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Assignment -4_sol

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14 views

Assignment -4_sol

Uploaded by

eeengineering75
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NPTEL

Course - Advance Power Electronics and Control


Instructor- Dr. Avik Bhattacharya
Assignment-4, Week-4

1. Which PWM technique is most commonly used in PFC circuits?

a) Single-pulse modulation
b) Sinusoidal PWM
c) Hysteresis control
d) Space vector modulation

Explanation: Sinusoidal PWM (option b) is the most common technique used in PFC circuits.
It produces a near-sinusoidal input current, significantly improving power factor. Other
techniques like hysteresis control can also be used but are less common due to higher
harmonic content in the input current.

2. A step- down chopper has Vs = 230 V and R = 10 Ω. For a duty cycle of 0.4, the
power taken by the chopper is 2097 Watts. Find the chopper efficiency. Take the
voltage drop across the chopper switch as 2 V.
a) 98 %
b) 89.96 %
c) 99.14 %
d) 96.54
Explanation - Vo (rms) = √0.4 x (230 – 2) = 144.2 V
Po = 144.22/10 = 2079.3 Watts
Pi = 2097 Watts
η = Po/Pi = 99.14 %.

3. A step-up chopper has input voltage of 220 V and output voltage of 660 V. If the
conducting time of the IGBT based chopper is 100 μs, compute Toff width of the
output voltage pulse.

a) 100 μs
b) 150 μs
c) 50 μs
d) Insufficient data
Explanation - 660 = 220/1-α
α = 2/3 = Ton/T
Ton = 2T/3 = 100μs. This gives chopping period T = 100 x 3/2 = 150 μs
Toff = T – Ton = 150 – 100 = 50 μs.

4. The buck regulator has an input voltage of Vs = 12V. The required average output
voltage is Va = 5V at R = 500 Ω and the peak-to-peak output ripple voltage is 20 mV.
The switching frequency is 25 kHz. If the peak-to-peak ripple current of inductor is
limited to 0.8 A, determine the filter inductance L (in µH)
a)145.83
b) 160.70
c) 200.40
d) 250.10
Explanation -

5. Which of the following techniques are used to improve the power factor?
a) extinction angle control
b) symmetrical angle control
c) both a and b
d) none of the above.
Explanation –

6. What is the purpose of using a phase-locked loop (PLL) in a PWM rectifier control
system?

a) To synchronise the switching frequency with the grid frequency


b) To regulate the output voltage
c) To minimise the harmonic distortion
d) To adjust the power factor

Answer: A

7. In case of a constant frequency system, Ton = (1/4)T. If the chopping frequency 2


kHz, find the value of Toff.
a) (1/8) ms
b) (3/8) ms
c) (1/8) μs
d) (3/8) μs
Explanation - Explanation: Ton = (1/4) T
T = 1/2kHz = 0.5 ms
Ton = T/4
Therefore, Toff = T – Ton = T – T/4 = 3T/4 = 3/8 msec.

8. What does the term "Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM)" mean in the context of a
buck-boost converter?

a) The switch is always on


b) The diode is always conducting
c)The inductor current never drops to zero
d)The output voltage is always constant

Explanation - In the continuous conduction mode the inductor current never drops to zero.

9. What is the main disadvantage of a buck-boost converter?

a) Low efficiency at all operating points


b) Inverted output voltage polarity relative to the input
c) Complex control strategy
d) High component count

Explanation - This is the main disadvantage of a buck-boost converter. Unlike buck or boost
converters, the output voltage of a buck-boost converter has the opposite polarity compared
to the input voltage. This requires additional circuitry and considerations in the design.

10. In a boost converter, what is the effect of operating in Discontinuous Conduction


Mode (DCM)?
a) The output voltage ripple decreases
b) The inductor current falls to zero during each cycle
c) The efficiency increases significantly
d) The output voltage becomes unregulated

Explanation - This is the defining characteristic of Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM)


in a boost converter. In DCM, the inductor current completely drops to zero during each
switching cycle.

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