1

Our country, our future

525/1

S6 CHEMISTRY
Exam 10

PAPER 1

DURATION: 2 HOUR 45 MINUTES

For Marking guide contact and consultations: Dr. Bbosa Science 0776 802709,

Instructions
- This paper consists of two sectios A
- This paper consists of two sections A and B
- Section A is compulsory
- Attempt only six questions in section B
- Answers must be written in the spaces provided only.

For Examiner’s Use Only

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

More exams? Browse: digitaltears.co.ug For consultations call: +256 778 633 682
 2

SECTION A

Answer all questions from this section

1. Oxygen diffused through a porous partition in 1.87 minutes. Under similar conditions the same
volume of an alkene T diffused in 2.15 minutes
(a) Determine the formula of T (2 ½ marks)

𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑅𝐹𝑀 𝑜𝑓 𝑇

=√
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑇 𝑅𝐹𝑀 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛
𝑉
1.87⁄ 𝑅𝐹𝑀 𝑜𝑓 𝑇
𝑉 =√
32
2.15
RFM of T = 42
(CnH2n)x = 42
x =3
Molecular formula of alkene = C3H6 or CH3CH=CH2

(b) Write equation and outline the mechanism for the reaction between T and benzene.

Indicate the condition (s) for the reaction (3marks)

+ CH3CH=CH2 H+ CH(CH3)2

CH3CH=CH2 + H+ → +CH(CH3)2 H
+
+
CH(CH3)2 CH(CH3)2 CH(CH3)2

2. (a) define the term heat of reaction (1mark)

Enthalpy of reaction is enthalpy change when 1 mole of a compound is formed from its reactants

at 298K and 1 atmosphere

More exams? Browse: digitaltears.co.ug For consultations call: +256 778 633 682
 3

(c) Calculate the standard enthalpy of hydrogenation of ethene from the data

(i) C2H6(g) + 3 ½ O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) ∆H= -1550kJmol-1

(ii) C2H4(g) + 3 O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ∆H= -1390kJmol-1

(iii) H2(g) + ½ O2(g) H2O(l) ∆H= -285.8kJmol-1 (4marks)

CH2=CH2 + H2 + 3 ½ O2 X CH3CH3 + 3 ½ O2

-1390 -285.8 -1550

2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)

-1390 + -285.8 = X – 1550

X = 125.2kJmol-1

3. (a) Aluminium and phosphorus both form compounds in which the oxidation state of the

element is +3

(a) Briefly explain in terms of electron structure why aluminium conducts electricity but the

common allotropes of phosphorus do not.

The valence electrons of aluminium are delocalized and free to move in the metallic structure

while the valence electron do not move

(b) Write equation for the reaction of each of these elements with sodium hydroxide (3mark)

2Al(s) + 2OH-(aq) + 6H2O(l) → 2Al(OH)4- (aq) + 3H2(g)

P4(s) + 3OH-(aq) + 3H2O (l) → PH3 (g) + 3H2PO2- (aq)

4. Name one reagent that can be used to distinguish between each of the following pairs of

compounds and state what would be observed in each case if the reagent is reacted with the

compounds;

(a) CH3CH2NH2 and (CH3CH2)2NH (3marks)

More exams? Browse: digitaltears.co.ug For consultations call: +256 778 633 682
 4

Reagent: sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid, <50C

Observation:

CH3CH2NH2 effervescence

(CH3CH2)2NH yellow oily solid

(b) COCH2CH3 CH2COCH3

and

Reagent: iodine in sodium hydroxide solution

Observation:

COCH2CH3 no observable change

CH2COCH3 yellow precipitate

5. (a) Explain the order of increasing basicity for the following compounds. (2marks)

C6H5NH2 NH3 CH3NH2

Methyl group on CH3NH2 donate electrons to nitrogen atom; this increases the electron density

of the lone pair of electron that attract hydrogen atom and releases OH- ions easily. This make

methyl amine a stronger base than ammonia

The phenyl group withdraw electrons to nitrogen atom; this reduces the electron density of the

lone pair of electron that make it difficult to attract hydrogen atom from water and make it

difficult to releases OH- ions easily. This makes phenylamine a weaker base than ammonia.

More exams? Browse: digitaltears.co.ug For consultations call: +256 778 633 682
 5

(b) When one mole of methylamine is dissolved in water, the hydrogen ion concentration is

found to be 2.5 x 10-10 moldm-3.

(i) Write an equation for the reaction between water and methylamine (1 mark)

CH3NH2 (aq) + H2O(l) → CH3NH3+(aq) + OH-(aq)

(ii) Calculate the base dissociation constant, Kb, for methylamine. (2 ½ marks)

10−14 10−14
[OH-] = = = 4x10-5
[𝐻 + ] [2.5 x 10−10

2
[𝐶𝐻3 𝑁𝐻3+ ][𝑂𝐻 − ] [4.5 𝑋 10−5 ]
Kb = [𝐶𝐻3 𝑁𝐻2 ]
= 1.9 X10-9moldm-3
1

6. The convention of a cell is given below.

Pt/Fe2+(aq),Fe3+(aq) //MnO4-(aq),Mn2+(aq),H+(aq)/Pt

(a) Write equation for the half-cell reaction at:-

(i) Anode (1mark)

Fe2+(aq) – e →Fe3+(aq)

(ii) Cathode (1mark)

MnO4-(aq) + 5e + 8H+(aq) →Mn2+(aq)+ 4H2O(l)

(b) Write the overall equation for the cell reaction. (1 ½ marks)

MnO4-(aq) + 5Fe2+(aq) + 8H+(aq) →Mn2+(aq)+ 4H2O(l) +5Fe3+(aq)

(c) The electrode potentials for the system Fe2+(aq)/Fe3+(aq) and Mn2+(aq)/MnO4-(aq) are +0.76V

and 1.51V respectively. Deduce whether the reaction in (b) is feasible or not and give a reason

for your answer. (2marks)

Ecell = ERHE - ELHE = 1.51 – 0.76 = 0.75V

More exams? Browse: digitaltears.co.ug For consultations call: +256 778 633 682
 6

7. (a)Define the term boiling point elevation constant of a substance. (1mark)

This is the boiling point elevation caused by 1 mole of a substance in 1000g of solvent

(b) The boiling point of benzene under certain pressure condition is 80.00C. Calculate the boiling

point elevation constant of benzene, if a solution containing 5g of 2, 4 6-trinitrophenol,

(HOC6H2(NO2)3 in 100g of benzene, boils at 80.5680C. (4marks)

Boiling point elevation 80.586 – 80.0 = 0.5860C

Mass of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol in 1000g of benzene

100g of benzene contain 5g

1000 𝑥 5
1000g of benzene contain = 50𝑔
100

Formula mass of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (HOC6H2(NO2)3 = 229

Boiling point constant, Kb

50 g of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol cause 0.5860C

229g of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol cause Kb

229 𝑥 .586
Kb = = 2.70C
50

8. 2.00g of phosphorus pentachloride allowed to reach equilibrium at 2000C in a vessel of 1dm3

capacity. If the equilibrium constant of the reaction PCl5 (g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) is

0.008moldm-3 at this temperature and in the conditions stated; calculate the percentage

dissociation of phosphorus pentachloride at equilibrium. (4marks)

More exams? Browse: digitaltears.co.ug For consultations call: +256 778 633 682
 7

Formula mass of PCl5 be 31 + 35.5 x 5 = 208

2
Mole of PCl5 = =0.1moles
208

Let the moles that dissociated be x

Moles of PCl3 = moles of Cl2 = x

Moles of PCl5 at equilibrium = 1- x

𝑥2
Kc = = 0.008
(0.1−𝑥)

x =0.025moledm-3

0.025 𝑥 100
Calculate % dissociation = = 25%
0.1

9. The first ionization energies of some group II metals of the periodic table and the melting points

of their chlorides are given below.

Mg Ca Sr Ba

First ionization energy /kJmol-1 738 590 549 505

Melting point of chlorides (0C) 708 772 873 967

Explain

(i) Why ionization energy decreases with increase in atomic number. (2marks)

Ionization energy decrease due to decrease in effective nuclear charge. As atomic number

increase, the atomic size increase, the distance between the nucleus and outer electrons

increase reducing electronegativity.

(ii) Why the melting points of the chlorides of these metals increase with increase in atomic

number of the metal. (2marks)

This increases due to increase in the strength of ionic bonds

More exams? Browse: digitaltears.co.ug For consultations call: +256 778 633 682
 8

SECTION B (54 MARKS)

(Attempt any six questions from this section)

10. (a) (i) Define the term “molar conductivity at infinite dilution, Λ0. (1mark)
This is the conductivity of 1 mole of electrolyte when the solution is very dilute that the ions
experience no interaction from other ions.
(ii) State how you would expect the molar conductivity of sodium chloride solution to vary as
the dilution of the solution is increased. Give a reason for your answer (2marks)

Molar conductivity of sodium chloride increases linearly with dilution up to the maximum
value of molar conductivity at infinity dilution since sodium chloride is a strong electrolyte

(c) The values of Λ0 at 250C for some electrolytes are as follows

Electrolyte Λ0/Sm2mol-1
HCOONa 104.7
NaCl 126.5
HCl 426.2
(i) Calculate Λ0 at 250C for methanoic acid, HCOOH. (2marks)
Λ0 HCOOH. = Λ0 HCOONa + Λ0HC - Λ0 NaCl
426.2 + 104.7 – 126.5 = 404.4
(ii) If the value of molar conductivity, Λ, for 0.01M methanoic acid is 50.5Sm2mol-1 at 250C.
Calculate the acid dissociation constant, Ka, for methanoic acid. (4marks)
50.5
Degree of ionization, α = = 0.125
404.4

Ka = cα2 = 0.1252 x 0.01 = 1.56 x 10-4moldm-3

11. (a) (i) Explain the term solubility product. (1mark)

Is a product of molar concentration of ions of a sparingly soluble salt raised to their
stoichiometric ratios.

(ii) Write an expression for the solubility product of silver chloride in water (1mark)

Ks = [Ag+][Cl-]

More exams? Browse: digitaltears.co.ug For consultations call: +256 778 633 682
 9

(b) Ionic conductivity of silver ions and chloride ions at infinite dilution are 6.2 x 10 -2 and 7.6 x
10-2 Sm2mol-1 respectively at 298K. The electrolytic conductivity of silver chloride at 298K is
1.22 x 10-2Sm2mol-1.
(i) Calculate the solubility in moldm-3 of silver chloride at 298K (3 ½ marks)
Λ0AgCl = λ0Ag+(aq) + λ0Cl-
= 6.2 x 10 -2 +7.6 x 10-2
0.138 Sm2mol-1
𝑲
Λ0AgCl =
𝑺
𝟏.𝟐𝟐 𝒙 𝟏𝟎−𝟐
Solubility = 0.0884 molm3 =0.0000884moldm-3
𝟎.𝟏𝟑𝟖

(ii) Calculate the solubility product, Ksp, of silver chloride at 298K (1 ½ marks)

Ks = [Ag+][Cl-] = 0.00008842 =7.8 x 10-9mol2dm-6

(c) State the effect of the following actions on the solubility of silver chloride. Explain your
answers.
(i) Addition of aqueous ammonia (1mark)

Solubility increases because ammonia form a soluble complex with silver ions shifting
solubility equilibrium to the right

(ii) Addition of potassium chromate (VI) solution. (1mark)

Solubility of silver chloride increases because chromate ion form insoluble precipitate with
silver ions shifting equilibrium to the right.

More exams? Browse: digitaltears.co.ug For consultations call: +256 778 633 682
 10

12. Write equations to show how the following compounds can be synthesized.
(a) COCH3 Cl (3½ marks)

from

Cl NaOH, heat ONa H+(aq) OH Zn, dust, heat

CH3COCl, AlCl3

COCH3

(b) (CH3)3COH from (CH3)2CHOH (2½ marks)

(CH3)2CHOH PCl5 (CH3)2CCl KCN (CH3)2CCN H+(aq) (CH3)2COOH LiALH4, (CH3)3CHOH

dry ether
(c) CH3CH2CH=CH2 from ethyne (3marks)

HC≡CH Na, Liq. NH3 HC≡CNa CH3CH2Cl CH3CH2C≡H dry ether, LiAlH4 CH3CH2CH=CH2

13. (a) Explain each of the following observations:

(i) Chromium (III) sulphate dissolves in water to form a solution whose pH is less than
seven. (2 ½ marks)

Chromium (III) ions hydrolyze in water to form hydrogen ions

Cr3+(aq) + 3H2O(l) → Cr(OH)3(s) + 3H+(aq)

(ii) Lead does not form lead (IV) bromide. (2marks)

Probably bromine is not a strong oxidizing agent to oxidize lead (II) ions to lead (IV) ions

More exams? Browse: digitaltears.co.ug For consultations call: +256 778 633 682
 11

(b) To a dilute solution of chromium (III) sulphate was added dilute sodium hydroxide drop wise
until in excess followed by 3 drops of hydrogen peroxide and mixture warmed.
State what was observed and use equations to explain the observations. (4 ½ marks)

A green precipitate of chromium (III) oxide reacts with excess OH- ions to form a green
solution of soluble complex which is oxidized to yellow solution of chromium (VI)

Cr3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) → Cr(OH)3(s)

Cr(OH)3(s) + OH-(aq) → Cr(OH)4- (aq)

2Cr(OH)4-(aq)+ 3H2O2(aq) + 2OH-(aq) → 2CrO42- (aq) + 8H2O(l)

14. Complete the following equations and in each case write a mechanism for the reaction.
(a) O
H+
+ NH2OH
NOH (3marks)

O OH+ O- proton shift OH

:NH2OH NH2OH :NHOH

+
-H2O

NOH

NaOH
(b) (CH3)3CBr (CH3)2C=CH2 (3marks)
C2H5OH, Heat

CH3CH2OH + OH- CH3CH2O- + H2O

H
+
(CH3)3CBr H C C (CH3)2 H2C C(CH3)2

:OCH2CH3

More exams? Browse: digitaltears.co.ug For consultations call: +256 778 633 682
 12

H2O
(c) CH3CH CH2 +CocH2SO4 CH3CHCH3 (3marks)
warm
OH

H H

CH3CH CH2 CH3C CH3 CH3C CH3 CH3CHCH3

+
H+ :OH2 +OH2 OH

15. Vegetable oils have great economic and social importance

(a)(i) Explain what is meant by the term vegetable oils (1mark)

Oil obtained from plant seeds

(ii) Name two main sources of vegetable oils. (1mark)

Sun flower seeds

Cotton seed

Castor oil seed

(iii) Describe briefly how vegetable oil can be obtained on a large scale from one of the
sources you have named in (a)(i) above. (technical details are not required) (2marks)

Seeds are crashed and oil obtained by solvent extraction.

(b) (i) State the name given to the reaction leading to the formation of soap from oil. (1mark)

Saponification

(ii) Write a general equation for the formation of soap from oil. (1mark)
(iii) CH2OCOR RCOO- CH2OH

CHOCOR’ + 3OH- (aq) R’COO- Soap + CHOH Glycerol

CH2COR’’ R’’COO- CH2OH

More exams? Browse: digitaltears.co.ug For consultations call: +256 778 633 682
 13

(iv) Outline how soap is manufactured, (technical details not required). (3marks)
Vegetable oil is boiled with sodium hydroxide for some time, concentrated sodium
chloride solution is added to precipitate soap. On cooling soap is skimmed off the
mixture.
16. State what would be observed and write the equation for the reaction that would take place
when:
(a) Hydrogen sulphide gas is passed through an acidified solution of potassium dichromate (VI).

Observation (2 ½ mark)

Orange solution turns green with formation of yellow solid

Equation:

Cr2O72- + 3H2S(g) + 8H+(aq) → 2Cr3+(aq) + 3S(s) + 7H2O(l)

(b) 2,3 drops of ammoniacal copper (I) chloride is added to phenylethyne. (2marks)
Observation
Red precipitate
Equation:

C≡CH Cu2+ /NH3(aq) C≡CCu

(c) Neutral iron (III) chloride solution is added to 1 cm3 of propanoic acid (2marks)

Observation

Red solution

Equation:

3CH3CH2COO- + Fe3+ (aq) → (CH3CH2COO)3Fe

More exams? Browse: digitaltears.co.ug For consultations call: +256 778 633 682
 14

(d) A spatula end ful of sodium hydrogen carbonate is added to iron (III) chloride solution
(2 ½ marks)
Observation

Effervescence and brown precipitate

Equation:

2Fe3+(aq) + 3CO32- + 3H2O(l) → 2Fe(OH)3(s) + 3CO2(g)

17. (a) Fluorine is the first member of the halogen group of elements in the periodic table and it
shows anomalous behavior among the halogens.
(i) State three major differences between fluorine and other halogens. (2½ marks)

Reacts with water to liberate oxygen

Reacts with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution to liberate oxygen

Reacts with carbon, SiO2

(ii) Give three causes for the anomalous behavior of fluorine. (3mmarks)

Has small atomic radius

Has high electronegativity

Has very low F-F bond energy

Forms strong bonds with other elements

(c) The acid dissociation constants Ka for the hydrides of elements of group (VII) elements are
given in the table below:

More exams? Browse: digitaltears.co.ug For consultations call: +256 778 633 682
 15

Hydride HF HCl HBr HI

Ka (moldm-3) 5.6 x 10-11 1 x 10-9 1 x 10-7 1 x 10-4

State and explain the trend in variation of acid strength of the hydrides (4marks)

Acid strength decrease from HI>HBr>HCl>HF due to increase in H-X bond strength HI<HBr<HCl<HF

More exams? Browse: digitaltears.co.ug For consultations call: +256 778 633 682
 16

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1.0 1.0 4.0

H H He

1 1 2

6.9 9.0 10.8 12.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 20.2

Li Be B C N O F Ne

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

23.0 24.3 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.1 35.4 40.0

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39.1 40.1 45.0 47.9 50.9 52.0 54.9 55.8 58.9 58.7 63.5 65.7 69.7 72.6 74.9 79.0 79.9 83.8

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

85.5 87.6 88.9 91.2 92.9 95.9 98.9 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 207 207 209 209 210 222

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Ti Pb Bi Po At Rn

55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

223 226 227

Fr Ra Ac

87 88 89

139 140 141 144 147 150 152 157 159 162 165 167 169 173 175

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

227 232 231 238 237 244 243 247 247 251 254 257 256 254 260

AC Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lw

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

***0000***

More exams? Browse: digitaltears.co.ug For consultations call: +256 778 633 682