Application Note: AN_SY6952B

2A Single-Cell High Efficiency Switching Charger

with Adaptive Input Current Limit

General Description Features

SY6952B is a 4.0-23V input, 2A single-cell • Wide Input Voltage Range: 4.0V to 23V
synchronous buck Li-Ion battery charger, suitable for • High Efficiency Int. Synchronous Buck Regulator
portable application. Select pin is convenient for with Fixed 800kHz Switching Frequency
different cell voltage. Integrated 800 kHz synchronous • Trickle Current / Constant Current / Constant
buck regulator consists of 23V rating FETs with Voltage Charge Mode
extremely low ON resistance to achieve high charge • Adaptive input current limit
efficiency and simple peripheral circuit design. • Programmable Charging Timeout
• 4.35 and 4.2V selectable cell voltage
• Programmable (2A MAX) Constant Charge Current
Ordering Information • Input Voltage UVLO and Battery OVP
SY6952□(□□)□ • Over Temperature Protection
Temperature Code • Output Short Circuit Protection
Package Code • Charge Status Indication
Optional Spec Code • Normal Synchronous Buck Operation when Battery
Removed
Temperature Range: -40°C to 85°C • Compact package SO8E

Ordering Number Package type Note Applications

SY6952BFCC SO8E • Cellular Telephones,
• PDA, MP3 Players, MP4 Players
• Digital Cameras
• Bluetooth Applications
• PSP Game Players, NDS Game Players
• Notebook

Typical Applications

Figure1. Schematic Diagram

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Pinout (top view)

(SO8E)
Top Mark: ALBxyz (device code: ALB, x=year code, y=week code, z= lot number code)
Name Number Description
Charge time limit pin. Connect this pin with a capacitor to ground. Internal current
TIM 1 source charge the capacitor for TC mode and CC mode’s charge time limit. TC
charge time limit is about 1/9 of CC charge time.
Charge current program pin. Connect a current sense resistor from RS pin to BAT
RS 2
pin. Average charge current is detected for both TC mode and CC mode.
BAT 3 Battery positive pin.
Thermal protection pin. UTP threshold is about 75%VIN and OTP threshold is
NTC 4 about 30%VIN. Pull up to VIN can disable charge logic and make the IC operate as
normal buck regulator. Pull down to ground can shut down the IC.
VSET is pull down internally. Open or pull down for 4.2V cell voltage, pull up for
VSET 5
4.35V cell voltage.
Charge status indication pin. It is open drain output pin and can be used to turn on a
STAT 6
LED to indicate the charge in process. When the charge is done, LED is off.
Switch node pin. This pin connects the drains of the integrated main and
LX 7
synchronous power MOSFET switches. Connect to external inductor.
Positive power supply input pin. VIN ranges from 4V to 23V for normal operation.
IN 8 It has UVLO function and must be 300mV greater than the battery voltage to
enable normal operation.
GND Exposed pad Ground pin.

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)

IN, BAT, RS, LX, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -0.5- 25V
VSET, TIM, NTC, STAT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -0.5- 25V
LX Pin current continuous ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2A
Power Dissipation, PD @ TA = 25°C, SO8E-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.3W
Package Thermal Resistance
θ JA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30°C/W
θ JC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20°C/W
Junction Temperature Range ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -40°C to 150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 260°C
Storage Temperature Range ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -65°C to 125°C
ESD Susceptibility (Note 2)
HBM (Human Body Mode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2kV
MM (Machine Mode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 200V
Recommended Operating Conditions
IN, BAT, RS, LX, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------less than 23V
VSET, TIM, NTC, STAT -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------less than 23V
LX Pin current continuous -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- less than 1.5A
Junction Temperature Range ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- -20°C to 100°C
Ambient Temperature Range ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -40°C to 85°C

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Electrical Characteristics
TA=25°C, VIN=15V, GND=0V, CIN=10uF, LB=6.8uH, RS=25mΩ, CTIM=330nF, unless otherwise specified.

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

Bias Supply (VIN)
VIN Supply voltage 4.0 23 V
VIN rising and measured from
VUVLO VIN under voltage lockout threshold 3.9 V
VIN to GND
∆VUVLO VIN under voltage lockout hysteresis Measured from VIN to GND 190 mV
VIN rising and measured from
VOVP Input overvoltage protection 23 V
VIN to GND
∆VOVP Input overvoltage protection hysteresis Measured from VIN to GND 750 mV
Quiescent Current
IBAT Battery discharge current Enable off 25 uA
IIN Input leakage current Disable Charge 1.5 mA
Oscillator and PWM
fOSC Oscillator frequency 640 800 960 kHz
D PFET duty cycle 100 %
Power MOSFET
RNFET RDS(ON) of N-FET Include bond-wire 150 mΩ
RPFET RDS(ON) of P-FET 160 mΩ
Voltage Regulation
Low VSET for 4.2V cell voltage 4.16 4.20 4.24
VCV 0°C <=TA<=70°C V
High VSET for 4.35V cell voltage 4.30 4.35 4.40
4.2V CV threshold for Recharge 50 100 150
∆VRCH 0°C <=TA<=70°C mV
4.35V CV threshold for Recharge 100 150 200
VTRK TC charge mode voltage threshold 0°C <=TA<=70°C 2.2 2.5 2.8 V
Battery Connect Detection
VDET Detect voltage threshold 80% 90% VIN
VSHOT< VBAT< VRCH
tDET Detect delay time 30 35 40 ms
Charge Current
Internal charge current accuracy for Constant
ICC=25mV/RS -10% 10%
Current Mode
Internal charge current accuracy for Trickle
ITC=2.5mV/RS -50% 50%
Current Mode
Input current limit slow response
VINSL IN voltage falling threshold at high current 4.6 V
∆VINSL IN voltage hysteresis at high current 50 mV
Input current limit quick response
∆V IN voltage falling threshold at high current 4.4 V
∆VINQK IN voltage hysteresis at high current 100 mV
Output Voltage OVP
VOVP Output voltage OVP threshold 105% 110% 115% VCV
Output Short Protection
VSHOT Output short protection threshold VBAT falling edge 1.70 2.00 2.30 V
fFBK Frequency fold back VBAT<2V/CELL 12.5% fOSC
ILM Power FET current limit 3.0 A
Timer
TTC Trickle current charge timeout 0.23 0.5 0.67 hour
CTIM=330nF
TCC Constant current charge timeout 3.0 4.5 6.0 hour
TMC Charge mode change delay time 30 ms
TTERM Termination delay time 30 ms
TRCHG Recharge time delay 30 ms
Battery Thermal Protection NTC
Under temperature protection 70% 75% 80%
UTP
Under temperature protection hysteresis Falling edge 5%
VIN
Over temperature protection 28% 30% 32%
OTP
Over temperature protection hysteresis Rising edge 2%
Automatic Shutdown
∆VASD ASD voltage threshold hysteresis Measured from VIN to VBAT 80 mV
Thermal Shutdown
TSD Thermal shutdown temperature Rising Threshold 160 ºC
TSDHYS Thermal shutdown temperature hysteresis 20 ºC

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Note 1: Stresses beyond the “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are
stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the
operational sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.

Note 2: θ JA is measured in the natural convection at TA = 25°C on a low effective four-layer thermal conductivity
test board of JEDEC 51-3 thermal measurement standard.

Note 3: The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating conditions

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Basic Li-Ion Battery Charge Operation Flow Chart

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General Function Description Protection Description

SY6952B is a 4.0-23V input, 2A single-cell
synchronous Buck Li-Ion battery charger. The compact Thermal Protection-Thermal shutdown is active for
package SO8E is widely suitable for portable battery and IC both. IC recovers to normal work when
application. VSET pin is convenient for selecting the temperature backs in normal range again. Timer
4.35V or 4.2V cell voltage. Integrated 800 kHz stop and hold-on without reset.
synchronous buck regulator consists of 23V rating
FETs with extremely low ON resistance to achieve Short Circuit Protection- When VBAT voltage is
high charge efficiency and simple peripheral circuit lower than the short circuit protection threshold, short
design. circuit protection is active. The switching frequency is
fold back to 12.5% of the default value and VC begins
Charging Status Indication Description to re-soft start periodically. During this mode, if the
battery exists, the trickle charge timer is still active and
1. Charge-In-Process – Pulls and keeps STAT pin to would timeout the IC finally.
Low;
2. Charge Done – Pulls and keeps STAT pin to High; Over Current Protection- The internal current loop
3. Fault Mode – Outputs high and low voltage with different constant current capability is always
alternatively with 0.5Hz frequency when the CTIM active no matter in Buck mode or Battery Charging
is 330nF. mode for the over current protection.
Connects a LED from VIN to STAT pin, LED ON
means Charge-in-Process, LED OFF means Charge Over Voltage Protection- When VBAT voltage is
Done, LED Flash means Fault Mode. higher than the over voltage protection threshold no
matter with or without battery connecting, IC shuts
Buck Regulator Operation Description down and recovers to normal work when VBAT backs
If the Li-Ion battery is absent suddenly, the output to normal level. Input voltage has UVLO and OVP,
battery load current drawn from BAT pin pulls down which would make IC shutdown and recover to normal
the voltage across the CBAT until reaching the recharge work when the VIN backs to normal range.
threshold 4V. Then, SY6952B can operate as a normal
peak current mode controlled synchronous buck Adaptive Input Current Limit- When the input is
converter and the output voltage on BAT pin is drawn from a USB port, SY6952B will adaptively limit
regulated at VCV. In this operation mode, the input the current if the input current is over the USB supply
current limit and the constant output current loop are capability.
still active, however the charge timeout and the trickle
current charge are disabled both. Timeout Protection-Programmable timeout protection
is for both Trickle Current Charge Mode and Constant
Current Charge Mode. Once timeout is active, IC stops
the charge operation and latches off. Only power or
battery re-plug in can get the latch logic reset and the
IC restarted.

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Typical Performance Characteristics

TA=25°C, VIN=5V, RS=20mΩ, 1cell battery, unless otherwise specified.
Efficiency VS Charge current ( CV mode ) Efficiency VS Charge current( CC mode )

Power On Power Off

CH1: VBAT CH2:LX CH3: IN CH4: IL CH1: VBAT CH2:LX CH3: IN CH4: IL

Adaptive Input Current Limit Constant Current Charge State

CH1: VBAT CH2:LX CH3: IN(4.6V offset) CH4: IL CH2:LX CH4:IL

Battery Short Buck Mode: Output Short

CH2:LX CH4:IL CH2:LX CH4:IL

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Applications Information Charge current sense resistor Rs

Because of the high integration of SY6952B, the The charge current sense resistor RS is calculated as
application circuit based on this regulator IC is rather below:
simple. Only input capacitor CIN, output capacitor COUT,
inductor L, NTC resistors R1,R2 ,charge current sense 25
resistor Rs and timer capacitor CTIM need to be selected RS = , Unit: mohm
for the targeted applications specifications. ICHG

NTC resistor: While the ICHG is the battery constant charge current.

SY6952B monitors battery temperature by measuring Timer capacitor CTIM

the input voltage and NTC voltage. The controller
triggers the UTP or OTP when the rate K (K= The charger also provides a programmable charge
VNTC/VIN) reaches the threshold of UTP (KUT) or OTP timer. The charge time is programmed by the capacitor
(KOT). The temperature sensing network is showed as connected between the TIM pin and GND. The
below. capacitance is given by the formula:
Choose R1 and R2 to program the proper UTP and
OTP points. CTIM=2*10-11TCC Unit: F

TCC is the target constant charge time, measured in seconds.

Input capacitor CIN:

The ripple current through input capacitor is greater
than
ICIN_MIN = ICHG D(1 − D)
To minimize the potential noise problem, place a
typical X7R or better grade ceramic capacitor really
close to the IN and GND pins. Care should be taken to
The calculation steps are:
minimize the loop area formed by CIN, and IN/GND
1. Define KUT, KUT =70~80%
pins.
2. Define KOT, KOT =28~32%
3. Assume the resistance of the battery NTC
Output capacitor COUT:
thermistor is RUT at UTP threshold and ROT at OTP
The output capacitor is selected to handle the output
threshold.
ripple noise requirements. Both steady state ripple and
4. Calculate R2,
transient requirements must be taken into consideration
KOT (1 − KUT )RUT − KUT (1 − KOT )ROT
R2 = when selecting this capacitor. For the best performance,
KUT - KOT it is recommended to use X7R or better grade ceramic
capacitor with 10uF capacitance.
5. Calculate R1
R1 = (1 / KOT − 1)( R 2 + ROT ) Output inductor L:
There are several considerations in choosing this
inductor.
If choose the typical values KUT =75% and KOT=30%,
then 1) Choose the inductance to provide the desired
ripple current. It is suggested to choose the ripple
R2 = 0.17 RUT − 1.17 ROT current to be about 40% of the average input
current. The inductance is calculated as:
R1 = 2.3( R 2 + ROT )

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VOUT(1 − VOUT/VIN, MAX)

L= Layout Design:
FSW × IOUT, MAX × 40% The layout design of SY6952B regulator is relatively
Where FSW is the switching frequency and IOUT,MAX is simple. For the best efficiency and minimum noise
the maximum load current. problems, we should place the following components
The SY6952B regulator IC is quite tolerant of different close to the IC: CIN, L, R1 and R2.
ripple current amplitude. Consequently, the final choice
of inductance can be slightly off the calculation value 1) It is desirable to maximize the PCB copper area
without significantly impacting the performance. connecting to GND pin to achieve the best thermal and
noise performance. If the board space allowed, a
2) The saturation current rating of the inductor must ground plane is highly desirable.
be selected to be greater than the peak inductor
current under full load conditions. 2) CIN must be close to Pins IN and GND. The loop
VOUT(1 − VOUT/VIN，MAX) area formed by CIN and GND must be minimized.
ISAT, MIN > IOUT, MAX +
2 × FSW × L
3) The PCB copper area associated with LX pin must
be minimized to avoid the potential noise problem.
3) The DCR of the inductor and the core loss at the
switching frequency must be low enough to 4) The capacitor CTIM and the trace connecting to the
achieve the desired efficiency requirement. It is TIM pin must NOT be adjacent to the LX net on the
desirable to choose an inductor with PCB layout to avoid the noise problem. It should be
DCR<10mohm to achieve a good overall better to ground CTIM to the output Capacitor’s ground.
efficiency.

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SO8E Package outline & PCB layout design

1.55
1.27 TYP

3.20

5.80 - 6.20
6.10
3.80 - 4.00
2.55
5.40

0.60 0.30 – 0.50

Recommended Pad Layout

0.18 - 0.25

0.25 - 0.50
45°

4.80 - 5.00
00.00 - 0.25
0.25 base

1.30 - 1.60

-8
°
0

0.60 - 0.85 1.27 (TYP)

Notes: All dimensions are in millimeters.

All dimensions don’t include mold flash & metal burr.

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Taping & Reel Specification

1. Taping orientation
SO8E
3.9/4.1 1.45/1.55
11.7/12.3

Feeding direction
2. Carrier Tape & Reel specification for packages

Tape
Package Pocket Reel size Reel Trailer Leader length Qty per
width
types pitch(mm) (Inch) width(mm) length(mm) (mm) reel
(mm)
SO8E 12 8 13" 12.4 400 400 2500

3. Others: NA

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