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Stribeck Curve

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Bülent Bulut
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21 views

Stribeck Curve

Uploaded by

Bülent Bulut
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Stribeck Curve and

Lubrication Regimes
Submitted By: Ahmed Sleem Abdel-Hameed
The Stribeck Curve:
Stribeck curve is often used to graphically define the various regions of lubrication
(hydrodynamic, mixed, and boundary) and often attributed to Richard Stribeck (1901) or Mayo Hersey
(1914).
A Stribeck curve is a plot of the coefficient of friction on the vertical axis versus the product of the
bearing linear speed and viscosity divided by the average bearing pressure.
product of the bearing linear speed and viscosity divided by the average bearing pressure is also
known as Hersey Number.

This graph show above raises another question which is “What are the Lubrication Regimes?”.

Lubrication Regimes:
➢ lubrication is classified into three different regimes:
1. Boundary Lubrication
2. Mixed (or partial) Lubrication
3. Full-film Hydrodynamic lubrication
➢ Hamrock (1994) lists four regimes, including elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL), which is
as a subcategory of full-film hydrodynamic lubrication.

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Submitted By: Ahmed Sleem Abdel-Hameed
1- Boundary Lubrication:
➢ This was first defined by Hardy and Doubleday (1922), occurs for high loads when the
hydrodynamic or hydrostatic film thickness cannot separate the surfaces except for a chemi-
cally small film residing from an applied lubricant.
➢ In some cases, this film may have the thickness of only a monolayer of molecules.
➢ In this regime, there is significant asperity contact and therefore the friction and wear are
usually relatively high.
➢ However, it should be noted that the friction and wear are usually lower than without a
lubricant between the two surfaces.
➢ This lubrication regime shall be avoided during operation, but unfortunately, we must go
through it during machinery start up and shutdown.
➢ Boundary lubrication is associated with metal-to-metal contact between two sliding surfaces
of the machine.
➢ For example, it occurs during initial start-up or shutdown of some equipment (e.g., journal
bearings) or under heavily loaded conditions.
➢ Friction may be at its highest level during the boundary lubrication regime.

“Two Rolling Surfaces with significant asperity contact and therefore the friction and wear are
relatively high”

2- Mixed Lubrication:
➢ Mixed or partial lubrication occurs when the film thickness is not sufficient to completely
separate the peaks or asperities of the two surfaces.
➢ This lubrication regime lies somewhere between the boundary lubrication and full-film
lubrication. The gray area between them.
➢ boundary lubrication is dramatically reduced as sliding speed increases, creating a wedge of
lubricant film between the surfaces in motion. As the potential for asperity contact is reduced
and film thickness is increased, the coefficient of friction drops dramatically to the condition
known as mixed lubrication.
➢ In case of speed going down this will result in an increase in the friction and wear. As the film
thickness decreases further, the friction will increase further until reaching “boundary
lubrication” again. (as if we go on the left of the curve). And this in not preferred during
operation.

2 of 4
Submitted By: Ahmed Sleem Abdel-Hameed
➢ As the oil film thickness increases further, (oil lift is achieved) friction is reduced and the
system now moves into full film lubrication, either Elasto-hydrodynamic or hydrodynamic
lubrication.

Mixed Lubrication between two surfaces

3- Hydrodynamic Lubrication:
➢ In the full-film Hydrodynamic lubrication regime, the film thickness is much larger than the
surface roughness asperities, and so they are completely separated which results in
essentially no asperity contacts.
➢ Therefore, the wear and friction are low, only resulting from the shearing of the lubricant.
➢ In order for hydrodynamic lubrication to be successfully and completely applied, there must
be a high degree of geometric conformity between the machine components (e.g., the curve of
the shaft and the curve of the shell in a journal bearing are very similar).
➢ This lubrication regime is desirable during the operation of machinery to avoid wear and
vibration.
➢ This lubrication regime condition occurs after a machine has begun to rotate and the speeds
and loads are such that a wedge of oil has been formed between the shaft and bearing
surfaces. Oil films are typically in the order of (2 to 100 microns) thick.

Two Rolling Surfaces, Hydrodynamic Lubrication


hydrodynamic lubrication is achieved
developed

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Submitted By: Ahmed Sleem Abdel-Hameed
4- Elasto-Hydrodynamic (EHL) Lubrication:
➢ Elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) is as a subcategory of full-film hydrodynamic
lubrication.
➢ EHL occurs in several cases but is defined by when the fluid pressure deforms the surfaces
significantly. When extremely high interface pressures develop in hard concentrated contacts
(such as rolling element bearings) causing the viscosity of the lubricant to increase by several
orders of magnitude and for the surfaces to deform significantly under these pressures. So§
materials such as the rubber in lip seals and cartilage can deform significantly at much lower
pressures and also be in the EHL regime.
➢ The oil’s pressure rises sharply. This high pressure in turn significantly increases the oil’s
viscosity and load-holding ability. This concentrated load will slightly deform (flatten) the metal
of the rolling elements and race in the contact zone. The deformation only occurs in the
contact zone, and the metal elastically returns to its normal form as the rotation continues.

Contact Zone Between Roller Element and The Race In A Rolling Element Bearing

How Machinery Operates Regarding to The Stribeck Curve:


➢ The curve is frequently used to qualitatively identify the transitions from boundary lubrication
to mixed lubrication, and to hydrodynamic lubrication.
➢ On the right side of the Stribeck curve, the rotational speed and viscosity are high enough to
generate enough hydrodynamic lift to overcome the average bearing pressure and separate the
surfaces with a thin film of fluid.
➢ When a film separates the surfaces, little or no contact occurs between the bumps or
asperities on the surfaces.
➢ When a bearing is operating on the right side of the Stribeck curve, the friction and wear are
low. This is preferable during operation to avoid wear and vibrations.
➢ However, if the bearing operates under heavier loads, with lower viscosity and/or lower speed,
it will operate on the left side of the Stribeck curve.
➢ Moving left on the Stribeck indicates a loss of hydrodynamic lift and so eventually some of the
applied load is carried by contact between the surfaces (at the peaks or asperities of the
surface). Resulting in surface wear and abrasion.

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Submitted By: Ahmed Sleem Abdel-Hameed

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