UNIT 4: ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET

Chapter – 10: CREATING A SPREADSHEET

1. What is spreadsheet?
Ans: - A spreadsheet is a digital tool that organizes data into rows and columns, allowing users to perform
calculations, analyse data, and create charts.

2. Name three important features of spreadsheet?

Ans: -Three important features of a spreadsheet are:
1. Formulas and Functions – for automatic calculations.
2. Data Sorting and Filtering – to organize and manage data.
3. Charting and Graphing – to visualize data trends and comparisons.

3. Mention any four-spreadsheet software.

Ans: - Four popular spreadsheet software are:
1. Microsoft Excel
2. Google Sheets
3. Apple Numbers
4. LibreOffice Calc

4. Define workbook?
Ans: - A workbook is a file in spreadsheet software that contains one or more worksheets, allowing users to
organize, analyse, and store data across multiple sheets within a single document.

5. Define cell range in MS Excel.

Ans: - A cell range in MS Excel is a group of selected cells within a worksheet, identified by the reference of
the top-left cell to the bottom-right cell (e.g., A1:C3). It is used to apply functions, formatting, or calculations
to multiple cells at once.

Chapter – 11: EDITING DATA IN A SPREADSHEET

1. List the types of data that you can enter in a spreadsheet.
Ans: - The types of data you can enter in a spreadsheet are:
1. Text (labels or descriptions)
2. Numbers (values for calculations)
3. Formulas (for computations)
4. Dates and Times (for tracking and analysis)

2. What is compound formula? Give an example.

Ans: A compound formula is a formula that combines multiple calculations or functions within a single
expression. Example: =(A1 + B1)* C1
This formula adds the values in cells A1 and B1, then multiplies the result by the value in cell C1.

3. Distinguish between formulas and functions.

Ans: - Formulas are expressions created by users to perform calculations using numbers, operators, and cell
references (e.g., `=A1 + B1`).
Functions, on the other hand, are predefined calculations in spreadsheet software that perform specific tasks
using arguments (e.g., `=SUM(A1:A5)`), simplifying complex calculations.

4. Describe the use of MAX and MIN functions.

Ans: - The MAX function is used to find the highest value in a set of numbers or a range of cells, while the
MIN function identifies the lowest value in a similar set. Both functions are useful for quickly determining
the extremes of data, such as finding the maximum or minimum score in a dataset. Example:
- `=MAX(A1:A10)` returns the highest number in the range A1 to A10.
- `=MIN(A1:A10)` returns the lowest number in the same range.
5. Describe the use of COUNT function.
Ans: - The COUNT function is used in spreadsheets to count the number of cells in a specified range that
contain numeric values. It helps in analysing datasets by providing the total count of entries, excluding empty
cells and those with non-numeric data.
Example: `=COUNT(A1:A10)` counts all numeric entries in the range A1 to A10.

6. Differentiate between a Workbook and Worksheet.

Ans: -

7. What are row and column header?

Ans: - Row headers are the numbered labels on the left side of a spreadsheet that identify each horizontal row,
while column headers are the lettered labels at the top that identify each vertical column. Together, they help
users reference and organize data within the grid structure of a spreadsheet.

8. Distinguish between the Name box and Formula bar.

Ans: - The Name Box is located to the left of the Formula Bar and displays the reference of the currently
selected cell or range, allowing users to quickly identify and navigate to specific locations within the
worksheet. The Formula Bar, on the other hand, is used to enter or edit data, formulas, or functions for the
selected cell, providing a space to view and modify cell contents.

9. What is a range of cells?

Ans: - A range of cells is a selection of two or more contiguous cells in a spreadsheet, defined by the reference
of the top-left cell to the bottom-right cell (e.g., A1:B5). It allows users to perform operations, such as
calculations or formatting, on multiple cells at once.

10. Describe labels in a spreadsheet.

Ans: - Labels in a spreadsheet are alphanumeric entries used to identify data and provide context or
descriptions for numerical values. They are typically found in the first row or first column and can include
text, dates, or other non-numeric characters. Labels help users understand the meaning of the associated data,
making it easier to read and analyze the spreadsheet.

11. What is the difference between basic and compound formulas?

Ans: -
12. What are arguments?
Ans: - Arguments are the values, cell references, or expressions passed into a function in a spreadsheet. They
provide the necessary data that the function needs to perform its calculation or operation. For example, in the
function `=SUM(A1:A5)`, the range `A1:A5` is the argument that specifies which cells to sum.

13. List any two commonly used functions.

Ans: - Two commonly used functions in spreadsheets are:
1. SUM – adds a range of numbers (e.g., `=SUM(A1:A10)`).
2. AVERAGE – calculates the mean of a set of numbers (e.g., `=AVERAGE(B1:B10)`).

Chapter–12: FORMATTINGDATAINASPREADSHEET
1. Name the different tabs available in the Format Cells dialog box.
Ans: - The different tabs available in the Format Cells dialog box in spreadsheets typically include:
1. Number - for formatting numerical values.
2. Alignment - for adjusting text alignment and orientation.
3. Font - for changing font type, size, and style.
4. Border - for adding or modifying cell borders.
5. Fill - for changing the background color of cells.
6. Protection - for setting cell locking and protection options.

2. How can you format a range of cells with decimal values?

Ans: - To format a range of cells with decimal values in a spreadsheet, follow these steps:
1. Select the range of cells you want to format.
2. Right-click and choose Format Cells from the context menu.
3. In the Format Cells dialog box, click on the Number tab.
4. Select Number from the list and specify the number of decimal places you want to display.
5. Click OK to apply the formatting.
This will adjust the selected cells to display the specified number of decimal places.

3. How do you enter date and time in an Excel sheet?

Ans: - To enter date and time in an Excel sheet, you can follow these steps:
1. Select the cell where you want to enter the date or time.
2. Type the date or time in a recognized format, such as:
- For date: `MM/DD/YYYY` (e.g., `10/25/2024`)
- For time: `HH:MM AM/PM` (e.g., `2:30 PM`)
3. Press Enter to confirm the entry.
Excel will automatically recognize and format the entry as a date or time value. You can also use the DATE
function for more complex entries (e.g., `=DATE(2024, 10, 25)` for October 25, 2024).

4. Write the steps for converting numeric data into labels.

Ans: - To convert numeric data into labels in Excel, follow these steps:
1. Select the cell(s) containing the numeric data you want to convert.
2. Right-click on the selected cell(s) and choose Format Cells from the context menu.
3. In the Format Cells dialog box, click on the Number tab.
4. Select Text from the list of categories.
5. Click OK to apply the formatting.
This will change the format of the selected numeric data to text, effectively converting the numbers into labels.
Alternatively, you can precede the number with an apostrophe (') when entering it, which also treats it as text.

5. What is the use of fill handle?

Ans: - The fill handle is a small square located at the bottom-right corner of a selected cell or range in Excel.
It is used to quickly copy and fill data or formulas into adjacent cells. By clicking and dragging the fill handle,
users can extend a sequence (like dates or numbers), replicate formulas, or apply the same formatting across
multiple cells, saving time and effort in data entry.
 CHAPTER 13: CELL REFERENCING
1. What do you understand by cell referencing?
Ans: - Cell referencing refers to the method of using cell addresses (such as A1, B2, etc.) to identify and
access the data contained within those cells in a spreadsheet. It allows users to create formulas and functions
that can manipulate and calculate data based on values in other cells.

2. Define the following cell refences with an example”

a. Absolute refencing
b. Relative referencing
c. Mixed referencing
Ans: - • Relative referencing (e.g., A1) adjusts based on the position of the formula when copied to another
cell.
• Relative referencing (e.g., A1) adjusts based on the position of the formula when copied to another cell.
• Absolute referencing (e.g., $A$1) keeps the reference fixed, regardless of where the formula is copied.
• Mixed referencing (e.g., A$1 or $A1) combines both relative and absolute references, allowing for
flexibility in formulas.

3. Differentiate between Absolute refencing and Relative referencing.

Ans: -

Chapter – 14: INTRODUCTION TO CHARTS

1. Define a chart.
Ans: - A chart is a graphical representation of data that displays information in a visual format, such as bars,
lines, or pie slices. It helps to simplify complex data sets, making it easier to identify trends, patterns, and
comparisons, and is commonly used in spreadsheets to enhance data analysis and presentation.

2. What is the use of inserting charts in a worksheet?

Ans: - In a Calc worksheet, chart helps to provide a better understanding of large quantities of data. Charts
make it easier to draw comparison, see growth and relationship among the values and trends in data. They
provide an accurate analysis of information.

3. Which is the default chart type?

Ans: - Column chart
4. Define the following:
a. Line chart – A line chart is a type of graph that displays data points connected by straight lines to show
trends over time or across categories. It is commonly used to track changes, making it useful for analysing
data that changes continuously.

b. Pie chart- A pie chart is a circular graph divided into slices, where each slice represents a proportion of a
whole. The size of each slice is proportional to the quantity it represents, making it useful for visualizing
percentage distributions among categories.

c. Bar chart – A bar chart is a type of graph that uses rectangular bars to represent data values across different
categories. The length or height of each bar is proportional to the data value it represents, making it useful for
comparing quantities across categories.

5. Why do we need formatting feature in Excel?

Ans: - The formatting feature in Excel is essential for enhancing the presentation and readability of data. It
allows users to apply styles, colours, fonts, and borders, making important information stand out, improving
clarity, and facilitating easier analysis. Proper formatting helps convey data more effectively and ensures that
reports and spreadsheets are visually appealing and professional.

6. What is the benefit of fill handle?

Ans: - The fill handle in Excel is beneficial because it allows users to quickly copy and fill data, formulas, or
sequences into adjacent cells with minimal effort. This feature saves time by automating repetitive tasks, such
as extending a series of numbers or dates, and ensures consistency in calculations, enhancing productivity and
efficiency in data entry and analysis.

7. Describe the different components of a chart.

Ans: - The different components of a chart in a spreadsheet application like Calc include:
1. Chart Title: Displays the name or description of the chart, indicating what the data represents.
2. Axes:
- Horizontal Axis (X-axis): Typically represents categories or time intervals.
- Vertical Axis (Y-axis): Represents the values or quantities associated with the data.
3. Data Series: The actual data points or values plotted in the chart, often represented by bars, lines, or slices,
depending on the chart type.
4. Legend: Identifies different data series in the chart, helping users distinguish between them.
5. Gridlines: Horizontal and vertical lines that help in reading and interpreting the values on the chart.
6. Data Labels: Optional labels that can be added to the data points to display specific values directly on the
chart.