Lecture 3-Microprocessors & Microcontrollers (1)

5505ICBTME
Mechatronic Systems and Robotics
Lecture 3-Microprocessors
& Microcontrollers
Ms. Sanjana Dias

Introduction to Microprocessor
• Used for General Purposes where the task is
not predefined or fixed.
• Generally, the microprocessor is used where
intensive processing is required. A laptop is the
best example where a microprocessor is used.
• The laptop is used for media streaming, simulation,
editing image, web browsing, gaming, creating a
document, and many more.
Introduction to Microprocessor
• Also it is a programmable electronics chip that has
computing and decision-making capabilities similar
to central processing unit of a computer.
• Self started, self contained with own operating
program.
• Used in computers, mobiles, etc.

Introduction to Microcontroller
• Designed for Special Purpose.
• No other external components are needed for its

application because all peripherals are built into it.
• Embedded technology is exclusively referred and embedded

inside the custom built hardware to do specific function.
• The process of the microcontroller is fixed according to its

application. Hence, it does some processing, based on the
input given to the microcontroller and gives the predefined
results as an output.
Introduction to Microcontroller
• Applications: washing machine, microwave oven, timer, etc.
In these equipment, the process is predefined, it may need
some inputs from user to give predefine output.
• Washing machine: once the user sets the input parameters,

it washes the clothes according to input parameter. So, the
basic task (washing the clothes) for the washing machine is
fixed
What are the Processing units used in the
following devices???
Components of a
Microprocessor/Microcontroller
Microprocessor Microcontroller
CPU(General processing unit) CPU(General processing unit)
ALU (Arithmetic Logic unit) ALU (Arithmetic Logic unit)
Instruction Decoder Instruction Decoder
Registers Registers
Memory Memory: ROM/ RAM
General purpose I/O pins General purpose I/O pins
Timers
Interrupt Controller
Serial communication module
Block Diagram for Microprocessor
Block Diagram for Microprocessor
Block Diagram
for
Microcontroller
Block Diagram for Microcontroller
Components of a
1. CPU : Recognise and carry out program
instruction
2. Input/Output Interface : Handle communication
between computer and outside world
3. Memory : Hold program instruction and data
In Microcontrollers, all these parts are arranged on

the chip no external devices needed.
Components of a
4. Busses
Components of a
General Architecture of Micro/processors & controllers
Arithmetic & logic unit (ALU) :- to perform data manipulation
Register:- Temporarily hold internal data that CPU is currently
using
Control unit:-
Determine timing and sequence of operations
It is used to control data flow between processor and
peripherals (including memory).
It is used to provide status, control and timing signals
which are required for the operation of memory and
I/O devices.
It is used to control the entire operations of the
microprocessor or microcontroller and peripherals
connected to it.
Microcontroller vs
Microprocessor
Commonly used Microcontrollers
• 8051 microcontroller
• PIC
• AMR
• Altera
• Atmel
• EPSON
• Rockwell
• STMicroelectronics
• Texas Instruments
• Arduino
Single Board Computers
Architecture of Atmega32
microcontroller
Arduino Mega 2560 Microcontroller
Internet of Things (IOT)
Limitations of Existing
Microcontroller Development Boards
• Processing capability.
Interfacing multiple sensors
Handling large matrices and trigonometric
relations
Image processing capability
• Speed
• Memory
• Limited human interfaces
Programmable Logic Controller
Programmable Logic Controller
• PLC is a digital computer designed for
multiple inputs and output arrangements,
extended temperature ranges, immunity to
electrical noise, and resistance to vibration
and impact.
• It is a real-time system
Programming Language of PLC
• Ladder Logic
• Functional Block Diagram
• Sequential Function Chart
• Boolean Mnemonics
Programming PLC to control a Motor
Starting the Motor Continuously running
the motor
Stop the Motor
Applications of PLC
What are the Applications of PLC??
• Food Processing
• Beverage Industry
• Robot manufacturing and Controlling
• Machine tools
• Conveyor Handling
• Car park Controlling
• Train Control Station System
ANY QUESTION ???
…..END…..

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5505ICBTME

Mechatronic Systems and Robotics

Ms. Sanjana Dias

• Used in computers, mobiles, etc.

• No other external components are needed for its

• Embedded technology is exclusively referred and embedded

• The process of the microcontroller is fixed according to its

• Washing machine: once the user sets the input parameters,

In Microcontrollers, all these parts are arranged on

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