LECTURE - 02

Part Contents Page

01 PRE-TASK 03

02 GRAMMAR 04

03 READING 08

04 COMMON MISTAKES 10

05 WRITING 11
 Part-I: Pre-task

One day the doctor asked the doctor's assistant for the doctor's calendar. Then the doctor
checked the doctor's calendar to see what appointments the doctor had that day. Then the
doctor returned the doctor's calendar to the doctor's assistant for the doctor's assistant to
use to schedule the doctor's patients' appointments.

That does not sound like we normally speak. We use pronouns to replace nouns to avoid
unnecessary repetition.

One day the doctor asked her assistant, Reza, to hand her the appointment calendar. Then
she checked it to see how many appointments she had that day. After that, she returned the
calendar to Reza and asked him to use it to schedule her other patients' appointments.

That sounds a lot better.

Copyright © MENTRS’ FGW Lecture-2 www.mentors.com.bd | Page-3

 Part-II: Grammar
Can you remember the pronoun? The prefix pro means for or in place of. Pronouns stand in for
nouns or replace them.

Personal Pronoun – A short word that we use as a substitute for the proper name of a person. The
personal pronouns show us the person, number and gender.
Indefinite Pronoun - A pronoun that doesn’t refer to any person, thing, or amount in particular. E.g.
Something, somebody, nobody, nothing.

You can replace Shuvo with the pronoun he.

You can replace Shupti with the pronoun she.

You can replace Shuvo and Shupti with the pronoun they.

Pronouns can be . . .

… the object of the sentence

… the subject of the sentence
me, you, him, her, us,
I, you, he, she, we, it, it, them
they
Did you ask him about the movie?
He slept during the movie. I called her.

According to the case, we have three types of pronouns: subject, object, and possessive.

❑ A subject pronoun replaces the subject of a sentence.

Rahim called home. He was very worried.

❑ An object pronoun replaces the object of a verb or a preposition.

His wife called Rahim. She asked him what the problem was.
object pronoun (object of a verb)
She and Rahim looked for it. object pronoun (object of a preposition)
❑ A possessive pronoun replaces a possessive noun.
Rahim needed Karim’s number. He called Salam to get his number.

Copyright © MENTRS’ FGW Lecture-2 www.mentors.com.bd | Page-4

Exercise 2.1: Find and underline the personal pronouns in the following sentences.

1. When Jerry visited his mother, he found that her door was unlocked.

2. The zebra in the tall grass is hidden from its predators by its stripes.

3. I am glad you were not hurt when your bicycle crashed into your neighbor's fence.

4. Sandi's shoes are in her closet in her room beside the dresses she wears with them.

5. The lawyer and his assistant carefully interviewed all their witnesses before they spoke to the
judge.

Classification of Pronoun:

Pronouns Subject Object Possessive

Number Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural

1st person I we me us my, mine our, ours

2nd person You you you you your, your, yours

yours

3rd person he, she, it they him, her, it them his, her, their, theirs
hers, its

Subject pronouns are used as the subjects of sentences.

Hint: ____ won the game. I won the game ... You won the game ... He won the game ... She won
the game ... It won the game ... We won the game ... They won the game.

Object Pronouns (also called objective pronouns) are used as direct objects, indirect objects, or
objects of prepositions.

Hint: Rahim defeated ____. Rahim defeated me… Rahim defeated you… Rahim defeated him…
Rahim defeated her… Rahim defeated it… Rahim defeated us… Rahim defeated them.

Pronouns can also be possessive. Possessives show ownerships or relationships.

My, your, his, her, its, our, your, and their are usually classified as possessive pronouns, but they
are more accurately possessive adjectives. They always modify a noun. (My pencil instead of the
pencil is mine.)

Copyright © MENTRS’ FGW Lecture-2 www.mentors.com.bd | Page-5

Possessives are of two kinds: possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives.
Possessive adjectives go before nouns. Possessive pronouns are used alone.

Used alone mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs

This pen is mine/his/hers/yours.

Used before a noun my, your, his, her, its, their, our

(Possessive adjectives) This is my/his/her/your pen.

It is her diamond ring. The diamond ring is hers. It is their tea garden. The tea garden is theirs.
This book is my book, not your book. (Sounds repetitive)
This book is mine, not yours. (Mine and yours are possessive pronouns)
Note that there are no apostrophes in the possessives. They are born showing ownership, so they
do not need 's added to them to show ownership. It's is the contraction for it is.

Exercise 2.2: Choose the pronoun that correctly completes each sentence.
1. _________went to the dance last Friday.
She, Her, Hers

2. When James found his book, _________ was very happy.

he, him, his

3. The waitress brought the dessert to _________ .

we, us
4. Sally and her friend brought _________ empty bags to the recycling center.
they, them, their
5. If your friend has a comment, _________ should fill out a form.
she, her, hers

6. The driver of the truck lost _________ keys.

he, him, his

7. The receptionist in the office gave an appointment slip to _________.

I, me, my

Copyright © MENTRS’ FGW Lecture-2 www.mentors.com.bd | Page-6

After than or as
When sentences use than or as to compare, it can be difficult to choose the correct pronoun.
Touqir plays tennis better than I.
Faruk uncle loves my little brothers more than me.
Hint: Ask yourself what is missing in the sentence. That will guide you in choosing the correct
pronoun.
Touqir plays tennis better than I (play).
Faruk uncle loves my little brothers more than (Faruk uncle loves) me.
Shafiq is as smart as she/her.
— If we mentally complete the sentence, we would say Sonali is as smart as she is.
Therefore, she is the correct answer.

She likes him as much as (she likes) me.

Exercise 2.3:
1. Carlos can run much faster than _____ (can).
I, me

2. My father loves baseball as much as _____ (do).

I, me

3. That old blanket is more important to my sister than (it is to) _____.
I, me

4. When we go to that restaurant, my father eats more than _____ (do).

I, me

5. Joey has not eaten as much pizza as _____ (have).

I, me
6. All my friends are better at sports than _____ (am).
I, me

7. Sonia is as interested in ice skating as _____ (am).

I, me

Copyright © MENTRS’ FGW Lecture-2 www.mentors.com.bd | Page-7

 Part-III: Reading
Dear Sarika,
I hope you are well. Guess what! I am having a big party next week at my house, and I am inviting
all my close friends. The theme of the party is going to be Harry Potter, so all must dress accordingly.
You would make a great witch! I need to let everyone know by Wednesday since I am throwing the
party next Saturday. Sami is going to decorate the house, and my mother is going to bake a cake
and make lots of food. There is going to be music and dancing as well. Meraz is going to be the DJ.
You can stay over at my house. It’s going to be great! I hope to see you then.

Love,
Sarah

Exercise 2.4:

1. What kind of an organization is it?

A) It is a slumber party B) It is a costume party
C) It is about making cake D) It is a dance party

2. When is the party?

A) It is a fancy-dress party B) On Wednesday
C) It is next Saturday D) There is going to be music and dancing

3. Whose party is it?

A) It is Sarah’s party B) It is Sami’s party
C) It is Sarah’s mother’s party D) It is Harry Potter’s party

Ruhi : Hi Kibria. Are you free tonight?

Kibria: I think so. Why?
Ruhi: Because there is a new science-fiction movie at the theater. Would you like to see it?
Kibria: No, thanks. I do not like science-fiction.
Ruhi: Oh... What about a comedy then? There’s one starring Adam Sandler.
Kibria: I do not know. I don’t really like his movies.
Ruhi: What about a pop concert then?
Kibria: Well, I am not into pop music.
Ruhi: Oh, I understand now, it’s Thursday today and your favorite sitcom is on TV!
Kibria: You know me very well RUHI... You are welcome to watch it with me.
Ruhi: That’s a great idea! Let’s meet at your place at 7:30 then!

Copyright © MENTRS’ FGW Lecture-2 www.mentors.com.bd | Page-8

Exercise 2.5:
4. Kibria doesn’t want to go to the movie theater with Ruhi, because ----.
A) he wants to be alone B) he wants go to a soccer match
C) he doesn’t like thrillers D) he doesn't want to miss his favorite TV show

5. Kibria's initial excuse not to go to the pop concert is that ----.

A) his favorite sitcom is on tonight B) he is very busy tonight
C) he is fond of classical music D) he is not interested in pop music

6. They are going to watch ----.

A) a thriller B) Kibria’s favorite sitcom
C) Adam Sandler's comedy movie D) a pop music show on TV

Reading Fill in:

My Family

My name is Rifat. I (1) ---- sixteen years old. I do not (2) ---- a large family. I live with my parents and
(3) ---- brother. I also have a puppy dog. (4) ---- name is Tommy. My mom is a teacher. She (5) ----
at a high school. She teaches English. My dad is an engineer. He works for a big company. He can
drive or (6) ---- his bike to work. I have a brother. (7) ---- name is Ryhan. He is ten years old. He (8)
---- to primary school. He (9) ---- basketball and tennis. (10) ---- love my family!

Exercise 2.6:
*Put a tick ( √ ) beside the correct answer:

1. is are am do
2. have work has live
3. her my I he
4. Its It His He
5. work works go is
6. jump read run ride
7. her they his he
8. Lives speaks buys goes
9. Works drinks eats plays
10. Me my I your

Copyright © MENTRS’ FGW Lecture-2 www.mentors.com.bd | Page-9

 Part IV: Common Mistakes

Its vs. It's

■ "Its" is the possessive of the pronoun "it." Note that there is no apostrophe. Example: Its
appearance was misleading.

■ "It's" is a contraction meaning "it is." Example: It's a long way to Tipperary.

■ "It's" can also be a contraction meaning "it has." Example: It's been a long day.

Exercise 2.7:

1. (Its) (It's) a long way home.

2. Will the school suspend (its) (it's) students?

3. The business will rely on (its) (it's) own resources.

4. The airplane started (its) (it's) engines.

Copyright © MENTRS’ FGW Lecture-2 www.mentors.com.bd | Page-10

 Part V: Writing
Write sentences with various kinds of pronouns:

Subject Pronoun: I, we, you, he, she, it, they

01. He is my uncle.
02. It is my favorite city.
03.

04.

05.

06.

Object Pronoun: me, you, him, her, us, it, them

01. This pen belongs to me.

02. I called him to inform about the exam.
03.

04.

05.

06.

Possessive adjectives: my, his, her, our, their, its

01. This is our class.

02. Mr. Salam is his uncle.
03.

04.

05.

06.

Copyright © MENTRS’ FGW Lecture-2 www.mentors.com.bd | Page-11

Possessive pronouns: mine, his, hers, ours, theirs

01. This class is ours.

02. This pen is his.
03.

04.

05.

06.

Copyright © MENTRS’ FGW Lecture-2 www.mentors.com.bd | Page-12