M. PHARM.

PHARMACEUTICS (MPH)

SEMESTER-I

MODERN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES (MPH 101T)

Scope
This subject deals with various advanced analytical instrumental techniques for
identification, characterization and quantification of drugs. Instruments dealt are
NMR, Mass spectrometer, IR, HPLC, GC etc.
Objectives
After completion of course student is able to know,
➢ Chemicals and Excipients
➢ The analysis of various drugs in single and combination dosage forms
➢ Theoretical and practical skills of the instruments.

THEORY :-

60 HOURS
1. A. UV-Visible spectroscopy: Introduction, Theory, Laws, Instrumentation associated
with UV-Visible spectroscopy, Choice of solvents and solvent effect and Applications of
UV-Visible spectroscopy.
B. IR spectroscopy: Theory, Modes of Molecular vibrations, Sample handling,
Instrumentation of Dispersive and Fourier - Transform IR Spectrometer, Factors
affecting vibrational frequencies and Applications of IR spectroscopy
11Hrs
2. Spectroflourimetry: A. Theory of Fluorescence, Factors affecting fluorescence,
Quenchers, Instrumentation and Applications of fluorescence spectrophotometer.
B. Flame emission spectroscopy and Atomic absorption spectroscopy:
Principle, Instrumentation, Interferences and Applications.

3. NMR spectroscopy: Quantum numbers and their role in NMR, Principle,

Instrumentation, Solvent requirement in NMR, Relaxation process, NMR signals in
various compounds, Chemical shift, Factors influencing chemical shift, Spin-Spin
coupling, Coupling constant, Nuclear magnetic double resonance, Brief outline of
principles of FT-NMR and 13C NMR. Applications of NMR spectroscopy.

11 Hrs
4. Mass Spectroscopy: Principle, Theory, Instrumentation of Mass Spectroscopy,
Different types of ionization like electron impact, chemical, field, FAB and MALDI,
APCI, ESI, APPI Analyzers of Quadrupole and Time of Flight, Mass fragmentation and
its rules, Meta stable ions, Isotopic peaks and Applications of Mass spectroscopy.
11Hrs
1
5. Chromatography: Principle, apparatus, instrumentation, chromatographic
parameters, factors affecting resolution and applications of the following:
a) Paper chromatography
b) Thin Layer chromatography
c) Ion exchange chromatography
d) Column chromatography
e) Gas chromatography
f) High Performance Liquid chromatography
g) Affinity chromatography
11Hrs
6. Electrophoresis: Principle, Instrumentation, Working conditions, factors affecting
separation and applications of the following:
a) Paper electrophoresis
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) Capillary electrophoresis
d) Zone electrophoresis
e) Moving boundary electrophoresis
f) Iso electric focusing
X ray Crystallography: Production of X rays, Different X ray methods, Bragg‘s law,
Rotating crystal technique, X ray powder technique, Types of crystals and applications
of X-ray diffraction11Hrs

7. Immunological assays: RIA (Radio Immuno Assay), ELISA, Bioluminescence assays.

REFERENCES:-

1. Spectrometric Identification of Organic compounds - Robert M Silverstein, Sixth

edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
2. Principles of Instrumental Analysis - Doglas A Skoog, F. James Holler, Timothy A.
Nieman, 5th edition, Eastern press, Bangalore, 1998.
3. Instrumental methods of analysis – Willards, 7th edition, CBS publishers.
4. Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Beckett and Stenlake, Vol II, 4th edition, CBS
Publishers, New Delhi, 1997.
5. Organic Spectroscopy - William Kemp, 3rd edition, ELBS, 1991.

6. Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical formulation - P D Sethi, 3rd Edition,

CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 1997.

7. Pharmaceutical Analysis- Modern methods – Part B - J W Munson, Volume 11, Marcel

Dekker Series

2
 DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS (MPH102T)

SCOPE

This course is designed to impart knowledge on the area of advances in novel drug
delivery systems.
OBJECTIVES
Upon completion of the course, student shall be able to understand
• The various approaches for development of novel drug delivery systems.
• The criteria for selection of drugs and polymers for the development of
• The formulation and evaluation of Novel drug delivery systems.

THEORY: - 60Hrs
10Hrs
SR/CR formulation: Introduction & basic concepts, advantages/ disadvantages, factors
influencing, Physicochemical & biological approaches for SR/CR formulation,
Mechanism of Drug Delivery from SR/CR formulation. Polymers: introduction,
definition, classification, properties and application. Dosage Forms for Personalized
Medicine: Introduction, Definition, Pharmacogenetics, Categories of Patients for
Personalized Medicines: Customized drug delivery systems, Bioelectronics
Medicines,3D printing of pharmaceuticals, Telepharmacy.

2. Rate Controlled Drug Delivery Systems:

Principles & Fundamentals, Types, Activation; Modulated Drug Delivery Systems;
Mechanically activated, pH activated , Enzyme activated, and Osmotic activated Drug
Delivery Systems Feedback regulated Drug Delivery Systems; Principles &
Fundamentals .
10Hrs
3. Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery Systems:
Principle, concepts advantages and disadvantages,Modulation of GI transit time
approaches to extend GI transit. Buccal Drug Delivery Systems: Principle of muco
adhesion, advantages and disadvantages, Mechanism of drug permeation, Methods of
formulation and its evaluations. 10 Hrs

4. Occular Drug Delivery Systems:

Barriers of drug permeation, Methods to overcome barriers. Occular Drug Delivery
Systems 6 Hrs

5. Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems:

Structure of skin and barriers, Penetration enhancers, Transdermal Drug Delivery
Systems, Formulation and evaluation
10 Hrs

3
6. Protein and Peptide Delivery:
Barriers for protein delivery. Formulation and Evaluation of delivery systems of
proteins and other macromolecules. Enzyme immobilization
08Hrs

7. Vaccine delivery systems: Vaccines, uptake of antigens, single shot vaccines,

mucosal and transdermal delivery of vaccines. 06Hrs

REFERENCES

1. Y W. Chien, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, 2nd edition, revised and expanded, Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York, 1992.
2. Robinson, J. R., Lee V. H. L, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Marcel Dekker,Inc.,
New York, 1992.
3. Encyclopedia of controlled delivery, Editor- Edith Mathiowitz, Published by
WileyInterscience Publication, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New York!
Chichester/Weinheim
4. N.K. Jain, Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New
Delhi, First edition 1997 (reprint in 2001).
5. S.P.Vyas and R.K.Khar, Controlled Drug Delivery - concepts and advances, Vallabh
Prakashan, New Delhi, First edition 2002

JOURNALS
1. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPA)
2. Indian drugs (IDMA)
3. Journal of controlled release (Elsevier Sciences) desirable
4. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy (Marcel & Decker) desirable

4
 MODERN PHARMACEUTICS (MPH 103T)

Scope
Course designed to impart advanced knowledge and skills required to learn various
aspects and concepts at pharmaceutical industries

Objectives
Upon completion of the course, student shall be able to understand.
The elements of preformulation studies.
The Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Generic drug Product development.
Industrial Management and GMP Considerations.
Optimization Techniques & Pilot Plant Scale Up Techniques.
Stability Testing, sterilization process & packaging of dosage forms.

THEORY
60 Hrs
1. Preformulation Concepts – Drug Excipient interactions - different methods, kinetics
of stability, Stability testing. Theories of dispersion and pharmaceutical Dispersion
(Emulsion and Suspension, SMEDDS) preparation and stability Large and small
volume parental – physiological and formulation consideration, Manufacturing and
evaluation 10 Hrs

2. Optimization techniques in Pharmaceutical Formulation: Concept and parameters

of optimization, Optimization techniques in pharmaceutical formulation and
processing. Statistical design, Response surface method, Contour designs, Factorial
designs and application in formulation. 10 Hrs

3. Validation : Introduction to Pharmaceutical Validation, Scope & merits of Validation,

, Validation and calibration of Master plan, ICH & WHO guidelines for calibration and
validation of equipments, Validation of specific dosage form, Types of validation.
Government regulation, Manufacturing Process Model, URS, DQ, IQ, OQ & P.Q. of
facilities 10 Hrs
4. cGMP & Industrial Management: Objectives and policies of current good
manufacturing practices, layout of buildings, services, equipments and their
maintenance Production management: Production organization, , materials 42
management, handling and transportation, inventory management and control,
production and planning control, Sales forecasting, budget and cost control,
industrial and personal relationship. Concept of Total Quality Management.
10 Hrs
5. Compression and compaction: Physics of tablet compression, compression,
consolidation, effect of friction, distribution of forces, compaction profiles. Solubility
enhancement techniques. 10 Hrs
6. Study of consolidation parameters: Diffusion parameters, Dissolution parameters
and Pharmacokinetic parameters, Heckal plots, Similarity factors – f2 and f1, Higuchi

5
 and peppas plot, Linearity Concept of significance, Standard deviation , chi square
test , student T-test , ANOVA test.

REFERENCES :-

1. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, Lachmann and Libermann

2. Pharmaceutical dosage forms: Tablets Vol. 1-3 by Leon Lachmann.
3. Pharmaceutical Dosage forms: Disperse systems, Vol, 1-2; By Leon Lachmann.
4. Pharmaceutical Dosage forms: Parenteral medications Vol. 1-2; By Leon Lachmann.
5. Modern Pharmaceutics; By Gillbert and S. Banker.
6. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences.
7. Advances in Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 1-5; By H.S. Bean & A.H. Beckett.
8. Physical Pharmacy; By Alfred martin
9. Bentley’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics – Rawlins.
10. Good manufacturing practices for Pharmaceuticals: A plan for total quality control,
Second edition; By Sidney H. Willig.
11. Quality Assurance Guide; By Organization of Pharmaceutical producers of India.
12. Drug formulation manual; By D.P.S. Kohli and D.H.Shah. Eastern publishers, New
Delhi.
13. How to practice GMPs; By P.P.Sharma. Vandhana Publications, Agra.
14. Pharmaceutical Process Validation; By Fra. R. Berry and Robert A. Nash.
15. Pharmaceutical Preformulations; By J.J. Wells.
16. Applied production and operations management; By Evans, Anderson, Sweeney and
Williams.
17. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical technology, Vol I – III.

6
 REGULATORY AFFAIRS (MPH 104T)

Scope
Course designed to impart advanced knowledge and skills required to learn the concept of
generic drug and their development, various regulatory filings in different countries,
different phases of clinical trials and submitting regulatory documents: filing process
of IND, NDA and ANDA
To know the approval process of
To know the chemistry, manufacturing controls and their regulatory importance
To learn the documentation requirements for
To learn the importance and

Objectives:
• Upon completion of the course, it is expected that the students will be able to
understand

• The Concepts of innovator and generic drugs, drug development process

• The Regulatory guidance’s and guidelines for filing and approval process

• Preparation of Dossiers and their submission to regulatory agencies in different

countries

• Post approval regulatory requirements for actives and drug products

• Submission of global documents in CTD/ eCTD formats

• Clinical trials requirements for approvals for conducting clinical trials

• Pharmacovigilence and process of monitoring in clinical trials

THEORY 60 Hrs
1.
a. Documentation in Pharmaceutical industry: Master formula record, DMF (Drug
Master File), distribution records. Generic drugs product development Introduction ,
Hatch- Waxman act and amendments, CFR (CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATION) ,drug
product performance, in-vitro, ANDA regulatory approval process, NDA approval
process, BE and drug product assessment, in –vivo, scale up process approval
changes, post marketing surveillance, outsourcing BA and BE to CRO.
b. b. Regulatory requirement for product approval: API, biologics, novel, therapies
obtaining NDA, ANDA for generic drugs ways and means of US registration for foreign
drugs
12Hrs

2. CMC, post approval regulatory affairs. Regulation for combination products and
medical devices.CTD and ECTD format, industry and FDA liaison. ICH - Guidelines of
7
 ICH-Q1 and Q2 .Basic Regulatory requirements of EU, MHRA, TGA and ROW
countries.
12Hrs

3. Non clinical drug development: Global submission of IND, NDA, ANDA. Investigation of
medicinal products dossier, dossier (IMPD) and investigator brochure (IB).
12Hrs

4. Clinical trials: Developing clinical trial protocols. Institutional review board/

independent ethics committee Formulation and working procedures informed Consent
process and procedures. HIPAA- new, requirement to clinical study process,
pharmacovigilance safety monitoring in clinical trials.
12Hrs

REFERENCES
1. Generic Drug Product Development, Solid Oral Dosage forms, Leon Shargel and
IsaderKaufer,Marcel Dekker series, Vol.143
2. The Pharmaceutical Regulatory Process, Second Edition Edited by Ira R. Berry and
Robert P.Martin, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences,Vol.185, Informa Health
care Publishers.
3. New Drug Approval Process: Accelerating Global Registrations By Richard A Guarino,
MD,5th edition, Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences,Vol.190.
4. Guidebook for drug regulatory submissions / Sandy Weinberg. By John Wiley &
Sons.Inc.
5. FDA regulatory affairs: a guide for prescription drugs, medical devices, and
biologics/edited By Douglas J. Pisano, David Mantus.
6. Clinical Trials and Human Research: A Practical Guide to Regulatory Compliance By
Fay A.Rozovsky and Rodney K. Adams
7. www.ich.org/
8. www.fda.gov/
9. europa.eu/index_en.htm
10. https://www.tga.gov.au/tga-basics

8
Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical Techniques Practical – (MPH 105P)

1. Analysis of pharmacopoeial compounds and their formulations by UV Vis

spectrophotometer
2. Simultaneous estimation of multi component containing formulations by UV
spectrophotometer
3. Experiments based on HPLC
4. Experiments based on Gas Chromatography
5. Estimation of riboflavin/quinine sulphate by fluorimetry
6. Estimation of sodium/potassium by flame photometry

Pharmaceutics Practicals – I (MPH 106P)

1. To perform In-vitro dissolution profile of CR/ SR marketed formulation
2. Formulation and evaluation of sustained release matrix tablets
3. Formulation and evaluation osmotically controlled DDS
4. Preparation and evaluation of Floating DDS- hydro dynamically balanced DDS
5. Formulation and evaluation of Mucoadhesive tablets.
6. Formulation and evaluation of transdermal patches.
7. To carry out preformulation studies of tablets.
8. To study the effect of compressional force on tablets disintegration time.
9. To study Micromeritic properties of powders and granulation.
10. To study the effect of particle size on dissolution of a tablet.
11. To study the effect of binders on dissolution of a tablet.
12. To plot Heckal plot, Higuchi and peppas plot and determine similarity factors

9
 M.PHARM(PHARMACEUTICS)
SEMESTER-II

MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS(NANO TECHNOLOGY & TARGETED DDS) (NTDS)

(MPH 201T)

Scope
This course is designed to impart knowledge on the area of advances in novel drug
delivery systems.
Objectives

Upon completion of the course student shall be able to understand

• The various approaches for development of novel drug delivery systems.

• The criteria for selection of drugs and polymers for the development of NTDS
• The formulation and evaluation of novel drug delivery systems.

THEORY 60 Hrs

1. Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Concepts, Events and biological process involved in
drug targeting. Tumor targeting and Brain specific delivery. Potential target
diseases for gene therapy (inherited disorder and cancer). Knowledge of therapeutic
antisense molecules and aptamers as drugs of future. 12Hrs
2. Targeting Methods: introduction preparation and evaluation. Nanoparticles &
Liposomes: Types, preparation and evaluation. 12 Hrs
3. Micro Capsules / Micro Spheres: Types, preparation and evaluation , Monoclonal
Antibodies ; preparation and application, preparation and application of
Niosomes, Aquasomes, Phytosomes, Electrosomes. 12Hrs
4. Pulmonary Drug Delivery Systems : Aerosols, propellents, Containers Types,
preparation and evaluation, Intra Nasal Route Delivery systems; Types, preparation
and evaluation. 12Hrs

5. Nucleic acid based therapeutic delivery system: Gene therapy, introduction (ex-vivo &
in-vivo gene therapy). Gene expression systems (viral and nonviral gene
transfer). Liposomal gene delivery systems. Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics.
12 Hrs

REFERENCES

1. Y W. Chien, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, 2nd edition, revised and expanded,Marcel
Dekker, Inc., New York, 1992.
2. S.P.Vyas and R.K.Khar, Controlled Drug Delivery - concepts and advances,
VallabhPrakashan, New Delhi, First edition 2002.
3. N.K. Jain, Controlled and Novel Drug Delivery, CBS Publishers & Distributors,
NewDelhi, First edition 1997 (reprint in 2001).
10
 ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS (MPH 202T)

Scope
This course is designed to impart knowledge and skills necessary for dose calculations,
dose adjustments and to apply biopharmaceutics theories in practical problem
solving. Basic theoretical discussions of the principles of biopharmaceutics and
pharmacokinetics are provided to help the students’ to clarify the concepts.

Objectives

Upon completion of this course it is expected that students will be able understand,
• The basic concepts in biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics.
• The use raw data and derive the pharmacokinetic models and parameters the best
describe the process of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination.
• The critical evaluation of biopharmaceutic studies involving drug product equivalency.
• The design and evaluation of dosage regimens of the drugs using pharmacokinetic
and biopharmaceutic parameters.
• The potential clinical pharmacokinetic problems and application of basics of
pharmacokinetic
THEORY 60 Hrs

1. Drug Absorption from the Gastrointestinal Tract: Gastrointestinal tract, Mechanism of

drug absorption, Factors affecting drug absorption, pH–partition theory of drug
absorption. Formuulation and physicochemical factors: Dissolution rate, Dissolution
process, Noyes–Whitney equation and drug dissolution, Factors affecting the
dissolution rate. Gastrointestinal absorption , ,Formulation and processing factors,
Correlation of in vivo data with in vitro dissolution data.Transport model:
Permeability-Solubility-Charge State and the pH Partition Hypothesis, Properties of
the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT), pH Microclimate Intracellular pH Environment, Tight-
Junction Complex.
12Hrs

2 Biopharmaceutic considerations in drug product design and In Vitro Drug Product

Performance: Introduction, biopharmaceutic factors affecting drug bioavailability,
rate-limiting steps in drug absorption, physicochemical nature of the drug formulation
factors affecting drug product performance, in vitro: dissolution and drug release
testing, compendial methods of dissolution, alternative methods of dissolution testing
,meeting dissolution requirements, problems of variable control in dissolution testing
performance of drug products. In vitro–in vivo correlation, dissolution profile
comparisons, drug product stability, considerations in the design of a drug product.

12Hrs
2. Pharmacokinetics: Basic considerations, pharmacokinetic models, compartment
modeling: one compartment model- IV bolus, IV infusion, extra-vascular. Multi
compartment model:two compartment - model in brief, non-linear pharmacokinetics:
cause of non-linearity, Michaelis – Menten equation, estimation of kmax and vmax.
Drug interactions: introduction, the effect of protein- binding interactions,the effect of
11
 tissue-binding interactions, cytochrome p450-based drug interactions, drug
interactions linked to transporters.
12Hrs

3. Drug Product Performance, In Vivo: Bioavailability and Bioequivalence: drug product

performance, purpose of bioavailability studies, relative and absolute availability.
methods for assessing bioavailability, bioequivalence studies, design and evaluation of
bioequivalence studies, study designs, crossover study designs, evaluation of the data,
bioequivalence example, study submission and drug review process.
biopharmaceutics classification system, methods. Permeability: In-vitro, in-situ and
In-vivo methods.generic biologics (biosimilar drug products),clinical significance of
bioequivalence studies, special concerns in bioavailability and bioequivalence studies,
generic substitution.

12Hrs

5 Application of Pharmacokinetics: Modified-Release Drug Products, Targeted Drug

Delivery Systems and Biotechnological Products. Introduction to Pharmacokinetics
and pharmacodynamic, drug interactions. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
of biotechnology drugs. Introduction, Proteins and peptides, Monoclonal antibodies,
Oligonucleotides, Vaccines (immunotherapy), Gene therapies.

12Hrs
REFERENCES

1. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics by Milo Gibaldi,

4thedition,Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1991
2. Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, A. Treatise, D .M. Brahmankar and Sunil B.
Jaiswal., VallabPrakashan, Pitampura, Delhi
3. Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics by Shargel. Land YuABC,
2ndedition, Connecticut Appleton Century Crofts, 1985
4. Textbook of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Dr. Shobha Rani
R.Hiremath,Prism Book
5. Pharmacokinetics by Milo Gibaldi and D. Perrier, 2nd edition, Marcel Dekker Inc.,New
York, 1982
6. Current Concepts in Pharmaceutical Sciences: Biopharmaceutics, Swarbrick. J,
Leaand Febiger, Philadelphia, 1970
7. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Concepts and Applications 3rd edition by MalcolmRowland
and Thom~ N. Tozer, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1995
8. Dissolution, Bioavailability and Bioequivalence, Abdou. H.M, Mack
PublishingCompany, Pennsylvania 1989
9. Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacokinetics, An Introduction, 4 th edition,revised
and expande by Robert. E. Notari, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York and
Basel,1987.
10. Biopharmaceutics and Relevant Pharmacokinetics by John. G Wagner and
M.Pemarowski, 1st edition, Drug Intelligence Publications, Hamilton,
Illinois, 1971.
11. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, Vol 13, James Swarbrick, James.
G.Boylan, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 1996.
12. Basic Pharmacokinetics,1 st edition,Sunil S JambhekarandPhilip
JBreen,pharmaceutical press, RPS Publishing,2009.
12
13. Absorption and Drug Development- Solubility, Permeability, and Charge State, Alex
Avdeef, John Wiley & Sons, Inc,2003.

COMPUTER AIDED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS (MPH 203T)

Scope

This course is designed to impart knowledge and skills necessary for computer
Applications in pharmaceutical research and development who want to understand
the application of computers across the entire drug research and development
process. Basic theoretical discussions of the principles of more integrated and
coherent use of computerized information (informatics) in the drug development
process are provided to help the students to clarify the concepts.

Objectives :-

Upon completion of this course it is expected that students will be able to understand,
History of Computers in Pharmaceutical Research and Development
Computational Modeling of Drug Disposition
Computers in Preclinical Development
Optimization Techniques in Pharmaceutical Formulation
Computers in Market Analysis
Computers in Clinical Development
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
60Hrs
12Hrs

1- a. Computers in Pharmaceutical Research and Development: A General Overview:

Statistical modeling in Pharmaceutical research and development: Descriptive versus
Mechanistic Modeling, Statistical Parameters, Estimation, Confidence Regions,
Nonlinearity at the Optimum, Sensitivity Analysis, Optimal Design, Population
Modeling.
b. Quality-by-Design In Pharmaceutical Development: Introduction, ICH Q8 guideline,
Regulatory and industry views on QbD, Scientifically based QbD - examples of
application.

2- Computer-aided formulation development:: Concept of optimization, Optimization

parameters, Factorial design, Optimization technology & Screening design.
Computers in Pharmaceutical Formulation:
3.Development of pharmaceutical emulsions, microemulsion drug carriers Legal
Protection of Innovative Uses of Computers in R&D, The Ethics of Computing in
Pharmaceutical Research, Computers in Market analysis.

4.- Computer-aided biopharmaceutical characterization: basic principles of

Gastrointestinal absorption simulation. In vitro dissolution and in vitro in vivo
correlation, Biowaiver considerations
5. Computer Simulations in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Introduction,
Computer Simulation: Whole Organism, Isolated Tissues, Organs, Cell, Proteins and
Genes.
c. Computers in Clinical Development: Clinical Data Collection and Management,
Regulation of Computer Systems
13
REFERENCES :-

1- Computer Applications in Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Sean Ekins,

2006, John Wiley & Sons.
2- Computer-Aided Applications in Pharmaceutical Technology, 1st Edition, Jelena Djuris,
Woodhead Publishing
3- Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, Vol 13, James Swarbrick, James.
G.Boylan, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 1996.

COSMETICS AND COSMECEUTICALS (MPH 204T)

Scope

This course is designed to impart knowledge and skills necessary forth fundamental need
for cosmetic and cosmeceutical products.

Objectives
Upon completion of the course, the students shall be able to understand

Key ingredients used in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals.

Key building blocks for various formulations.
Current technologies in the market
Various key ingredients and basic science to develop cosmetics and cosmeceuticals
Scientific knowledge to develop cosmetics and cosmeceuticals with desired Safety,
stability, and efficacy.

THEORY 60 Hrs

1- Cosmetics – Regulatory : Definition of cosmetic products as per Indian regulation.

Indian regulatory requirements for labeling of cosmetics Regulatory provisions relating
to import of cosmetics., Misbranded and spurious cosmetics. Regulatory provisions
relating to manufacture of cosmetics – Conditions for obtaining license, prohibition of
manufacture and sale of certain cosmetics, loan license, offences and penalties. 12Hrs

2- Cosmetics - Biological aspects : Structure of skin relating to problems like dry skin,
acne, pigmentation, prickly heat, wrinkles and body odor. Structure of hair and hair
growth cycle. Common problems associated with oral cavity. Cleansing and care needs
for face, eye lids, lips, hands, feet, nail, scalp, neck, body and under-arm.
12Hrs
3- Formulation Building blocks: Building blocks for different product formulations of
cosmetics/cosmeceuticals. Surfactants –Classification and application. Emollients,
rheological additives: classification and application. Antimicrobial used as
preservatives, their merits and demerits. Factors affecting microbial preservative
efficacy. Building blocks for formulation of a moisturizing cream, vanishing cream,
cold cream, shampoo and toothpaste. Soaps and syndetbars. Perfumes; Classification
of perfumes. Perfume ingredients listed as allergens in EU regulation. Controversial
ingredients: Parabens, formaldehyde liberators, dioxane. 12Hrs

14
4-Design of cosmeceutical products: Sun protection, sunscreens classification and
regulatory aspects. Addressing dry skin, acne, sun-protection, pigmentation, prickly
heat, wrinkles, body odor., dandruff, dental cavities, bleeding gums, mouth odor and
sensitive teeth through cosmeceutical formulations. 12Hrs

5- Herbal Cosmetics : Herbal ingredients used in Hair care, skin care and oral care.
Review of guidelines for herbal cosmetics by private bodies like cosmos with respect to
preservatives, emollients, foaming agents, emulsifiers and rheology modifiers.
Challenges in formulating herbal cosmetics. 12Hrs

REFERENCES :-

1. Harry’s Cosmeticology. 8th edition.

2. Poucher’sperfumecosmeticsandSoaps,10th edition.
3. Cosmetics - Formulation, Manufacture and quality control, PP.Sharma,4th edition
4. Handbook of cosmetic science and Technology A.O.Barel, M.Paye and H.I. Maibach. 3
rd edition
5. Cosmetic and Toiletries recent suppliers catalogue.
6. CTFA directory.

PHARMACEUTICS PRACTICALS – II (MPH 205P)

1) To study the effect of temperature change , non solvent addition, incompatible

polymer addition in microcapsules preparation
2) Preparation and evaluation of Alginate beads
3) Formulation and evaluation of gelatin /albumin microspheres
4) Formulation and evaluation of liposomes/niosomes
5) Formulation and evaluation of spherules
6) Improvement of dissolution characteristics of slightly soluble drug by Solid dispersion
technique.
7) Comparison of dissolution of two different marketed products /brands
8) Protein binding studies of a highly protein bound drug & poorly protein bound drug
9) Bioavailability studies of Paracetamol in animals.
10) Pharmacokinetic and IVIVC data analysis by WinnolineR software

PHARMACEUTICS PRACTICALS – III (MPH 206P)

1) In vitro cell studies for permeability and metabolism

2) DoE Using Design Expert® Software
3) Formulation data analysis Using Design Expert® Software
4) Quality-by-Design in Pharmaceutical Development
5) Computer Simulations in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
6) Computational Modeling Of Drug Disposition
7) To develop Clinical Data Collection manual
8) To carry out Sensitivity Analysis, and Population Modeling.
9) Development and evaluation of Creams
15
10) Development and evaluation of Shampoo and Toothpaste base
11) To incorporate herbal and chemical actives to develop products
12) To address Dry skin, acne, blemish, Wrinkles, bleeding gums and dandruff

M.PHARM(PHARMACOLOGY)
SEMESTER-I

PHARMACOLOGY (MPL)

MODERN PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES(MPL 101T)

Scope
This subject deals with various advanced analytical instrumental techniques for
identification, characterization and quantification of drugs. Instruments dealt are
NMR, Mass spectrometer, IR, HPLC, GC etc.

Objective

After completion of course student is able to know about,

Chemicals and Excipients
The analysis of various drugs in single and combination dosage forms
Theoretical and practical skills of the instruments

THEORY :-

60 HOURS

1. A. UV-Visible spectroscopy: Introduction, Theory, Laws, Instrumentation associated

with UV-Visible spectroscopy, Choice of solvents and solvent effect and Applications of
UV-Visible spectroscopy.

B IR spectroscopy: Theory, Modes of Molecular vibrations, Sample handling,

Instrumentation of Dispersive and Fourier - Transform IR Spectrometer, Factors
affecting vibrational frequencies and Applications of IR spectroscopy
11Hrs

16
 2. Spectroflourimetry: A. Theory of Fluorescence, Factors affecting fluorescence,
Quenchers, Instrumentation and Applications of fluorescence spectrophotometer.
B. Flame emission spectroscopy and Atomic absorption spectroscopy:
Principle, Instrumentation, Interferences and Applications.

3. NMR spectroscopy: Quantum numbers and their role in NMR, Principle,

Instrumentation, Solvent requirement in NMR, Relaxation process, NMR signals in
various compounds, Chemical shift, Factors influencing chemical shift, Spin-Spin
coupling, Coupling constant, Nuclear magnetic double resonance, Brief outline of
principles of FT-NMR and 13C NMR. Applications of NMR spectroscopy.

11 Hrs
4. Mass Spectroscopy: Principle, Theory, Instrumentation of Mass Spectroscopy,
Different types of ionization like electron impact, chemical, field, FAB and MALDI,
APCI, ESI, APPI Analyzers of Quadrupole and Time of Flight, Mass fragmentation and
its rules, Meta stable ions, Isotopic peaks and Applications of Mass spectroscopy.
11Hrs

5. Chromatography: Principle, apparatus, instrumentation, chromatographic

parameters, factors affecting resolution and applications of the following:
a) Paper chromatography
b) Thin Layer chromatography
c) Ion exchange chromatography
d) Column chromatography
e) Gas chromatography
f) High Performance Liquid chromatography
g) Affinity chromatography
11Hrs
6. Electrophoresis: Principle, Instrumentation, Working conditions, factors affecting
separation and applications of the following:
a) Paper electrophoresis
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) Capillary electrophoresis
d) Zone electrophoresis
e) Moving boundary electrophoresis
f) Iso electric focusing
X ray Crystallography: Production of X rays, Different X ray methods, Bragg‘s law,
Rotating crystal technique, X ray powder technique, Types of crystals and applications
of X-ray diffraction11Hrs

7. Immunological assays: RIA (Radio immuno assay), ELISA, Bioluminescence assays.

REFERENCES :-

1- Spectrometric Identification of Organic compounds - Robert M Silverstein, Sixth

edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
17
2- Principles of Instrumental Analysis - Doglas A Skoog, F. James Holler, Timothy A.
Nieman, 5th edition, Eastern press, Bangalore, 1998.
3- Instrumental methods of analysis – Willards, 7th edition, CBS publishers.
4- Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry – Beckett and Stenlake, Vol II, 4thedition, CBS
Publishers, New Delhi, 1997.
5- Organic Spectroscopy - William Kemp, 3rd edition, ELBS, 1991.
6- Quantitative Analysis of Drugs in Pharmaceutical formulation - P D Sethi, 3rd Edition,
CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 1997.
7- Pharmaceutical Analysis - Modern Methods – Part B - J W Munson, Vol 11, Marcel.
Dekker Series
8. Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, 2nd edn., P.S/Kalsi, Wiley estern Ltd., Delhi.
9. Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis, KA.Connors, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons,
1982.

ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY - I(MPL 102T)

Scope

The subject is designed to strengthen the basic knowledge in the field of pharmacology
and to impart recent advances in the drugs used for the treatment of various diseases. In
addition, this subject helps the students to understand the concepts of drug action and
mechanisms involved

Objectives
Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to :
Discuss the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of certain diseases
Explain the mechanism of drug actions at cellular and molecular level
Understand the adverse effects, contraindications and clinical uses of drugs used in
treatment of diseases.

THEORY 60 Hrs
1. General Pharmacology
a. Pharmacokinetics: The dynamics of drug absorption, distribution, biotransformation
and elimination. Concepts of linear and non-linear compartment models. Significance
of Protein binding.

b. Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism of drug action and the relationship between drug

concentration and effect. Receptors, structural and functional families of receptors,
quantitation of drug receptors interaction and elicited effects. 12Hrs

2. Neurotransmission
a. General aspects and steps involved in neurotransmission.
b. Neurohumoral transmission in autonomic nervous system (Detailed study about
neurotransmitters- Adrenaline and Acetyl choline).
c. Neurohumoral transmission in central nervous system (Detailed study about
neurotransmitters- histamine, serotonin, dopamine, GABA, glutamate and glycine].
d. Non adrenergic non cholinergic transmission (NANC). Cotransmission Systemic
Pharmacology

18
 A detailed study on pathophysiology of diseases, mechanism of action, pharmacology and
toxicology of existing as well as novel drugs used in the following systems Autonomic
Pharmacology Parasympathomimetics and lytics, sympathomimetics and lytics, agents
affecting neuromuscular junction 12Hrs

3. Central nervous system Pharmacology

General and local anesthetics, Sedatives and hypnotics, drugs used to treat anxiety.
Depression, psychosis, mania, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases. Narcotic and non-
narcotic analgesics. 12Hrs

4. Cardiovascular Pharmacology
Diuretics, antihypertensives, antiischemics, anti- arrhythmics,drugs for heart failure and
hyperlipidemia.
Hematinics, coagulants , anticoagulants, fibrinolytics and antiplatelet drugs 12Hrs

5. Autocoid Pharmacology
The physiological and pathological role of Histamine, Serotonin, Kinins Prostaglandins
Opioid autocoids. Pharmacology of antihistamines, 5HT antagonists.
12Hrs

REFEERENCES

1. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Goodman and Gillman‘s

2. Principles of Pharmacology. The Pathophysiologic basis of drug Therapy by David E
Golan, Armen H, Tashjian Jr, Ehrin J,Armstrong, April W,Armstrong, Wolters,
Kluwer-Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers.
3. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology by B.G Katzung
4. Hand book of Clinical Pharmacokinetics by Gibaldi and Prescott.
5. Applied biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics by Leon Shargel and Andrew B.C.Yu.
6. Graham Smith. Oxford textbook of Clinical Pharmacology.
7. Avery Drug Treatment
8. Dipiro Pharmacology, Pathophysiological approach.
9. Green Pathophysiology for Pharmacists.
10. Robbins & Cortan Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th Ed. (Robbins Pathology)
11. A Complete Textbook of Medical Pharmacology by Dr. S.K Srivastava published by
APC Avichal Publishing Company
12. KD.Tripathi. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology.
13. Modern Pharmacology with Clinical Applications, Craig Charles R. & Stitzel Robert E.,
Lippincott Publishers.
14. Clinical Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics : Concepts and Applications –
Malcolm Rowland and Thomas N.Tozer, Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Publishers.
15. Applied biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug
metabolism for industrial scientists.
16. Modern Pharmacology, Craig CR. & Stitzel RE, Little Brown & Company.

19
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL SCREENING METHODS - I (MPL 103T)

Scope
This subject is designed to impart the knowledge on preclinical evaluation of drugs and
recent experimental techniques in the drug discovery and development. The subject
content helps the student to understand the maintenance of laboratory animals as per the
guidelines, basic knowledge of various in-vitro and in-vivo preclinical evaluation processes

Objectives
Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to,

Appraise the regulations and ethical requirement for the usage of experimental animals.
Describe the various animals used in the drug discovery process and good laboratory
practices in maintenance and handling of experimental animals
Describe the various newer screening methods involved in the drug discovery process
Appreciate and correlate the preclinical data to humans

THEORY 60 Hrs

1- Laboratory Animals Common laboratory animals: Description, handling and

applications of different species and strains of animals.
Transgenic animals: Production, maintenance and applications Anaesthesia and
euthanasia of experimental animals.Maintenance and breeding of laboratory animals.
CPCSEA guidelines to conduct experiments on animals Good laboratory practice.
Bioassay-Principle, scope and limitations and methods. 12Hrs

2- Preclinical screening of new substances for the pharmacological activity using in vivo,
in vitro, and other possible animal alternative models. General principles of preclinical
screening. CNS Pharmacology: behavioral and muscle co ordination, CNS stimulants
and depressants, anxiolytics, anti-psychotics, anti epileptics and nootropics. Drugs
for neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinsonism, Alzheimers and multiple sclerosis.
Drugs acting on Autonomic Nervous System. 12Hrs

3- Preclinical screening of new substances for the pharmacological activity using in vivo,
in vitro, and other possible animal alternative models.Respiratory Pharmacology: anti-
asthmatics, drugs for COPD and anti allergics. Reproductive Pharmacology:
Aphrodisiacs and antifertility agents Analgesics, antiinflammatory and antipyretic
agents. Gastrointestinal drugs: anti ulcer, anti -emetic, antidiarrheal and laxatives.
12Hrs

4- Preclinical screening of new substances for the pharmacological activity using in vivo,
in vitro, and other possible animal alternative models. Cardiovascular Pharmacology:
antihypertensives, antiarrythmics, antianginal, antiatherosclerotic agents and
diuretics. Drugs for metabolic disorders like anti-diabetic, antidyslipidemic agents.
Anti cancer agents. Hepatoprotective screening methods. 12Hrs

5- Preclinical screening of new substances for the pharmacological activity using in vivo,
in vitro, and other possible animal alternative models. Iimmunomodulators,
Immunosuppressants and immunostimulants General principles of immunoassay:
theoretical basis and optimization of immunoassay, heterogeneous and homogenous
immunoassay systems. Immunoassay methods evaluation;protocol outline, objectives
20
 and preparation. Immunoassay for digoxin and insulin Limitations of animal
experimentation and alternate animal experiments. Extrapolation of in vitro data to
preclinical and preclinical to humans 12Hrs

REFERENCES :-

1. Biological standardization by J.H. Burn D.J. Finney and I.G. Goodwin

2. Screening methods in Pharmacology by Robert Turner. A
3. Evaluation of drugs activities by Laurence and Bachrach
4. Methods in Pharmacology by Arnold Schwartz.
5. Fundamentals of experimental Pharmacology by M.N.Ghosh
6. Pharmacological experiment on intact preparations by Churchill Livingstone
7. Drug discovery and Evaluation by Vogel H.G.
8. Experimental Pharmacology by R.K.Goyal.
9. Preclinical evaluation of new drugs by S.K. Guta
10. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, SK.Kulkarni
11. Practical Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, SK.Kulkarni, 3rd Edition.
12. David R.Gross. Animal Models in Cardiovascular Research, 2nd Edition, Kluwer
Academic Publishers, London, UK.
13. Screening Methods in Pharmacology, Robert A.Turner.
14. Rodents for Pharmacological Experiments, Dr.Tapan Kumar chatterjee.
15. Practical Manual of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology by Bikash Medhi
(Author), Ajay Prakash (Author)

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY

(MPL 104T)

Scope:
The subject imparts a fundamental knowledge on the structure and functions of cellular
components and help to understand the interaction of these components with drugs. This
information will further help the student to apply the knowledgein drug discovery process.

Objectives:

Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to,

Explain the receptor signal transduction processes.
Explain the molecular pathways affected by drugs.
Appreciate the applicability of molecular pharmacology and biomarkers in drug
discovery process.
Demonstrate molecular biology techniques as applicable for pharmacology.

THEORY 60 Hrs

1- Cell biology:-Structure and functions of cell and its organelles Genome organization.
Gene expression and its regulation, importance of siRNA and micro RNA, gene mapping
and gene sequencing Cell cycles and its regulation.Cell death– events, regulators, intrinsic
and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Necrosis and autophagy. 12Hrs

2-Cell signaling :- Intercellular and intracellular signaling pathways. Classification of

receptor family and molecular structure ligand gated ion channels; G-protein coupled
receptors, tyrosine kinase receptors and nuclear receptors. Secondary messengers:
21
 cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, calcium ion, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, (IP3), NO, and
diacylglycerol. Detailed study of following intracellular signaling pathways: cyclic AMP
signaling pathway, itogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, Janus kinase
(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway.
12Hrs

3- Principles and applications of genomic and proteomic tools DNA electrophoresis, PCR
(reverse transcription and real time), Gene sequencing, micro array technique, SDS page,
ELISA and western blotting, Recombinant DNA technology and gene therapy Basic
principles of recombinant DNA technology-Restriction enzymes, various types of vectors.
Applications of recombinant DNA technology. Gene therapy- Various types of gene
transfer techniques, clinical applications and recent advances in gene therapy.
12Hrs

4-Pharmacogenomics :-Gene mapping and cloning of disease gene. Genetic variation and
its role in health/ pharmacology Polymorphisms affecting drug metabolism Genetic
variation in drug transporters Genetic variation in G protein coupled receptors
Applications of proteomics science: Genomics, proteomics, metabolomics,
functionomics, nutrigenomics Immunotherapeutics Types of immunotherapeutics,
humanisation antibody therapy, Immunotherapeutics in clinical practice.
12Hrs

5-a. Cell culture techniques Basic equipments used in cell culture lab. Cell culture media,
various types of cell culture, general procedure for cell cultures; isolation of cells,
subculture, cryopreservation, characterization of cells and their application. Principles
and applications of cell viability assays, glucose uptake assay, Calcium influx assays
Principles and applications of flow cytometry

b- Biosimilars 12Hrs

REFERENCES:

1. The Cell, A Molecular Approach. Geoffrey M Cooper.

2. Pharmacogenomics: The Search for Individualized Therapies. Edited by J. Licinio and M
-L. Wong
3. Handbook of Cell Signaling (Second Edition) Edited by Ralph A. et.al
4. Molecular Pharmacology: From DNA to Drug Discovery. John Dickenson et.al
5. Basic Cell Culture protocols by Cheril D.Helgason and Cindy L.Miller
6. Basic Cell Culture (Practical Approach ) by J. M. Davis (Editor)
7. Animal Cell Culture: A Practical Approach by John R. Masters (Editor)
8. Current porotocols in molecular biology vol I to VI edited by Frederick M.Ausuvel et la.

22
 Modern Pharmaceutical Analytical Techniques Practical (MPL10 5P)

1. Analysis of pharmacopoeial compounds and their formulations by UV Vis

spectrophotometer
2. Simultaneous estimation of multi component containing formulations by UV
spectrophotometry
3. Experiments based on HPLC
4. Experiments based on Gas Chromatography
5. Estimation of riboflavin/quinine sulphate by fluorimetry
6. Estimation of sodium/potassium by flame photometry.

Experimental pharmacology I (MPL 106P)

Handling of laboratory animals.

1. Various routes of drug administration.

2. Techniques of blood sampling, anesthesia and euthanasia of experimental animals.
3. Functional observation battery tests (modified Irwin test)
4. Evaluation of CNS stimulant, depressant, anxiogenics and anxiolytic, anticonvulsant
activity.
5. Evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, local anesthetic, mydriatic and miotic
activity.
6. Evaluation of diuretic activity.
7. Evaluation of antiulcer activity by pylorus ligation method.
8. Oral glucose tolerance test.
9. Isolation and identification of DNA from various sources (Bacteria, Cauliflower, onion,
Goat liver).
10. Isolation of RNA from yeast
11. Estimation of proteins by Braford/Lowry’s in biological samples.
12. Estimation of RNA/DNA by UV Spectroscopy
13. Gene amplification by PCR.
14. Protein quantification Western Blotting.
15. Enzyme based in-vitro assays (MPO, AChEs, α amylase, α glucosidase).
16. Cell viability assays (MTT/Trypan blue/SRB).
17. DNA fragmentation assay by agarose gel electrophoresis.
18. DNA damage study by Comet assay.
19. Apoptosis determination by fluorescent imaging studies.
20. Pharmacokinetic studies and data analysis of drugs given by different routes of
administration using softwares
21. Enzyme inhibition and induction activity
22. Extraction of drug from various biological samples and estimation of drugs in
biological fluids using different analytical techniques (UV)
23. Extraction of drug from various biological samples and estimation of drugs in
biological fluids using different analytical techniques (HPLC)

REFERENCES :-
1. CPCSEA, OECD, ICH, USFDA, Schedule Y, EPA guidelines,
2. Fundamentals of experimental Pharmacology by M.N.Ghosh
3. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology by S.K. Kulkarni.
4. Drug discovery and Evaluation by Vogel H.G.
5. Spectrometric Identification of Organic compounds - Robert M Silverstein,

23
6. Principles of Instrumental Analysis - Doglas A Skoog, F. James Holler, Timothy A.
Nieman,
7. Vogel‘s Text book of quantitative chemical analysis - Jeffery, Basset, Mendham,
Denney,
8. Basic Cell Culture protocols by Cheril D. Helgason and Cindy L.Mille
9. Basic Cell Culture (Practical Approach ) by J. M. Davis (Editor)
10. Animal Cell Culture: A Practical Approach by John R. Masters (Editor)
11. Practical Manual of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology by Bikash
Medhi(Author), Ajay Prakash (Author) Jaypee brothers’ medical publishers Pvt. Ltd.

M.PHARM(PHARMACOLOGY)
SEMESTER-II

ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY - II(MPL 201T)

Scope

The subject is designed to strengthen the basic knowledge in the field of pharmacology
and to impart recent advances in the drugs used for the treatment of various diseases. In
addition, the subject helps the student to understand the concepts of drug action and
mechanism involved

Objectives

Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to:

Explain the mechanism of drug actions at cellular and molecular level
Discuss the Pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of certain diseases
Understand the adverse effects, contraindications and clinical uses of drugs used in
treatment of diseases

THEORY 60 Hrs
1- Endocrine Pharmacology
Molecular and cellular mechanism of action of hormones such as growth hormone,
prolactin, thyroid, insulin and sex hormones Anti-thyroid drugs, Oral hypoglycemic
agents, Oral contraceptives, Corticosteroids. Drugs affecting calcium regulation.
12Hrs

2-Chemotherapy
Cellular and molecular mechanism of actions and resistance of antimicrobial agents such
as ß-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, Macrolide antibiotics. Antifungal, antiviral,
and anti-TB drugs. 12Hrs

3-Chemotherapy
Drugs used in Protozoal Infections, Drugs used in the treatment of Helminthiasis,
Chemotherapy of cancerImmunopharmacology. Cellular and biochemical mediators of
inflammation and immune response. Allergic or hypersensitivity reactions.
Pharmacotherapy of asthma and COPD. Immunosuppressants and Immunostimulants.
12Hrs

24
4-GIT Pharmacology
Antiulcer drugs, Prokinetics, antiemetics, anti-diarrheals and drugs for constipation
and irritable bowel syndrome.
Chronopharmacology
Biological and circadian rhythms, applications of chronotherapy in various diseases like
cardiovascular disease, diabetes, asthma and peptic ulcer.
12Hrs

5-Free radicals Pharmacology

Generation of free radicals, role of free radicals in etiopathology of
various diseases
such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
Protective activity of certain important antioxidant
Recent Advances in Treatment:
Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Cancer, Diabetes
Mellitus. 12Hrs

REFERENCES :-

1. The Pharmacological basis of therapeutics- Goodman and Gill man‘s

2. Principles of Pharmacology. The Pathophysiologic basis of drug therapy by David E
Golan et al.
3. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology by B.G -Katzung
4. Pharmacology by H.P. Rang and M.M. Dale.
5. Hand book of Clinical Pharmacokinetics by Gibaldi and Prescott.
6. Text book of Therapeutics, drug and disease management by E T. Herfindal and
Gourley.
7. Applied biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics by Leon Shargel and Andrew B.C.Yu.
8. Handbook of Essential Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism for
Industrial Scientists
9. Robbins & Cortan Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th Ed. (Robbins Pathology)
10. A Complete Textbook of Medical Pharmacology by Dr. S.K Srivastava published by
APC Avichal Publishing Company.
11. KD.Tripathi. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology
12. Principles of Pharmacology. The Pathophysiologic basis of drug Therapy by David E
Golan, Armen H, Tashjian Jr, Ehrin J,Armstrong, April W, Armstrong, Wolters,
Kluwer-Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers.

PHARMACOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL SCREENING METHODS-II (MPL 202T)

Scope:

This subject imparts knowledge on the preclinical safety and toxicological evaluation of drug &
new chemical entity. This knowledge will make the student competent in regulatory
toxicological evaluation.

Objectives:
Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to,
Explain the various types of toxicity studies.
Appreciate the importance of ethical and regulatory requirements for toxicity studies.
Demonstrate the practical skills required to conduct the preclinical toxicity studies.
25
 THEORY 60 Hrs

1- Basic definition and types of toxicology (general, mechanistic, regulatory and

descriptive) Regulatory guidelines for conducting toxicity studies OECD, ICH,
EPA and Schedule Y, OECD principles of Good laboratory practice (GLP)
History, concept and its importance in drug development. 12Hrs

2-Acute, sub-acute and chronic- oral, dermal and inhalationalstudies as per OECD
guidelines.Acute eye irritation, skin sensitization, dermal irritation & dermal
toxicity studies.Test item characterization- importance and methods in regulatory
toxicology studies. 12Hrs

3- Reproductive toxicology studies, Male reproductive toxicity studies, female reproductive

studies (segment I and segment III), teratogenecity studies (segment II) Genotoxicity
studies (Ames Test, in vitro and in vivo Micronucleus and Chromosomal aberrations
studies) In vivo carcinogenicity studies. 12Hrs

4- IND enabling studies (IND studies)- Definition of IND, importance of IND, industry
perspective, list of studies needed for IND submission. Safety pharmacology studies-
origin, concepts and importance of safety pharmacology. Tier1- CVS, CNS and
respiratory safety pharmacology, HERG assay. Tier2- GI, renal and other studies.
12Hrs

5- Toxicokinetics- Toxicokinetic evaluation in preclinical studies, saturation kinetics

Importance and applications of toxicokinetic studies. Alternative methods to animal
toxicity testing. 12Hrs

REFERENCES :-

1. Hand book on GLP, Quality practices for regulated non-clinical research and
development http://www.who.int/tdr/publications/documents/glphandbook.pdf).
2. Schedule Y Guideline: drugs and cosmetics (second amendment) rules, 2005, ministry
of health and family welfare department of health) New Delhi
3. Drugs from discovery to approval by Rick NG.
4. Animal Models in Toxicology, 3rd Edition, Lower and Bryan
5. OECD test guidelines.
6. Principles of toxicology by Karen E. Stine, Thomas M. Brown.
7. Guidance for Industry M3(R2) Nonclinical Safety Studies for the Conduct of Human
Clinical Trials and Marketing uthorization for Pharmaceuticals
(http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/guidancecomplianceregulatoryinformation/gu
idances/ucm073246.pdf)

26
 PRINCIPLES OF DRUG DISCOVERY (MPL 203T)

Scope:

The subject imparts basic knowledge of drug discovery process. This information will
make the student competent in drug discovery process.

Objectives:
Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to,
Explain the various stages of drug discovery.
Appreciate the importance of the role of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics in
drug discovery
Explain various targets for drug discovery.
Explain various lead seeking method and lead optimization
Appreciate the importance of the role of computer aided drug design in drug discovery

THEORY 60 Hrs.

1-An overview of modern drug discovery process: Target identification, target validation,
lead identification and lead Optimization. Economics of drug discovery. Target
Discovery and validation-Role of Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics. Role of
Nucleic acid microarrays, Protein microarrays, Antisense technologies, siRNAs,
antisense oligonucleotides, Zinc finger proteins. Role of transgenic animals in target
validation. 12Hrs

2- Lead Identification- combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening, in silico

lead discovery techniques, Assay development for hit identification.Protein structure
Levels of protein structure, Domains, motifs, and folds in protein structure.
Computational prediction of protein structure: Threading and homology modeling
methods. Application of NMR and X-ray crystallography in protein structure
prediction. 12Hrs

3- Rational Drug DesignTraditional vs rational drug design, Methods followed in

traditional drug design, High throughput screening, Concepts of Rational Drug
Design, Rational Drug Design Methods: Structure and Pharmacophore based
approaches Virtual Screening techniques: Drug likeness screening, Concept of
pharmacophore mapping and pharmacophore based Screening, 12Hrs

4. Screening. De novo drug design. Quantitative analysis of Structure Activity

Relationship History and development of QSAR, SAR versus QSAR, Physicochemical
parameters, Hansch analysis, Fee Wilson analysis and relationship between them.

12Hrs
5- QSAR Statistical methods – regression analysis, partial least square analysis (PLS)
and other multivariate statistical methods. 3D-QSAR approaches like COMFA and
COMSIA Prodrug design-Basic concept, Prodrugs to improve patient acceptability,
Drug solubility, Drug absorption and distribution, site specific drug delivery and

27
 sustained drug action. Rationale of prodrug design and practical consideration of
prodrug design. 12Hrs

REFERENCES :-

1- MouldySioud. Target Discovery and Validation Reviews and Protocols:- Volume 2

Emerging Molecular Targetsand Treatment Options. 2007 Humana Press Inc.
2- Darryl León. Scott MarkelIn. Silico Technologies in Drug Target Identification and
Validation. 2006 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
3- Johanna K. DiStefano. Disease Gene Identification. Methods and Protocols. Springer
New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London.
4- Hugo Kubiny. QSAR: Hansch Analysis and Related Approaches. Methods and
Principles in Medicinal Chemistry. Publisher Wiley-VCH
5- Klaus Gubernator, Hans-Joachim Böhm. Structure-Based Ligand Design. Methods and
Principles in Medicinal Chemistry. Publisher Wiley-VCH
6- Abby L . Parrill. M . Rami Reddy. Rational Drug Design. Novel Methodology and
Practical Applications. ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society:
Washington, DC, 1999.
7- J. Rick Turner. New drug development design, methodology and, analysis. John Wiley
& Sons, Inc., New Jersey.

CLINICAL RESEARCH AND PHARMACOVIGILANCE (MPL 204T)

Scope:

This subject will provide a value addition and current requirement for the students in
clinical research and pharmacovigilance. It will teach the students on conceptualizing,
designing, conducting, managing and reporting of clinical trials. This subject also
focuses on global scenario of Pharmacovigilance in different methods that can be used
to generate safety data. It will teach the students in developing drug safety data in
Pre-clinical, Clinical phases of Drug development
and post market surveillance.

Objectives:

Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to,

Explain the regulatory requirements for conducting clinical trial
Demonstrate the types of clinical trial designs
Explain the responsibilities of key players involved in clinical trials
Execute safety monitoring, reporting and close-out activities
Explain the principles of Pharmacovigilance
Detect new adverse drug reactions and their assessment
Perform the adverse drug reaction reporting systems and communication in
Pharmacovigilancess.

THEORY 60 Hrs

1- Regulatory Perspectives of Clinical Trials:Origin and Principles of International

Conference on Harmonization - Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP) guidelines Ethical
Committee: Institutional Review Board, Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research
and Human Participant- Schedule Y, ICMR Informed Consent Process: Structure and

28
 content of an Informed Consent Process Ethical principles governing informed consent
process 12Hrs

2- Clinical Trials: Types and Design Experimental Study- RCT and Non RCT, Observation
Study: Cohort, Case Control, Cross sectional Clinical Trial Study Team Roles and
responsibilities of Clinical Trial Personnel: Investigator, Study Coordinator, Sponsor,
Contract Research Organization and its management. 12Hrs

3- Clinical Trial Documentation- Guidelines to the preparation of documents, Preparation

of protocol, Investigator Brochure, Case Report Forms, Clinical Study Report Clinical
Trial Monitoring-Safety Monitoring in CT Adverse Drug Reactions: Definition and
types. Detection and reporting methods. Severity and seriousness
assessment.Predictability and preventability assessment, Management of adverse
drug reactions; Terminologies of ADR. 12Hrs

4- Basic aspects, terminologies and establishment of pharmacovigilance History and

progress of pharmacovigilance, Significance of safety monitoring, Pharmacovigilance
in India and international aspects, WHO international drug monitoring programme,
WHO and Regulatory terminologies of ADR, evaluation of medication safety,
Establishing pharmacovigilance centres in Hospitals, Industry and National
programmes related to pharmacovigilance. Roles and responsibilities in
Pharmacovigilance. 12Hrs

5- Methods, ADR reporting and tools used in Pharmacovigilance International

classification of diseases, International Nonproprietary names for drugs, Passive and
Active surveillance, Comparative observational studies, Targeted clinical investigations
and Vaccine safety surveillance. Spontaneous reporting system and Reporting to
regulatory authorities, Guidelines for ADRs reporting. Argus, Aris G
Pharmacovigilance, VigiFlow, Statistical methods for evaluating medication safety
data. 6 Pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacoeconomics, safety pharmacology 12Hrs

REFERENCES

1- Central Drugs Standard Control Organization- Good Clinical Practices, Guidelines for
Clinical Trials on Pharmaceutical Products in India. New Delhi: Ministry of
Health;2001.
2- International Conference on Harmonization of Technical requirements for registration
of Pharmaceuticals for human use. ICH Harmonized Tripartite Guideline. Guideline
for Good Clinical Practice.E6; May 1996.
3- Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research on Human Subjects 2000. Indian Council
of Medical Research, New Delhi.
4- Textbook of Clinical Trials edited by David Machin, Simon Day and Sylvan Green,
March 2005, John Wiley and Sons.
5- Clinical Data Management edited by R K Rondels, S A Varley, C F Webbs. Second
Edition, Jan 2000, Wiley Publications.
6- Handbook of clinical Research. Julia Lloyd and Ann Raven Ed. Churchill Livingstone.
7- Principles of Clinical Research edited by Giovanna di Ignazio, Di Giovanna and Haynes.

29
 Experimental Pharmacology - II
(MPL 205P)

1- To record the DRC of agonist using suitable isolated tissues preparation.

2- To study the effects of antagonist/potentiating agents on DRC of agonist using suitable
isolated tissue preparation.
3- To determine to the strength of unknown sample by matching bioassay by using
suitable tissue preparation.
4- To determine to the strength of unknown sample by interpolation bioassay by using
suitable tissue preparation
5- To determine to the strength of unknown sample by bracketing bioassay by using
suitable tissue preparation
6- To determine to the strength of unknown sample by multiple point bioassay by using
suitable tissue preparation.
7- Estimation of PA2 values of various antagonists using suitable isolated tissue
preparations.
8- To study the effects of various drugs on isolated heart preparations
9- Recording of rat BP, heart rate and ECG.
10- Recording of rat ECG

Advanced pharmacology II Practical

(MPL 206P)

1) Drug absorption studies by averted rat ileum preparation.

2) Acute oral toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines.
3) Acute dermal toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines.
4) Repeated dose toxicity studies- Serum biochemical, haematological, urine analysis,
functional observation tests and histological studies.
5) Drug mutagenicity study using mice bone-marrow chromosomal aberration test.
6) Protocol design for clinical trial.(3 Nos.)
7) Design of ADR monitoring protocol.
8) In-silico docking studies. (2 Nos.)
9) In-silico pharmacophore based screening.
10) In-silico QSAR studies.
11) ADR reporting

REFERENCES :-

1- Fundamentals of experimental Pharmacology-by M.N.Ghosh

2- Hand book of Experimental Pharmacology-S.K.Kulakarni
3- Text book of in-vitro practical Pharmacology by Ian Kitchen
4- Bioassay Techniques for Drug Development by Atta-ur-Rahman, Iqbal choudhary and
William Thomsen
5- Applied Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics by Leon Shargel and Andrew B.C.Yu.
6- Handbook of Essential Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism for
Industrial Scientists.

30
 M.PHARM (Pharmacology) and M.PHARM(Pharmaceutics)
SEMESTER-III
MPL-301T&MPH – 301T (Research Methodology and Biostatistics)

UNIT – I

General Research Methodology: Research, objective, requirements, practical difficulties,

review of literature, study design, types of studies, strategies to eliminate errors/bias,
controls, randomization, crossover design, placebo, blinding techniques.

UNIT – II
Biostatistics: Definition, application, sample size, importance of sample size, factors
influencing sample size, dropouts, statistical tests of significance, type of significance
tests, parametric tests(students “t” test, ANOVA, Correlation coefficient, regression),
non-parametric tests (wilcoxan rank tests, analysis of variance, correlation, chi square
test), null hypothesis, P values, degree of freedom, interpretation of P values.

UNIT – III
Medical Research: History, values in medical ethics, autonomy, beneficence, non-
maleficence, double effect, conflicts between autonomy and beneficence/non-
maleficence, euthanasia, informed consent, confidentiality, criticisms of orthodox
medical ethics, importance of communication, control resolution, guidelines, ethics
committees, cultural concerns, truth telling, online business practices, conflicts of
interest, referral, vendor relationships, treatment of family members, sexual
relationships, fatality.

UNIT – IV
CPCSEA guidelines for laboratory animal facility: Goals, veterinary care, quarantine,
surveillance, diagnosis, treatment and control of disease, personal hygiene, location of
animal facilities to laboratories, anesthesia, euthanasia, physical facilities,
environment, animal husbandry, record keeping, SOPs, personnel and training,
transport of lab animals.

UNIT – V
Declaration of Helsinki: History, introduction, basic principles for all medical research,
and additional principles for medical research combined with medical care.

31