LESSON NOTES

Absolute Beginner S1 #2
Simple Greetings in Hindi, Part 2

CONTENTS

Dialogue - Hindi
Main
English
Romanization
Vocabulary
Sample sentences
Vocabulary phrase usage
Grammar
Cultural insight

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DIALOGUE - HINDI

MAIN

1. म हमा : कमलाजी! आप कै सी ह?

2. कमला : अरे म हमाजी! म ब कु ल ठ क ँ। और आप कै सी ह?

3. म हमा : म भी ठ क ँ, ध यवाद।

4. कमला : आपका बेटा कै सा है?

5. म हमा : वह ब त अ ा है, ध यवाद।

ENGLISH

1. Mahima : Kamala! How are you?

2. Kamala : Oh Mahima! I am quite well. And how are you?

3. Mahima : I am also good, thank you.

4. Kamala : How is your son?

5. Mahima : He is very good, thank you.

ROMANIZATION

1. mahimaa : kamaLaajii! aap kaiSii hain?

2. kamaLaa : are mahimaajii! main biLkuL thiik huun. aur aap kaiSii hain?

3. mahimaa : main bhii thiik huun, DHaNyavaaD.

4. kamaLaa : aapakaa betaa kaiSaa hai?

5. mahimaa : vah bahuT acchaa hai, DHaNyavaaD.

VOCABULARY

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Hindi Romanization English Class Gender

ब तअ ा bahuT acchaa very good adjective masculine

वह vah he/she/it/that pronoun

म main I pronoun

आप aap you (formal) pronoun

कै सी kaiSii how adverb feminine

ठक thiik okay adjective

ध यवाद DHaNyavaaD thank you noun

बेटा betaa child, son noun masculine OR neutral

ँ huun am (infinitive- to be) verb

ह hain are (infinitive- to be) verb

SAMPLE SENTENCES

मब तअ ा ँ, ध यवाद। वह लड़क है।

main bahuT acchaa huun, DHaNyavaaD. vah Ladakii hai.

I am very good, thank you. She is a girl.

म भारत से ँ। म लड़का ँ।

main bhaaraT Se huun. main Ladakaa huun.

I'm from India. I am a boy.

आप अ ह। (to a female) वह कै सी है?

aap acchii hain. vah kaiSii hai?

You are nice. How is she?

म ठ क नह ँ। वह ठ क है।

main thiik Nahiin huun. vah thiik hai.

I'm not well. He is okay.

ब त ध यवाद! डे वड अपने प रवार म इकलौता बेटा है।

bahuT DHaNyavaaD! devid apaNe parivaar men iKaLauTaa betaa hai.

Thank you very much! David is the only son in his family.

रॅमेसस II के चालीस से ऊपर बेटे थे। म भारत म रहता ँ।

ramesses II ke caaLis Se uupar bete THe. main bhaaraT men rahaTaa huun.

Ramesses II had over 40 sons. I live in India.

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 कमरे म इतने सारे लोग ह। हम लड़के ह।

kamare men iTaNe Saare Log hain. ham Ladake hain.

There are so many people in the room. We are boys.

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

1. कै सी (kaiSii) means "how" and is used for addressing a female subject. कै से (kaiSe) is used for
addressing a male subject.

2. वह (vah ) is a third person singular pronoun that means "he/she/it/that." यह (yah) is also a third
person singular pronoun that means "he/she/it/this." Note that वह (vah) is used for people and things
that are further away and यह (yah) is used for people and things that are closer. The difference between
them is exactly the same as the difference between "this" and "that."

Since वह (vah) and यह (yah) are both "he" and "she," we'll have to look at other things like verb structure
and adjectives to figure out which one it is.

3. ध यवाद (DHaNyavaaD) means "thank you." Another word for "thank you" is शु या (sukriyaa). They
can be used interchangeably.

GRAMMAR
The Focus of This Lesson is ह (hain ) and "How are you?"
आप कै सी ह? (aap kaiSii hain?) (to a female)
"How are you?"

ह (hain) is a to-be verb "are" that can be used with:

-first person plural - "we are" (हम ह (hum hain))

-second person formal - "you are" (आप ह (aap hain))
-third person plural - "those/they are" - for things that are near (ये ह (ye hain))
-third person plural - "those/they are" - for things that are far (वे ह (ve hain))

Hindi is a verb-final language which uses the subject-object-verb order. In the above example, "How are
you?" takes the form of "You how are?"

Gender and Counts

When asking the question "How are you?" we use the adverb कै सी (kaiSii) for female and कै से (kaiSe) for
male. For plural subjects, regardless of their gender, they take the masculine form कै से (kaiSe).

For Example:

1. To ask "How are you?" to a female, we say,

आप कै सी ह? (aap kaiSii hain?)

2. To ask "How are you?" to a male, we say,

आप कै से ह? (aap kaiSe hain?)

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 3. To ask "How are you all?" we say,
आप सब कै से ह? (aap Sab kaiSe hain?)

4. To ask "How are they?" we say,

वे कै से ह? (ve kaiSe hain?)

Examples of कै सी (kaiSii) and कै से (kaiSe)

1. वह कै सा है? (vah kaiSaa hai?)

"How is he?"

2. वह कै सी है? (vah kaiSii hai?)

"How is she?"

3. राज कै सा है? (raaj kaiSaa hai?)

"How is Raj?"

Note that in the above examples the verb is है (hai) and not the nasal ह (hain) because
है, hai ("is")
ह, hain ("are")

Examples from The Lesson:

1. आप कै सी ह? (aap kaiSii hain?)

2. और आप कै सी ह? (aur aap kaiSii hain?)

Examples from The Dialogue

1. आप कै सी ह? (aap kaiSii hain?)

"How are you?"

2. और आप कै सी ह? (aur aap kaiSii hain?)

"And how are you?"

Sample Sentences

1. हम ख़ुश ह। (ham khus hain.)

"We are happy."

2. आप ख़ूबसूरत ह। (aap khuubaSuraT hain.)

"You are beautiful."

Language Tip

"You are" can be said in three different ways in Hindi depending on how we choose to address the other
person. ह (hain) ("are"), can only be used for second person singular subject when addressing the
person formally. That is,

1. "You are" (formal) - आप ह (aap hain).

But other forms of address will have different words for "are."

For Example:

1. "You are" (informal) - तुम हो (Tum ho)

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 2. "You are" (intimate) - तू है (Tuu hai)

This means that "How are you?" can be said in three different ways as well.

For Example:

1. Formal - आप कै से/कै सी ह? (aap kaiSe/kaiSii hain?)

2. Informal - तुम कै से/कै सी हो? (Tum kaiSe/kaiSii ho?)

3. Intimate - तू कै सा/कै सी है? (Tuu kaiSaa/kaiSii hai?)

CULTURAL INSIGHT
Hindi Changing Words

Hindi can be a bit difficult for English speakers since all nouns in Hindi are either masculine or feminine
and the sentence structure changes accordingly, just like in French and Arabic. Verbs and adjectives in
Hindi change according to the gender of the nouns and their number. Possessive pronouns like "my"
and "your" change according to the gender and number of the thing being possessed and not the
subject doing the possessing. But don't worry about all these right now. We'll cover them one by one in
our lessons. But remember that knowing the gender of the nouns is very important if you want to speak
Hindi correctly!
[Correction Note]
In the lesson’s main audio at min 9:56 the instructor says "With the formal "you", that is "aap", it's
always " aap" plus+ "kaisaa" or "kaisee" plus+ "hain"", but should have said "With the formal "you",
that is "aap", it's always " aap" plus+ "kaise" or "kaisii" plus+ "hain". The word in red is the problem
word pointed out by the user.

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