INDEX

EX
NO DATE EXPERIMENT LIST PAGE SIGNATURE
NO
1.a. Write a C program to use various IO statements
in C

1.b. Write a C program to use operators and

expressions.

2.a. Decision making constructs: if-else and goto

2.b. Decision making constructs: switch statements,

break-continue
3.a. Write a C program to calculate the sum of digits
of a number entered by the user using while loop.

3.b. Write a C program to print table for the given

number using do while loop.

3.c. Write a C program to calculate the factorial of a

given number using for loop
4.a. Write a C program to find out the average of 4
integers using array.
4.b. Write a C program to Storing elements in a
matrix and printing it using 2d array.
4.c. Writing a program in C to perform traverse
operation on an array
5 String operations in C Programming

6 Sorting using pass by reference

7 Recursive Function

8.a. Swapping two numbers using pointers

8.b. Pointers to Pointers

8.c. Array of pointers to character to store a list of

strings
9.a. Nested structure

9.b. An array of structures

9.c. Functioning of pointers to structures

9.d. Union in C

10. File Handling

 DATE: 1a) Write a C program to use various IO statements in C

Aim:
To write C programs to demonstrate the use of various formatted and unformatted input and
output functions, expressions and functional blocks.

Algorithm:
STEP 1: Start the program.
STEP 2: Declare all required variable and initialize them.
STEP3: Get input values from the user for arithmetic operation.

STEP 4: Use various IO functions like printf(),scanf(), getchar(), putchar(), functions

STEP 5: Stop the Program.

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{

char gender;
int age;
int c;
char str[100];
clrscr();
printf(“\nEnter a character”);

c=getchar();
putchar(c);
printf(“\nEnter your age and then gender(M,F or O):”);
scanf(“%d%c”,&age,&gender);
printf(“\nYou entered:%dand %c”,age,gender);
getch();
}

Sample Output:
Enter a Character G
G
Enter your age and then gender(M,F,O)21F
You entered 21 and F

Result:

Thus a C program to use IO statements was executed successfully.

DATE: 1b)Write a C program to use operators and expressions.

Aim:
To write a C program to demonstrate the functions of operators and expressions.

Algorithm:
STEP 1: Start the program
STEP 2: Declare all required variable and initialize then.
STEP 3: Performs the various operations using the corresponding C operators.
STEP 4: Obtain the desired output.

STEP 5: Stop the program.

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h.
void main()
{

int a=40,b=20;
int Total=0,i;
int m=40,n=20;
int x=1,y;
clrscr();
printf(“ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS\n”);

for(i=0;i<=10;i++)
{
total+=i;
}
printf(“\nThe sum of first 10 numbers are=%d”,Total);
printf(“\nREALTIONAL OPERATORS\n”);
if(!(m>n&&m!=0))
{
printf(“!(%d>%d&&%d!=0)is true”m,n,m);

}
else
{
printf(“!(%d>%d&&%d!=0)is false”m,n,m);
}
printf(“\nCONDITIONAL OPERATORS\n”);

y=(x==1 ? 2:0);
printf(“x values is %d\n”,x);
printf(“y values is %d\n”,y);
getch();
}
 Output:
ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
Addition of a,b is: 60

Subtraction of a,b is: 60

Multiplication of a,b is: 60
Division of a,b is: 60
Modulus of a,b is: 60
ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS
The sum of first 10 numbers is 55

RELATIONAL OPERATORS
!(40>20&&40!=0) is false
CONDITIONAL OPERATORS
X value is 1
Y value is 2

Result:
Thus the C program to demonstrate the functions of operators and expressions was written and
executed successfully.
DATE: 2a) Decision making constructs: if-else and goto

Aim:
To write a C program to use the Decision making constructs: if-else and goto.

Algorithm:
STEP 1: Start the program
STEP 2: Declare all required variable and get the input from user.
STEP 3: Check the given input is even or not.
STEP 4: Obtain the desired output.

STEP 5: Stop the program.

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h.
int main()
{

int number=0;
printf(“Enter a number:”);
scanf(“%d”, &number);
if(number%2==0)
{
printf(“%d is even number”,number);

}
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
Enter a number 4
4 is even number

(ii) Goto Statements

Algorithm:
STEP 1: Start the program
STEP 2: Declare a variable.
STEP 3: Use the goto statements to print the numbers.

STEP 4: Obtain the desired output.

STEP 5: Stop the program.

Program:
void printnumbers()
{
int n=1;

label:
printf(“%d”,n);
n++;
if(n<=10)
goto label;
}

int main()
{
printnumbers();
return 0;
}
 OUTPUT:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Result:
Thus the C program to use the Decision making constructs: if-else and goto was written and
executed successfully.
DATE: 2b) Decision making constructs: switch statements, break-continue

Aim:
To write a C program to use the Decision-making constructs switch statements, break-continue.

Algorithm:
STEP 1: Start the program
STEP 2: Declare two variables.
STEP 3: Declare switch statements and use arithmetic operators in each case.
STEP 4: Obtain the desired output.

STEP 5: Stop the program.

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#includes<conio.h.>
int main()
{

for(int i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
if(i==5)
{
break;
}

printf(“%d”,i);
}
return 0;
}
 OUTPUT:
1234

b) Program:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
for(int i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
if(i==4)

{
continue;
}
printf(“%d”,i);
}
}

return 0;
}

OUTPUT:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Result:
Thus the C program to use the Decision making constructs switch statements, break-continue
was written and executed successfully.
DATE: 3a) Write a c program to display n terms of natural number and their sum.

Aim:
To write a C program to display n terms of natural number and their sum.

Algorithm:
STEP 1: Start the program
STEP 2: Get a natural number as input from the user.
STEP 3: Use while loop to find the sum of the digits.
STEP 4: Obtain the desired output.

STEP 5: Stop the program.

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h.>
int main()
{

int n, num, sum=0,remainder;

printf(“Enter a number”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
num=n;
while(n>0)
{

remainder=n%10;
sum+=remainder;
n/=10;
}
printf(“sum of digits of %d is %d”,num,sum);
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:
Enter a number: 222
Sum of digits of 222 is 6.

Result:
Thus, the C program to display n terms of natural number and their sum using while loop was
written and executed successfully.
DATE: 3b) Write a c program to print table for the given number using do while loop

Aim:
To write a C program to print for the given number using do while loop.

Algorithm:
STEP 1: Start the program
STEP 2: Get a number as input from the user.
STEP 3: Use do while loop to print the table of the given number.
STEP 4: Run the program to get the desired output.

STEP 5: Stop the program.

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=1, number=0;

printf(“Enter a number”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
do
{
printf(“%d\n“,(number*i”));
i++;

}
while(i<=10);
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
Enter a number: 5
5

10
15
20
25
30
35

40
45
50

Result:
Thus, the C program to print table for the given number using do while loop was executed
successfully.
DATE: 3c) Write a c program to calculate the factorial of a given number using for loop
Aim:
To write a C program to calculate the factorial of a given number using for loop.

Algorithm:
STEP 1: Start the program
STEP 2: Get a number as input from the user.
STEP 3: Use do while loop to print the table of the given number.
STEP 4: Run the program to get the desired output.
STEP 5: Stop the program.

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i,if=1,num;
printf(“Inputthe number”);

scanf(“%d”,&num);
for(i=1;i<=num;i++)
f=f*i;
printf(“The factorial of %d is:%d\n’,num,f);
}

OUTPUT:
Enter a number: 5
The factorial of 5 is: 120

Result:
Thus, the C program to calculate the factorial of a given number using for loop was executed
successfully.
DATE: 4a) Write a c program to find out the average of 4 integer using array.

Aim:
To write a C program to find out the average of 4 integer using array.

Algorithm:
STEP 1: Start the program
STEP 2: Declare an array with size 4.
STEP 3: Use the loop to get the elements of the array.
STEP 4: Use the loop to perform the average of the array.

STEP 5: Run the program to get the desired output.

STEP 6: Stop the program.

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{

int avg=0;
int sum=0;
int x=0;
int num[4];
for(x=0; x<4;x++)
{

printf(“Enter number %d\n”,(x+1));

scanf(“%d”,&num[x]);
}
for(x=0; x<4;x++)
{
sum=sum+num[x];
}
avg=sum/4;

printf(“Average of Entered number is:%d”,avg);

return 0;
}

OUTPUT:
Enter a number: 1
10

Enter a number: 1
20
Enter a number: 1
30
Enter a number: 1
40

Average of entered number is: 20

Result:
Thus, the C program to find out the average of 4 integer using arraywas executed successfully.
 DATE: 4b) Write a C program to Storing elements in a matrix and printing it using 2d
array.

Aim:
To write a C program to store elements in a matrix and printing it using 2d array.

Algorithm:
STEP 1: Start the program

STEP 2: Declare the 2d array.

STEP 3: Use the loop to get the elements of the array.
STEP 4: Use the loop to print the elements of thearray.
STEP 5: Run the program to get the desired output.
STEP 6: Stop the program.

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int arr[3][3],I,j;
for(i=0; i<3;i++)
{

for(i=0; i<3;i++)
{
printf(“Enter a[ %d][%d]:”,i,j);
scanf(“%d”,&arr[i][j]);
}
}

printf(“%n printing the elements…..\n”);

for(i=0; i<3;i++)
{
printf(“\n”);
for(j=0; j<3;j++)

{
printf(“%d\t”,arr[ %i][j]);
}
}
}

OUTPUT:
Enter a[0][0]:56
Enter a[0][1]:10
Enter a[0][2]:30
Enter a[1][0]:34
Enter a[1][1]:21

Enter a[1][2]:34
Enter a[2][0]:45
Enter a[2][1]:56
Enter a[2][2]:78
Printing the elements….
56 10 30

34 21 34
45 56 78

Result:
Thus, the C program to Storing elements in a matrix and printing it using 2d array was executed
successfully.
DATE: 4c) Write a C program to perform traverse operation on an array.

Aim:
To write a C program to perform traverse operation on an array.

Algorithm:
STEP 1: Start the program
STEP 2: Initialize counter variable. Set i=LB.
STEP 3: Repeat for i=LB to UB.
STEP 4: Apply process to arr [i].

STEP 5: Stop the program.

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{

int i,size;
int arr[]={1,-9,17,4,-3};
size=sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
printf(“The array elements are:”);
for(i=0; i<size;i++)
printf(“\n arr[%d] a,arr[i]);

}
OUTPUT:
The array elements are:
a[0]=1

a[1]=-9
a[2]=17
a[3]=4
a[4]=-3

Result:
Thus a C program to perform traverse operation on an array was executed successfully.
 DATE: 5) String operation in C programming

Aim:
To write a C program to perform String operations.

Algorithm:
STEP 1: Start the program
STEP 2: Declare variables
STEP 3: Read the text.
STEP 4: Display the menu options.

STEP 5:Compare each character with tab char ‘\t’ or space char ‘ ‘to count no of words.
STEP 6: Find the first word of each sentence to capitalize by checks to see if a character is a
punctuation mark used to denote the end of a sentence.(!.?)
STEP 7: Replace the word in text by user specific word if match.

STEP 8: Display the output of the calculations.

STEP 9: Repeat the step 4 till choose option to stop.
STEP 10: Stop the program.

Program:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

#include<string.h>
void replace(char*,char*);
int main()
{
char choice.str[200];
int i, words;

char s_string[200],r_string[200];
printf(“Enter any text:\n”);
gets(str);
do
{

printf(“\n 1. Find the total number of words \n”);

printf(“\n 2. Capitalize the first words of each sentence \n”);
printf(“\n 3. Replace a given word with another word\n”);
printf(“\n 4. Stop\n”);
printf(“\n Enter your choice”);
choice=getchar();

switch(choice)
{
case ‘1’:
i=0;
words=1;
while(str[i]!=’\0’)

{
if(str[i]==’ ‘||str[i]==’\t’)
{
words++;
}
i++;

}
printf(“\n Total number of words=%d”,words);
break;
case ‘2’:
i=0;
 while(str[i]!=’\0’)
{
if(str[i]!==’! ‘||str[i]==’.’|| str[i]==’?’)

{
i++;
while(str[i]!==’ ‘||str[i]==’\n’||str[i]!==\t||str[i]!=’\0’)
{
putchar(toupper(str[++i));
i++;

}
}
else
putchar (str[i]);
i++;
}

break;
case ‘3’:
printf(“\n please enter the string to search:”);
flush(stdin);
gets(s_string);
printf(“\n Please enter the replace string”);

flush(stdin);
gets(r_string);
replace(str,s_string,r_string);
puts(str);
break;
case ‘4’:
exit(0);
}

printf(“\n Press any key ket to continue….”);

getch();
}
while(choice!=’4’);
return 0;
}

void replace(char* str,char* s_string,char *r_string)

{
char buffer[200];
char*ch;
if(!(ch=strstr(str,s_string)))
return;

strncpy(buffer,str,ch_str);
buffer[ch-str]=0;
sprint(buffer+(ch-str),”%s%s”,r_string,ch+strlen(s_string));
str[0]=0;
strcpy(str,buffer);
return replace(str,s_string,r_string);

}
 OUTPUT:
Enter any text:
I like C and C++ programming!

1. Find the total number of words

2. Capitalize the first words of each sentence
3. Replace a given word with another word
4. Stop

Enter your choice:1

Total number of words=6

Press any key to continue….
1. Find the total number of words
2. Capitalize the first words of each sentence
3. Replace a given word with another word
4. Stop

Enter your Choice: 4

Result:
Thus a C program to perform string operations was executed successfully.
DATE: 6. SORTING Using Pass by reference

Aim:

To write a C program to sort the list of numbers using pass by reference.

Algorithm:

STEP 1: Start

STEP 2: Declare variables and create an array

STEP 3: Read the input for number of elements and each element.

STEP 4: Develop a function to sort the array by passing reference

STEP 5: Compare the elements in each pass till all the elements are sorted.

STEP 6: Display the output of the sorted elements

STEP 7:Stop

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int n,a[100],i;

void sortarray(int*,int);

clrscr();

printf(“\n Enter the number of elements in an array:”);

scanf(“%d”,&n);

printf(“\n Enter the number of elements\n”);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);

sortarray(a,n);

printf(“\n After Sorting….\n”);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

printf(“%d\n”,a[i]);

getch();

void sortarray(int* arr,int num)

int i,j,temp;

for(i=0;i<num;i++)

for(j=j+1;j<num;j++)

if(arr[i]>arr[j])

temp=arr[i];

arr[i]=arr[j];

arr[j]=temp;

}
Output:

Enter the Number of Elements in an array: 5

Enter the Array elements 33

67

21

45

11

After Sorting….

11

21

33

45

67

Result:

Thus a C program Sorting using pass by reference was executed and the output was obtained.
DATE: 7). Recursion function

Aim:

To write a C program to the Fibonacci series of a given numbers using Recursion function.

Algorithm:

STEP 1: Start

STEP 2: Get a number as input from the user.

STEP 3: Use recursive function to find the Fibonacci series of the given number.

STEP 4: Run the program to get the desired output.

STEP 5: Stop

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

int fibonacci(int i)

if(i==0)

return 0;

if(i==1)

return 1;

return fibonacci(i-1)+fibonacci(i-2);

}
 int main()

for(i=0;i<10;i++)

printf(“%d\t\n”,fibonacci(i));

return 0;

Output:

21

34

Result:

Thus a C program to find Fibonacci series was executed and the output was obtained.
DATE: 8. a) Swapping of two numbers using Pointers

Aim:

To write a C program to Swapping of two numbers using Pointers.

Algorithm:

STEP 1: Start the program

STEP 2: Declare two numbers.

STEP 3: Write swap function and pass reference of the declared variables to it.

STEP 4: Run the program to get the desired output.

STEP 5: Stop the program.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

void swapnum(int *num1,*num2)

int tempnum;

tempnum=*num1;

*num1=*num2;

*num2=tempnum;

int main()

int v1=11,v2=77;

printf(“\n Before Swapping:”);

printf(“\n Value of v1 is:%d”,v1);

printf(“\n Value of v2 is:%d”,v2”);

swapnum(&v1,&v2);

printf(“\n After Swapping:”);

printf(“\n Value of v1 is:%d”,v1);

printf(“\n Value of v2 is:%d”,v2”);

OUTPUT:

Before Swapping:

Value of v1 is: 11

Value of v2 is: 77

After Swapping:

Value of v1 is: 77

Value of v2 is: 11

RESULT:

Thus a C program to find swap two numbers using pointers was executed and the output was
obtained.
DATE: 8. b) Pointers to pointers

Aim:

To write a C programs to print a variable using double Pointers.

Algorithm:

STEP 1: Start the program

STEP 2: Declare the required variables.

STEP 3: Use the printf function to print double variable pointer variable.

STEP 4: Run the program to get the desired output.

STEP 5: Stop the program.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

void main()

int a=10;

int *p;

int **pp;

p=&a;

pp=&p;

printf(“address of a:%x\n”,p);

printf(“address of p:%x\n”,pp);

printf(“value stored at p:%d\n”,*p);

printf(“value stored at pp:%d\n”,**pp);

}
OUTPUT:

address of a: d26a8734

address of p:d26a8738

value stored at p:10

value stored at pp:10

RESULT:

Thus a C program to print a variable using double Pointers was executed and the output was obtained.
DATE: 8. c) Array of Pointers to character to store lists of strings

Aim:

To write a C programs to store list of strings using array of printers to character.

Algorithm:

STEP 1: Start the program

STEP 2: Declare a pointer array variable and initialize it with characters.

STEP 3: Use the loop to printf the names.

STEP 4: Run the program to get the desired output.

STEP 5:Stop the program.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

Const int MAX=4;

int main()

char *names[]={“Zara Ali”,”HinaAli”,”Nuha Ali”, “Sara Ali”};

int i=0;

for(i=0;i<MAX;i++)

printf(“values of names[%d]=%s\n”,names[i]);

return 0;

}
OUTPUT:

Value of names [0] =Zara Ali

Value of names [1] =Hina Ali

Value of names [2] =Nuha Ali

Value of names [3] =Sara Ali

RESULT:

Thus a C program to store a list of strings using array of pointers to character was executed and the
output was obtained.
DATE: 9. a) Nested Structure

Aim:

To write a C programs to print the nest structures.

Algorithm:

STEP 1: Start the program

STEP 2: Declare two structure complex and number.

STEP 3: Use the (.) operator to access the structure.

STEP 4: Run the program to get the desired output.

STEP 5: Stop the program.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

struct complex

int imag;

float real;

}:

struct number

struct complex comp;

int integer;

num1;

int main()
{

num1.comp.imag=11;

num1.comp.real=5.25;

num1.integer=6;

printf(“Imaginary Part:%d\n”,num1.comp.imag);

printf(“Real Part:%2f\n”,num1.comp.real);

printf(“Integer:%d”,num1.integer);

return 0;

OUTPUT:

Imaginary Part: 11

Real Part: 5.25

Integer: 6

RESULT:

Thus a C program to nest two structures executed and the output was obtained.
DATE: 9. b) An array of structures

Aim:

To write C programs that stores information of 5 students and prints it’s using an array of structures

Algorithm:

STEP 1: Start the program

STEP 2: Declare a structure which also has a array.

STEP 3: Use the (.) operator to access the structure.

STEP 4: Run the program to get the desired output.

STEP 5: Stop the program.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

struct student

int rollno;

char name[10];

};

int main()

int i;

struct students st[5];

printf(“\n Enter Records of 5 students”);

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

printf(“\n Enter Rollno”);

scanf(“%d”,&st[i].rollno);

printf(“\n Enter Name”);

scanf(“%d”,&st[i].name);

printf(“\n students information list”);

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

printf(“\n Rollno:%d,Name:%s”,st[i].rollno,st[i].name);

return 0;

}
OUTPUT:

Enter Records of 5 students

Enter Rollo: 1

Enter Name: Sonoo

Enter Rollo: 2

Enter Name: Rattan

Enter Rollo: 3

Enter Name: Vimal

Enter Rollo: 4

Enter Name: James

Enter Rollo: 5

Enter Name: Sarfraz

Result:

Thus a C program that stores information of 5 students and prints its using an array of structures was
executed and the output was obtained.
DATE: 9. c) Functioning of pointers to structures

Aim:

To write a C programs to store information using pointer as a reference variable to structures.

Algorithm:

STEP 1: Start the program

STEP 2: Declare a structure withy required variables.

STEP 3: Declare a pointer variable to refer structure in main function.

STEP 4:Use the (.) operator to access the structures.

STEP 5: Run the program to get the desired output.

STEP 6: Stop the program.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

struct person

int age;

float weight;

};

int main()

struct person *personPtr,person1;

personptr=&person1;

printf(“Enter age:”);
scanf(“%f”,&personPtr->age);

printf(“Enter weight:”);

scanf(“%f”,&personPtr->weight);

printf(“Displaying:\n”);

printf(“Age:%d\n”,personPtr->age);

printf(“weight:%f”,personPtr->weight);

return 0;

OUTPUT:

Let us run the above program that will produce the following result

Enter age: 45

Enter weight: 60

Displaying:

Age: 45

Weight: 60.000000

Result:

Thus a C program to person information using pointer as a reference variable to structures was
executed and the output was obtained.
DATE: 9. d) Union in C

Aim:

To write a C programs to store employee details using union..

Algorithm:

STEP 1: Start the program

STEP 2: Declare a Union with required variables.

STEP 3: Declare a reference variable to refer union in main function.

STEP 4: Use the (.) operator to access the union members..

STEP 5: Run the program to get the desired output.

STEP 6: Stop the program.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

union Job

float salary;

int workerNo;

}j;

int main()

j.workerNo=100;

printf(“Salary=%1f\n”,j.salary);

printf(“Number of workers=%d”,j.workerNo);

return 0:

}
Output:

Salary=0.0

Number of workers = 100

Result:

Thus a C program to store employee details using union was executed successfully.
DATE: 10.File handling

Aim:

To write a C programs to read name and marks of a n number of students from and store them in a
file. If the file previously exists, add the information to the file.

Algorithm:

STEP 1: Start the program

STEP 2: Declare text file students and stored in the directory.

STEP 3: Use the FILE operation like fopen to open the file.

STEP 4: Add the students name and marks by using for loop.

STEP 5: Run the program to get the desired output.

STEP 6: Stop the program.

Program:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main()

char name[50];

int marks,i,num;

FILE *fptr;

printf(“Enter number of students:”);

scanf(“%d”,&num);

fptr=(fopen(“C:\\student.txt”,”a”));

if(fptr==NULL)
{

printf(“Error!”);

exit(1);

for(i=0;i<num;++i)

printf(“For students%d\n Enter name:”,i+1);

scanf(“%d”,name).;

printf(“ Enter Marks:”);

scanf(“%d”,marks);

fprintf(fptr,”\n Name:%s\n Marks=%d\n”,name,marks);

fclose(fptr);

return 0;

}
Output:

Enter number of students 2

For student 1

Enter name:pravi

Enter marks:100

For Student 2

Enter name:Theeran

Enter marks:100

Student .txt

Name: pravi

Marks:100

Name:Theeran

Marks=100

Result:

Thus a C program to store to read name and marks of a n number of students from and store them in a
file. If the file previously exists, add the information to the file was executed and the output was
obtained.