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    Gen Chem Lecture Notes

    Uploaded by

    Steven Mao
    Electrochemistry

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Gen Chem Lecture Notes

    Uploaded by

    Steven Mao
    1 views11 pages
    Electrochemistry

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Electrochemistry

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views11 pages

    Gen Chem Lecture Notes

    Uploaded by

    Steven Mao
    Electrochemistry

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 11

    Last Class

    • Oxidation states and stoichiometry


    • Voltaic and Electrolytic Cells
    • Standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)
    • Standard reduction potentials
    • Electromotive potential
    Question Given:
    Zn2+(aq) + 2e- Zn(s) -0.76 V
    Cr3+(aq) + 3e- Cr(s) -0.74 V
    Fe2+(aq) + 2e- Fe(s) -0.41 V
    Cd2+(aq) + 2e- Cd(s) -0.40 V
    A.) Fe will reduce Zn2+
    B.) Cd will reduce Fe2+
    C.) Cr3+ will be reduced by Zn
    D.) Zn2+ will not be reduced by Cr, Fe, or Cd
    E.) Cd will be oxidized as the half well with Cr, Fe, or Zn.
    Question
    ) Use the standard half-cell potentials listed below to calculate the standard cell potential for the
    following reaction occurring in an electrochemical cell at 25°C. (The equation is balanced.)

    Sn(s) + 2 Ag⁺(aq) → Sn2+(aq) + 2 Ag(s)

    Sn2+(aq) + 2 e⁻ → Sn(s) E° = -0.14 V


    Ag⁺(aq) + e⁻ → Ag(s) E° = +0.80 V

    A) +1.74 V
    B) +0.94 V
    C) +1.08 V
    D) -1.08 V
    E) -1.74 V
    Using the Standard
    o
    Reduction - Potentials
    Case 1: Calculating E when the electrons cancel.
    I2(s) + 2e- ® 2I-(aq) Eo = 0.54 V
    Fe3+(aq) + e- ® Fe2+(aq) Eo = 0.77 V
    Using the definition of free energy, calculate the standard cell potential for a voltaic cell
    consisting of the two half cells shown above.
    Using the Standard Reduction - Potentials
    Case 2: Calculating Eo when the electrons do NOT cancel.
    MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- ® Mn+2 + 4H2O E1o = 1.57 V Determining the standard
    MnO2 + 4H+ + 2e- ® Mn+2 + 2H2O E2o = 1.23 V reduction potential for a new
    half-cell from existing half-cell
    MnO4- + 4H+ + 3e- ® MnO2+ 2H2O E3o = ? potentials.
    Derivation of the Nernst Equation

    34
    Example
    Calculate the cell potential for the following reaction that takes place in an electrochemical cell
    at 25°C.

    Sn(s) ∣ Sn2+(aq, 1.8 M) Ag+(aq, 0.055 M) ∣ Ag(s)

    Ag⁺(aq) + e⁻ → Ag(s) E° = +0.80 V


    Sn2+(aq) + 2 e⁻ → Sn(s) E° = -0.14 V

    A) -0.94 V
    B) -0.85 V
    C) +1.02 V
    D) +0.98 V
    E) +0.86 V
    Example
    The overall cell reaction in a galvanic cell at 25oC is
    Ag+ (aq) + ½ H2 (g) à Ag (s) + H+ (aq)
    The reduction occurs in a standard Ag+ | Ag half-cell, and the oxidation occurs at a platinum
    wire that has hydrogen bubbling at 1 atm and is immersed in a buffer solution containing
    benzoic acid (0.10 M) and sodium benzoate (0.050 M). The measured cell voltage is 1.030
    V. Calculate the pH and determine the Ka value for benzoic acid.
    Example
    Given: Br2 (l) + H2 (g) à 2 Br- (aq) + 2 H+ (aq)

    Silver ions are added to the cathode compartment until AgBr precipitates, and [Ag+]
    reaches a concentration of 0.060 M. The cell voltage is 1.710 V when precipitation
    occurs. The partial pressure of hydrogen is 1 atm and the pH is 0. Calculate the Ksp for
    AgBr at 25oC.
    Example
    A battery operating at 25oC is composed of an anode that contains a Pb rod
    immersed in a 0.10 M Pb(NO3)2 solution. The second half-cell contains a Pb rod
    immersed in a 0.010 M Pb(NO3)2 solution. Sulfuric acid is the electrolyte for the
    cell. Calculate the new battery potential.
    Concentration Cells Same half-cell setup, but at different concentrations,
    thus giving rise to a potential.

    Thermodynamics favors the lower concentration


    half-cell.

    Electrons flow until both half-cells are equal in


    concentration.

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