SVKM’s NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies

Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

Unit IV
Multiple Integrals
Overview:
In this unit, we will learn to effectively evaluate double integrals and triple integrals. We
will learn to apply double integrals to find the area. Further, we will use triple integrals
to find volume.
Outcome:
After completion of this unit, students would be able to:
1. employ appropriate mathematical techniques in evaluating Multiple Integrals.
2. apply various techniques of Multiple Integration in solving engineering problems.

Detailed Syllabus:

1.1 Double integrals (Cartesian)

1.2 Change of order of integration in double integrals

1.3 Change of variables (Cartesian to polar), Jacobian

1.4 Application of Double Integral to find area.

1.5 Triple Integral, Change of variable to spherical and cylindrical co-ordinates
1.6 Application of Triple Integral to find volume

Evaluation of Double Integration

Double integral over a region R may be evaluated by two successive integration. Double
integral depend upon the nature of the curves bounding the region R. Let, R is bounded
by the curves 𝑥 = 𝑥 , 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑦 , 𝑦 = 𝑦

𝒙 𝒚
i.e. ∫ ∫ 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒙. 𝒅𝒚 = ∫𝒙 𝟐 ∫𝒚 𝟐 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒙. 𝒅𝒚
𝟏 𝟏
The order of integration is depend on the nature of limit in the region R.

Case-I
If R is the region bounded by the curves 𝑥 = 𝑓 (𝑦), 𝑥 = 𝑓 (𝑦) and two straight lines
𝑦 = 𝑏 , 𝑦 = 𝑏 . Then,

𝒃𝟐 𝒇𝟐 (𝒚)
∫ 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) 𝒅𝒙. 𝒅𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚
𝑹 𝒃𝟏 𝒇𝟏 (𝒚)

In this integral we first integrate the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)w.r.t. x keeping y constant from
𝑓 (𝑦) 𝑡𝑜 𝑓 (𝑦) and the resulting function of y from 𝑏 𝑡𝑜 𝑏 .
 SVKM’s NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

Case-II
If R is the region bounded by the curves 𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥), 𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥) and two straight lines
𝑥 = 𝑏 , 𝑥 = 𝑏 . Then,
𝒃𝟐 𝒇𝟐 (𝒙)
∫ 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) 𝒅𝒙. 𝒅𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙
𝑹 𝒃𝟏 𝒇𝟏 (𝒙)

In this integral we first integrate the function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)w.r.t. y keeping x constant from
𝑓 (𝑥) 𝑡𝑜 𝑓 (𝑥) and the resulting function of x from 𝑏 𝑡𝑜 𝑏 .

Case-III
If R is the region bounded by the straight lines 𝑥 = 𝑎 , 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑦 = 𝑏 , 𝑦 = 𝑏 .
Then,

𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒂𝟐
∫ 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) 𝒅𝒙. 𝒅𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚
𝑹 𝒂𝟏 𝒃𝟏 𝒃𝟏 𝒂𝟏

In this integration the order of integration is immaterial, provided the limits of the
integration are changed accordingly.

Change of order of integration

As discussed in the case-I and case-II of evaluation of double integration there is a
specified order to integrate double integral. Some time it is difficult to integrate them
directly. In such case it may be convenient to integrate by changing the order of
integration. The process of changing the double integral ∫ ∫ 𝑉𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 in to ∫ ∫ 𝑉𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 or
vice-versa is called the change of order of integration.

Working Rule:

When it is required to change the order of integration in an integral for which limit are
given, we first find out the region R of integration from the limits. When region R of
integration is known, we next assign limits of integration in the reverse order from
geometric considerations. Now,
𝒃 𝒇𝟐(𝒙) 𝒃 ∅
Suppose we want to change ∫𝒙 𝒂 ∫𝒚 𝒇𝟏(𝒙)
𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒚𝒅𝒙 to∫𝒚 𝟏𝒂 ∫𝒙 𝟐(𝒚)
∅
𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚.
𝟏 𝟏(𝒚)
First we see that the region bounded by the curves 𝑥 = 𝑎, 𝑥 = 𝑏, 𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥) and 𝑓 (𝑥) we
draw the rough sketch and find the region R which is called the region of integration
and bounded by the given limits of integration.
Next we find the limit of 𝑥 in term of 𝑦 and limit of 𝑦 in term of constant. For this, we
select the region such as all given curve bounded by strip.
1. For the limit of 𝑥 in term of 𝑦, we draw the strip parallel to 𝑋 axis. Such as the
strip cover the minimum and maximum limit of 𝑦.
2. Next we find the limits of 𝑦 in term of constant.

Similarly,
𝒃 𝒇 𝒃 ∅
We change order of integration∫𝒚 ∫ 𝟐(𝒚)
𝒂 𝒙 𝒇𝟏(𝒚)
𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒙𝒅𝒚 to∫𝒙 𝟏𝒂 ∫𝒚 𝟐(𝒙)
∅
𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒚𝒅𝒙
𝟏 𝟏(𝒙)
 SVKM’s NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

Change of Co-ordinate system:

Double integration in polar co-ordinates

Let 𝐷 be the domain in 𝑥𝑦 plane and let 𝑥, 𝑦 be the rectangular Cartesian coordinates of
any point P in D. let 𝑢, 𝑣 be new variables in the domain 𝐷∗ such that 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑢, 𝑣 are
connected through the continuous functions
𝒙 = 𝒈(𝒖, 𝒗), 𝒚 = 𝒉(𝒖, 𝒗) ---(1)

Then 𝑢, 𝑣 are said to be curvilinear coordinates of point 𝑃∗ in 𝐷∗ which uniquely

corresponds to 𝑃 in 𝐷. Solving (1) for 𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣, we get
𝒖 = 𝒈∗ (𝒙, 𝒚), 𝒗 = 𝒉∗ (𝒙, 𝒚) ---(2)

Then a given double integral in the given (old) variables x,y can be transformed to a
double integral in the new variables 𝑢, 𝑣 as follows:
∫ ∫𝑫 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) 𝒅𝒙. 𝒅𝒚 = ∫ ∫𝑫∗ 𝑭(𝒖, 𝒗) |𝑱|𝒅𝒖. 𝒅𝒗 ---(3)

Here, 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑓{𝑥( , ) , 𝑦( , ) = 𝐹(𝑢, 𝑣) and 𝐽 is the Jacobian (functional determinant)

defined as

𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙
𝒙, 𝒚 𝝏(𝒙, 𝒚)
𝑱=𝑱 = = 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒗
𝒖, 𝒗 𝝏(𝒖, 𝒗) 𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚
𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝒗
(3) is known as formula for transformation of coordinates in double integral.

For a double integral in Cartesian coordinates 𝒙, 𝒚 the change of variables to polar

coordinates 𝒓 , 𝜽 can be done through the transformation 𝒙 = 𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽, 𝒚 = 𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽.

Therefore,

∫ 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) 𝒅𝒙. 𝒅𝒚 = ∫ 𝒇(𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽, 𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽) 𝒅𝒙. 𝒅𝒚 = 𝑭(𝒓, 𝜽) 𝒓 𝒅𝒓. 𝒅𝜽

𝑫 𝑫∗ 𝜽 𝒓

where, 𝑭(𝒓, 𝜽) = 𝑓(𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽, 𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽) = 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)and the Jacobian in thiscase is r.

Applications of double integrals:

1. If f  x, y   1 , then the area A of the region R is given by  dxdy .

R

x b y  f2  x  y d x  f2  y 

a) Cartesian coordinates : A   
x a y  f2  x 
dxdy or A   
y c x  f 2  y 
dxdy
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Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

  2 r  f 2  
b) Polar coordinates: A   
 1 r  f1  
rdrd

Triple Integral:

The concept of double integral of a function f  x, y  over a given region in xy -plane can
be extended a step further to define triple integral.

Consider a function f  x, y, z  defined over a finite region V of three dimensional space.

Let the region be sub divided into n sub intervals  V1 ,  V2 ,.....,  Vn . Let P  xr , yr , z r  be a
n
point in the r th sub interval. We now form the sum  f  xr , y r , z r  .
r 1

The limit of the above when it exists, as n tends to infinity and the volume of each sub
region tends to zero is called triple integral of f  x, y, z  over the region V and is denoted
by  f  x, y , z dV .
V

n
Thus  f  x, y , z dV  lim f  xr , y r , z r  Vr
V n  r 1
V 0

Evaluation of Triple Integral:

The triple integral can be evaluated by successive single integrals as follows,

x b y  2  x  z  f 2  x , y 

   f  x, y, z  dxdydz Where the integration with respect to z is performed first

x  a y 1  x  z  f1  x , y 

by treating x and y constant. Then the integration with respect to y is performed

treating x constant and finally the integration with respect to x is performed.

Spherical coordinates:

x  r sin  cos  , y  r sin  sin  , z  r cos 

dxdydz  r 2 sin  drd d

Cylindrical coordinates:

x  r cos  , y  r sin  , z  z

dxdydz  rdrd dz

Application of triple integrals:

 SVKM’s NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

To express the volume of a solid as a triple integral, we note that the volume of a n
elementary solid is dxdydz , and so the volume of the solid is given by

volume =  dxdydz

If f  x, y, z   1 , then the volume V of the region T is given by  dxdydz

T

Session 1
1. Evaluate ∫ ∫ 𝑥𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 . Ans: 24

2. Evaluate ∫ ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 . Ans:𝑒 − 1

3. Evaluate∫ ∫ . Ans:
( )( )

1 2 x
16
4. Evaluate   ydxdy .
0 x2
Ans:
15

1 y
41
5. Evaluate   1  xy dx.dy Ans.
2

0 y2
210

6. Evaluate ∫ ∫ 𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃 . Ans:

7. Evaluate ∫ ∫ r sin θ 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃 . Ans:

Session 2
1. Evaluate   ( x 2  y 2 )dxdy , R being the region bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 , 𝑥 = 2 and𝑦 = 1.
R

1286
Ans.
105

 e
ax by
2. Evaluate dxdy where R is the area of triangle bounded by x  0, y  0 & ax  by  1 .
R

1
Ans:
ab

 x
2
3. Evaluate dxdy where R is the region in the first quadrant bounded by
R

16
y , x  8, y  0 & y  x. Ans:448
x
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Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

Session 3
 x 
 y 2 x dxdy over the positive quadrant of the circle x 2  y 2  a 2 .
2
4. Evaluate
2a 5
Ans: .
5
 x 
 y 2 dxdy over the area of the triangle whose vertices are
2
5. Evaluate
0,1, 1,1, 1,2 . Ans: 7/6
6. Evaluate:  xy  x  y  dxdy over the region bounded by the curves y  x 2 and y  x .
Ans: 37/420

Session 4
1. Change the order of integration ∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥Ans: ∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦.

5 2 x
2. Change the order of integration and solve   dydx.
0 2 x Ans: 2

√
3. Change the order of integration ∫ ∫ 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 Ans: ∫ ∫ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 .
2
3 10  y
4. Change the order of integration   f  x, y  dxdy .
0 y2
9

Session 5
√
1. Change to polar coordinates and evaluate ∫ ∫√ . Ans : 4

2. Change to polar coordinates and evaluate ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 . Ans: log(1 + √2)

( )

√
3. Change to polar coordinates and evaluate ∫ ∫ 𝑦 (𝑥 + 𝑦 )𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥. Ans:
 SVKM’s NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

Session 6
1. Find the area of the circle x 2  y 2  a 2 .
2. Using double integration find the area between the curves y 2  4 x and 2 x  3 y  4  0 .
3. Find by double integration, the area bounded by the parabolas 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥and 𝑦 = 4 − 4𝑥.
Ans: 8 sq. units.

Session 7
log 2 x x  y
5
e
x y z
1. Evaluate dxdydz . Ans:
0 0 0 8

1 1 x 2 1 x 2  y 2
dxdydz 2
2. Evaluate    . Ans:
0 0 0 1  x2  y 2  z 2 8

log 2 x x  log y
8 19
3. Evaluate  
0 0 0
e x  y  z dxdydz . Ans: log 2 
3 9

Session 8
dxdydz
1. Evaluate  over the volume of the sphere x 2  y 2  z 2  a 2 . Ans: 4 a
x  y2  z2
2

dxdydz
2. Using spherical coordinates, Evaluate  where V is the volume bounded by
 x2  y2  z 2 
3
2
V

5
spheres x 2  y 2  z 2  16 and x 2  y 2  z 2  25 . Ans: 4 log  
4

3. Evaluate  x 2  y 2 dxdydz where V is the volume bounded by x 2  y 2  z 2 , z  0 and z  1 .

V


Ans:
2

 z dxdydz over the volume bounded by the cylinder x 2  y 2  a 2 , paraboloid

2
4. Evaluate
a8
x 2  y 2  z and the plane z  0 . Ans:
12

Session 9
 SVKM’s NarseeMonjee Institute of Management Studies
Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering

1. Find the volume bounded by the coordinate planes and the plane .

Ans :

2. Find the volume of rectangular parallelepiped bounded by the set of inequalities

1  x  3,3  y  6, 2  z  5 . Ans: 18

3. Find the volume of a sphere of radius . Ans :

4. Find the volume bounded by , and the planes to . Ans:

Session 10

1. Find by triple integration the volume bounded by and the planes

Ans: .
2. Find the volume bounded by the cylinder x  y 2  4 and the planes y  z  3 and z  0
2

Ans: 12
3. Find the volume bounded by and the cylinder .

Ans :

References:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10th Edition, Erwin Kreyszig, Wiley India, 2017
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 20th Edition, H. K. Dass, S. Chand & Company Ltd, 2012