🚀 Top 100 DevOps Interview

Questions for 2025

Here’s a comprehensive list of 100 DevOps interview questions categorized by key areas to
help students and professionals ace their interviews. This list not only serves as a study guide
but also gives insights into what to expect in 2025.

🌟 Foundational DevOps Questions (1-15)

1. What is DevOps, and how is it different from Agile?
2. Can you explain the DevOps lifecycle?
3. What are the core benefits of DevOps?
4. Define continuous integration and continuous delivery.
5. What is "shift-left testing" in DevOps?
6. How does DevOps improve collaboration between teams?
7. Explain the concept of immutable infrastructure.
8. What are some common challenges in DevOps adoption?
9. How do you define success in a DevOps environment?
10. What is the purpose of a deployment pipeline?
11. What is version control, and why is it important?
12. How do DevOps practices differ for monolithic vs. microservices architectures?
13. What is infrastructure as code (IaC), and why is it significant in DevOps?
14. How do you ensure security in a DevOps workflow?
15. What are some popular DevOps tools, and how do they integrate?

🤖 CI/CD Pipelines (16-30)

1. What is the role of a CI/CD pipeline in software delivery?
2. Explain the differences between Jenkins, GitHub Actions, and GitLab CI/CD.
3. How do you handle a failed CI/CD build?
4. What is Blue-Green Deployment?
5. What are Canary Deployments, and how are they implemented?
6. How do you ensure secure deployments in CI/CD pipelines?
7. What is a pipeline as code?
8. What challenges might you face while automating pipelines for microservices?
9. How do you optimize CI/CD pipelines for speed?
10. What role does Git play in a CI/CD workflow?
11. Explain artifact repositories and their importance.
12. How do you handle rollbacks during continuous delivery?
13. What is the difference between a pull-based and push-based pipeline?
14. How do you test infrastructure changes in a CI/CD pipeline?
15. What metrics would you monitor in a CI/CD pipeline?

🐳 Docker & Kubernetes (31-50)

1. What are the key differences between containers and virtual machines?
2. How do you write an optimized Dockerfile?
3. What are Docker volumes, and why are they necessary?
4. Explain the process of container orchestration.
5. What is Kubernetes, and why is it important in DevOps?
6. What is the difference between Pods, Nodes, and Clusters in Kubernetes?
7. How do you scale applications in Kubernetes?
8. What are ConfigMaps and Secrets in Kubernetes?
9. How do you manage stateful applications in Kubernetes?
10. What is Helm, and why is it used?
11. How do you troubleshoot a Kubernetes cluster?
12. What is the purpose of Kubernetes namespaces?
13. How do you handle network policies in Kubernetes?
14. What is the difference between StatefulSets and Deployments?
15. Explain the concept of a Service Mesh.
16. What are Kubernetes Operators, and why are they used?
17. What is Docker Swarm, and how does it compare to Kubernetes?
18. What is the role of etcd in Kubernetes?
19. How do you secure container images?
20. What are some common Kubernetes security vulnerabilities?

🌐 Infrastructure as Code (IaC) (51-70)

1. What is Terraform, and how does it simplify multi-cloud deployments?
2. How do you manage Terraform state files securely?
3. What is the difference between declarative and imperative IaC?
4. Explain the role of Ansible in infrastructure automation.
5. How do you manage secrets in an IaC workflow?
6. What are the benefits of using Terraform modules?
7. How do you ensure compliance with IaC best practices?
8. What is the difference between CloudFormation and Terraform?
9. What is drift detection in IaC?
10. How do you test IaC scripts?
11. What is the role of Packer in DevOps?
12. How does IaC contribute to disaster recovery?
13. What is Pulumi, and how does it differ from Terraform?
14. How do you handle configuration management at scale?
15. What is the difference between Chef, Puppet, and Ansible?
16. What is infrastructure immutability?
17. How do you automate IaC workflows?
18. How do you version-control IaC files?
19. What are some risks associated with IaC, and how do you mitigate them?
20. What are cloud-init scripts, and when would you use them?

🔍 Monitoring and Logging (71-85)

1. What is the role of monitoring in DevOps?
2. How do you use Prometheus for application monitoring?
3. Explain the ELK stack and its components.
4. What is Grafana, and how does it work with Prometheus?
5. How do you implement centralized logging for microservices?
6. What is synthetic monitoring, and why is it useful?
7. What is the purpose of log rotation?
8. How do you implement alerting for a critical system?
9. What are SLIs, SLOs, and SLAs?
10. How do you handle false positives in a monitoring system?
11. What is the role of APM tools in DevOps?
12. How do you monitor Kubernetes clusters?
13. What is the importance of log correlation in distributed systems?
14. What is anomaly detection in monitoring, and how is it implemented?
15. How do you optimize logging for large-scale applications?

☁️ Cloud and DevSecOps (86-100)

1. What is the difference between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS?
2. How do you implement auto-scaling in AWS?
3. What is serverless computing, and why is it gaining popularity?
4. How do you secure data in cloud environments?
5. What is the Shared Responsibility Model in cloud security?
6. What is HashiCorp Vault, and how does it ensure secure secrets management?
7. What is static code analysis in a DevSecOps pipeline?
8. How do you secure Kubernetes clusters?
9. What are OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities?
10. How does shift-left testing apply to security?
11. What is cloud-native DevOps, and how does it differ from traditional DevOps?
12. How do you manage multi-cloud environments?
13. What is the importance of compliance in cloud deployments?
14. How do you integrate AI/ML into DevOps workflows?
15. What are the biggest challenges in DevSecOps, and how do you address them?

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