 𝑠2 )

0.00341 − 0
∆𝐸𝐾 = × 100% = 0%
0

二、儀器清單
三、誤差討論

⚫ 完全彈性碰撞 (e ≈ 1)
◼ 恢復係數的平均值
0.8447 + 0.8893 + 0.8062 + 0.9327
𝑒̅ = = 0.8682
4
◼ 恢復係數平均值的統計標準差
∑ 𝑒2 (0.84472 )+(0.88932 )+(0.80622 )+(0.93272 )
𝜎 = √𝑛−1 = √ = 1.0040
3

𝜎 1.0040
𝜎𝑒̅ = = = 0.5020
√𝑛 √4

⚫ 非完全彈性碰撞 (0 < e < 1)

◼ 恢復係數的平均值
0.3349 + 0.3553 + 0.3415 + 0.3579
𝑒̅ = = 0.3474
4

◼ 恢復係數平均值的統計標準差
∑ 𝑒2 (0.33492 )+(0.35532 )+(0.34152 )+(0.35792 )
𝜎 = √𝑛−1 = √ = 0.4013
3

𝜎 0.4013
𝜎𝑒̅ = = = 0.20065
√𝑛 √4

⚫ 可能誤差來源

進行四捨五入、砝碼測重質量時有誤差、滑車前進時所受空氣阻力等等。
四、問題回答

(1) 二質點的碰撞是否一定是彈性的？

答： 不一定，有可能為非完全彈性碰撞或完全非彈性碰撞。

(2) 非彈性碰撞中減少的動能到哪裡去了？

答：轉換成熱能並散失於空氣中。

(3) 何謂內力？如果在滑車將受撞擊處裝一顆炸彈，在碰撞時，這顆炸彈利用碰撞引爆了，
請問動量還會守恆嗎？動能會如何？

答：內力係指系統內質點間的相互作用力，會影響質點的個別運動，但不影響整個系統的運
動。炸彈爆炸瞬間系統動量維持守恆，動能增加。

五、補充資料

⚫ 延伸閱讀： Serway’s principles of physics, 4th edition, ISBN0-534-49605-9, chapter 8.