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    Food Additive

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    eikocarol
    This document summarizes different types of food additives and medicines. It discusses natural and synthetic substances that are added to food to prevent spoilage or improve appearance, taste, and texture. Common food additives include preservatives like sodium nitrite and sodium benzoate, antioxidants, flavorings, stabilizers, thickeners, and dyes. Some potential disadvantages of food additives are that they have been linked to cancer, allergies, hyperactivity, and other issues. The document also discusses traditional medicines derived from plants and animals, as well as modern medicines made in laboratories including analgesics, antibiotics, and psychotherapeutic drugs. Common side effects of various modern medicines are outlined.

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    Food Additive

    Uploaded by

    eikocarol
    123 views5 pages
    This document summarizes different types of food additives and medicines. It discusses natural and synthetic substances that are added to food to prevent spoilage or improve appearance, taste, and texture. Common food additives include preservatives like sodium nitrite and sodium benzoate, antioxidants, flavorings, stabilizers, thickeners, and dyes. Some potential disadvantages of food additives are that they have been linked to cancer, allergies, hyperactivity, and other issues. The document also discusses traditional medicines derived from plants and animals, as well as modern medicines made in laboratories including analgesics, antibiotics, and psychotherapeutic drugs. Common side effects of various modern medicines are outlined.

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    This document summarizes different types of food additives and medicines. It discusses natural and synthetic substances that are added to food to prevent spoilage or improve appearance, taste, and texture. Common food additives include preservatives like sodium nitrite and sodium benzoate, antioxidants, flavorings, stabilizers, thickeners, and dyes. Some potential disadvantages of food additives are that they have been linked to cancer, allergies, hyperactivity, and other issues. The document also discusses traditional medicines derived from plants and animals, as well as modern medicines made in laboratories including analgesics, antibiotics, and psychotherapeutic drugs. Common side effects of various modern medicines are outlined.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    123 views5 pages

    Food Additive

    Uploaded by

    eikocarol
    This document summarizes different types of food additives and medicines. It discusses natural and synthetic substances that are added to food to prevent spoilage or improve appearance, taste, and texture. Common food additives include preservatives like sodium nitrite and sodium benzoate, antioxidants, flavorings, stabilizers, thickeners, and dyes. Some potential disadvantages of food additives are that they have been linked to cancer, allergies, hyperactivity, and other issues. The document also discusses traditional medicines derived from plants and animals, as well as modern medicines made in laboratories including analgesics, antibiotics, and psychotherapeutic drugs. Common side effects of various modern medicines are outlined.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Food Additive 1.

    Natural or synthetic substance which is added to food to prevent spoilage or to improve its appearance, taste and texture. Type of food additive 1. To slow down or prevent the growth of the microorganism so that the food can kept longer. 2. Sodium nitrite meat, Sodium Benzoate soft drink, Salt and sugar (draws the water out of the cells of microorganism), Vinegar (acidic) inhibit the growth of microorganism. Antioxidants 1. To prevent oxidation that causes rancid of fats / oil and brown fruit (rancid oxidized to unpleasant smelling). 2. For example, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluence (BHT), alfa tocopheral ( vit E), sodium citrate. Flavourings 1. Improve the taste of food and restore taste loss due to processing. 2. For example, sugar, salt and vinegar, Monosodium glutamate (MSG), Aspartame ( 1-methyl-Naspartilphenilamina) is non-sugar sweetener, ester ( ethyl butanoate pineapple). Stabilisers 1. Prevent an emulsion from separating out ( for food containing oil and water). 2. For example: Lecithin, mono-glycerides, di-glycerides. Thickeners (thicken food) 1. Used to thicken the food. 2. Example: Gelatin- yogurt, Acacia gum jelly, wine, chewing gum, Pectin jam, Modified starch instant soup. Dyes 1. To add or restore the colour in a food in order to enhance its visual appearance and to match consumers expectations (increase the quality). 2. Example: Azo compound red, brown, yellow. Triphenyl compound green, blue, purple, Tartrazine orange, Brilliant blue (FCF), sunset yellow.

    Disadvantages of food additive 1. Cancer sodium nitrite 2. Allergic sodium benzoate

    3. Hyperactive Tartrazine 4. Cancer, migraine, allergy sunset yellow 5. Difficulties in breathing, headache, vomiting MSG

    Medicine Traditional medicine 1. Derived from plants or animals that are obtained without the involvement of chemical reaction. 2. Examples: a. Garlic treats colds and asthma, reduces infection and hypertension. b. Ginseng to strengthen body, roots maintain good health. c. Ginger rhizomes are used to treat stomach wind, reduce inflammation and improve blood circulation. d. Tongkat Ali lessen stomach pain, increase the male libido (emotional energy). e. Aloe Vera to treat itchy skin, used to relieve pain from burns. f. Quinine Extracted from Cinchona plant, treat malaria.

    g. Ant Treat Hepatities B. h. Centipede To treat lockjaw and convulsions. i. j. Sea cucumber Treat hole in the heart, helps wound heal more quickly. Reduces scarring. Hibiscus leaves relieve headache and hair loss.

    Modern Medicine 1. Are made by scientists in laboratories and are based on substances found in nature. 2. Type of modern medicine: Analgesics, antibiotics, psychotherapeutic medicine.

    A. Analgesics 1. Are medicines used to relieve pain without causing numbness (loss of feeling) or effecting consciousness. 2. Example: Aspirin, paracetamol, codeine.

    (i) Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)

    Uses: Reduce fever, lessen aches and pains, reduce inflammation arthritis pain. Side effects: Stomach bleeding, kidney damage, hearing defects

    (ii) Paracetamol Uses : Reduces fever, reduces headache, muscle and joint pain, backache.

    Side effects: Overdose will cause liver and kidney failure.

    (iii) Codeine Uses : Are used in headache tablets and in cough medicine.

    Side effects: itching, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dry mouth, urinary retention and constipation.

    B. Antibiotics 1. To kill or slow down the growth of infection bacteria. 2. Example: Penicillin, Streptomycin.

    (i) Penicillin Extracted from Penicillin notatum Uses Side effects : Cure tuberculosis, cure pneumonia : diarrhea, nausea, rash, super infection

    (ii) Streptomycin Produced from soil bacteria (streptomycin griseous) Uses : To cure tuberculosis, to treat whooping cough, to treat pneumonia

    Side effects

    : Headache, allergic

    C. Psychotherapeutic medicines Function: Control symptoms of mental illness To control abnormal thinking, feeling or behaviors Example: stimulants, antidepressants, antipsychotics

    (i) Stimulant: Substances that act on the brain to increase the reaction of nervous system. Uses : To reduce fatigue (very tired) and elevate mood. Example: amphetamine, dextroamphetamine. : anxiety, other mental and physical problems.

    Side effects

    (ii) Antidepressant Uses : To reduce tension and anxiety

    a. Tranquilizers Side effects : Drowsiness, light headache. Respiratory difficulties, coma, death

    b. Barbiturates (sleeping pill) Side effects : addiction, death

    (iii) Antipsychotic Uses Side effects : Drug to treat psychiatric illness : Drowsiness, rapid heartbeat, dizziness

    The side effects of modern medicine a. Stomach ulcers and bleeding aspirin

    b. Gain weight/ headache antipsychotic c. Insomnia amphetamine d. Death barbiturate e. Coma, allergic penicillin

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