Answer Key

1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. A
7. D 8. B 9. A 10. D 11. D 12. D
13. D 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. A 18. A
19. C 20. C 21. 4.00 22. 12.00 23. 10.00 24. 15.00
25. 3.00 26. 05.00 27. 2.00 28. 40.00 29. 200.00 30. 4.00
31. D 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. D
37. A 38. B 39. C 40. D 41. D 42. B
43. C 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. A 48. B
49. A 50. D 51. 2.00 52. 6000 53. 5.00 54. 2.00
55. 20.00 56. 2.50 57. 14.00 58. 2.58 59. 40.00 60. 6.00
61. B 62. B 63. B 64. D 65. D 66. B
67. B 68. B 69. B 70. C 71. D 72. B
73. C 74. C 75. A 76. B 77. D 78. B
79. A 80. C 81. 9.00 82. 0.00 83. 2.00 84. 10.00
85. 1210.00 86. 2.00 87. 100.00 88. 16.00 89. 4.00 90. 8.00
 Solutions

1. (B)
v2 = u2 − 2gh

v = 0at maximum height

u2
h= 2g

2. (D)
The separation between the two bodies, two seconds after the release of second body
= 12 × 10[(3)2 − (2)2 ] = 25 m

3. (D)
x-axis → Time
y-axis → Velocity

4. (A)
Since total displacement is zero, hence average velocity is also zero.

5. (C)
Both the lines in the s-t graph are straight lines so P and Q both are moving with uniform velocity. and slope of P
is more so it has more speed.

6. (A)

I = ∫ (x3 + 5) dx

x4
⇒I= 4
+ 5x + C

7. (D)

1
Distance covered = Area under v – t graph = 2
× 3 × 4 = 6m
Acceleration t = 0to 2s = 4−0
2
= 2ms−2

8. (B)

v2 = u2 + 2as
2 2
v 2 −u 2 (20) −(10) 300 10
a= 2s
= 2×135
= 270
= 9
m s−2

From first equation of motion

v−u 20−10 10
v = u + at ⇒ t = a
= 10/9
= 10/9
= 9s
9. (A)

Sn = u + a2 (2n − 1) = a
2
(2n − 1) [because u = 0]
S4 7
Hence S3
= 5

10. (D)
The slope of the x-t graph gives the velocity which is a constant upto t0.
Thereafter, the graph is parallel to the time axis indicating that the particle is at rest.

11. (D)
Let the body after time t/2 be at x from the top, then
2 gt2
x = 12 g t4 = 8 …(i)
h = 12 gt2 …(ii)
Eliminate t from (i) and (ii), we get x = h4
∴ Height of the body from the ground = h − h
4
= 3h
4

12. (D)
We cannot find displacement from acceleration – time graph as area of a-t graph gives change in velocity.
13. (D)

1 2
H= gt
2
9.8 × 2
= t2
9.8
t = √–2 sec
Δt : time interval between drops
1
h = g(√–2 − Δt)2
2
1
0 = g(√–2 − 2Δt)2
2
1
Δt = –
√2
1 1 2 1 1 9.8
h = g(√2 − – ) = × 9.8 × =
– = 2.45 m
2 √2 2 2 4
H − h = 9.8 − 2.45
= 7.35 m

14. (B)
−−
Time taken by the stone to descend through h under gravity: t1 = √ 2h
g

h
Time taken by sound to travel the distance h; t2 = v

−−
Total time elapsed; T = t1 + t2 = √ 2h
g
+ h
v
15. (D)
For 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 200
V =mx + C
v = 15 x + 10
a = vdv
dx
= ( x5 + 10) ( 15 )
x
a = 25 + 2 ⇒ Straight line till x = 200
For x > 200
v = constant
⇒a=0

Hence most appropriate option will be (1), otherwise it would be BONUS.

16. (C)

In 4 sec. 1st drop will travel

⇒ 1
2
× (9.8) × (4)2 = 78.4 m

2nd drop would have travelled

⇒ 78.4 − 34.3 = 44.1 m

Time for 2nd drop

1
⇒ 2
(9.8) t2 = 44.1

t = 3 sec

∴ each drop have time gap of 1 sec

∴ 1 drop per sec

17. (A)

The speed of object = slope of distance -time graph

v=20/5 = 4 m/s
18. (A)
From the given x-t graph, it is clear that
At t = 0, dx
dt
=0
∴ Velocity v = dx
dt
= 0, at t = 0
dx
As time passes dt
changes variably i.e. acceleration is variable

19. (C)
Displacement of the particle will be zero because it comes back to its starting point
Average speed = Total distance
Total time
= 30m
10 s
= 3 m/s

20. (C)
−−−−−−−− –
Displacement of car = √602 + 302 = 30√5km

Distance OA = Speed × Time

⇒ 60 × 1h = 60km

21. (4.00)
Displacement x = 2t2 + t + 5
Velocity = dx
dt
= 4t + 1
d2x
Acceleration = = 4 i.e. independent of time
dt2
Hence acceleration = 4 m/s2

22. (12.00)
2
y = − t2 + 16t + 2
3
dy 2
v= = − × 2t + 16
dt 3
4
v = 0 ⇒ t = 16 ⇒ t = 12s
3

23. (10.00)
For half height,
102 = u2 − 2g h2 . . . (i)
For total height,
0 = u2 − 2gh . . . (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
⇒ 102 = gh ⇒ h = 10 m
24. (15.00)
−−−−−−−−−−
S = √ℓ2 + b2 + h2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
= √(10)2 + (10)2 + 52
= √− −−−
100 +−−−−−
100 +−−−
25
= √− −− = 15 m
225

25. (3.00)
1
We know that slope of displacement time graph is equal to velocity. So vA = tan 30∘ = √3
–
vB = tan 60∘ = √3
Hence v = 13
vA
B

26. (05.00)

From equation of motion from top

v2 = u2 + 2as
102 = 0 + 2gx
x = 5m
So, height from ground y = H − x = 10 − 5 = 5m

27. (2.00)
Suppose u is the initial velocity of the particle starting from bottom then distance travelled by it till both particles
meet is (h − hn ). Using kinematic equations we get if t is the time elapsed before they meet then
−−
t = √ 2hng
, h − hn = ut − 12 gt2
− −−
⇒ u = ht = √ 2
nhg

v2 u−gt
v1 = gt, v2 = u − gt, v1
= gt = gtu − 1
v2 h hng v 2
⇒ v1
= gt2
−1= 2gh
− 1 ⇒ v12 = n−2
28. (40.00)
2
u2 (20)
Stopping distance = 2a
= 2(5)
= 40m

29. (200.00)
u = 20m/s, S1 = 500m, v = 0
By third equation of motion
4
0 = (20)2 − 2a.500 ⇒ a = 10 m/s2
u = 20m/s, S2 = 250m, v = ?
v2 = (20)2 − 2a.250
−−−
= v = √200m/s
x = 200

30. (4.00)
Total distance = 1 2
2
gt = 252
g
9
Distance moved in 3 sec = 2 g
Remaining distance = 16 2
g
If t is the time taken by the stone to reach the ground for the remaining distance, then
⇒ 2 g = 12 gt2 ⇒ t = 4 s
16

31. (D)
The velocity of all electromagnetic radiation is 3 x 108 m s-1 = 3 x 1010 cm s-1

(1 m = 100 cm)

32. (C)
If there are 10 electrons in anion X3-,
No. of protons + 3 = no. of electrons
No. of protons = 10 – 3 = 7
Mass Number = No. of protons + No. of neutrons
14 = 7 + n
n = 14 – 7 = 7

33. (B)

34. (C)
X-rays are not having any charge, therefore they are not deflected by electric and magnetic fields .

35. (A)
All positive ions are deposited at small part. (nucleus of atom)
36. (D)
The alpha particle is analogous to nucleus of helium which is made up of two protons and two neutrons. Charge
on proton is +1 so the charge of alpha particle is +2. Thus, the total charge on the alpha particle is twice that of
charge on proton.

37. (A)
(a) explained correctly by the Thomson Model of an atom
(b) explained by Bohr’s
(c) rutherford was not defined the position of electron in atom.

38. (B)
3×10 8 ms −1
Wavelength λ = c
= = 0.4 × 10−7 m = 4 × 101 nm
v 7.5×10 15 s −1

39. (C)
1
K. E = 2
mv 2
1
v = ( 2K.E
m
)2
1

v = ( 2×3×10−31 ) 2
−25

9.1×10

v = ( 2×3×10 ) ≈ 812 m s−1

2 6

9.1

Now, by de-Broglie’s equation of wavelength,

h 6.626×10 −34Js
λ= =
mv 9.1×10 −31kg×812 ms−1

= 896.7 × 10−9 m

≈ 900 nm

40. (D)
When intensity is doubled, the number of electrons emitted per second is also doubled, but the average energy of
photoelectrons emitted remains the same.

41. (D)
The position and velocity of the electron in the orbit cannot be determined simultaneously. This is explained by
Heisenberg's uncertainity principle.
42. (B)
z2
En = –13.6 n2
eV

z2
⇒ –13.6 × 23.1 n2
kcal / mole

En = −313.6
kcal mol–1
n2

−313.6
⇒ –78.4 =
n2

⇒n=2

43. (C)
If l=2 so ‘ml’ should be -2,-1, 0, +1,+2
ml value should not exceed l value. So, n=3, l =2, ml =-3, ms= 1/2 is an impossible arrangement.

44. (D)
According to Rydberg formula

1
λ
= R ( n12 − 1
n2i
)
f

1
= 1.09 × 107 ( 1
− 1
) m–1
λ 52 62

1
λ
= 1.09 × 107 ( 36−25
25×36
) = 1.09 × 107 ( 900
11
)

λ= 900
m–1
11×1.09×10 7

= 7506 nm

45. (A)
46. (B)

47. (A)
If n = 3 and l = 2, it is 3d; 3d levels are in a higher energy state compared to 3p, 3s and 4s levels.

48. (B)

49. (A)
Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.

50. (D)
The aufbau principle states that in the ground state of an atom or ion, electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest
available energy levels before occupying higher levels. For example, the 1s subshell is filled before the 2s
subshell is occupied.

Order of filling of orbital is as : 1s ,2s ,2p, 3s...

51. (2.00)
n2
r = 0.529 x z
Å

1 22
0.529 x 1
= 0.529 x 4

Hence, the second orbit of Be3+ ions will have the same radius as hydrogen atom.
52. (6000)
3×10 8
λ = Cν = = 6000 × 10−10 m
5×10 14
= 6000 Å

53. (5.00)

54. (2.00)
hc
E = hv =
λ
6.626 × 10−34 × 3 × 108
E= = 3.1 eV
4000 × 10−10 × 1.6 × 10−19
1 1
KE = mv2 = × 9 × 10−31 × 36 × 1010 J
2 2
= 1.62 × 10−19 J
= 1 eV
According to photoelectric effect,
K. E. = hv − hv0
hv0 = hv − K. E.
Work function (W 0 ) = E − K. E.
= 3.1 − 1 = 2.1 eV

55. (20.00)
Energy = Power × time
= 60 × 1
= 60J
hc 6.62 × 10−34 × 3 × 108
= =
λ 663 × 10−9
= 3 × 10−19 J
Number of photons = 60−19
3×10
= 2 × 1020

56. (2.50)
Last electron configuration = 2s1
sum of all quantum numbers = 2 + 0 + 0 + 0.5 = 2.5
57. (14.00)
In this question l = 3 means the sub shell is f & n = 4 means it is present in 4th orbit.
Finally it is a 4f sub shell
The no. of orbital in f sub shell = 2l + 1
=2×3+1
=7
Each orbital can accommodate 2 electrons.
7 × 2 = 14 electrons.
Maximum no. of electrons in a sub shell with l = 3 & n = 4 (4f) is 14 electrons.

58. (2.58)
1. Identify the azimuthal quantum number l for the 3d subshell: l = 2.
−−−−−−−−
2. Use the formula for the orbital angular momentum: L = √l (l + 1) ℏ
−−−−−
3. Substitute l = 2: L = √2 × 3ℏ
–
4. Calculate √6 which is approximately 2.45.
–
5. Multiply √6 by ℏ : L ≈ 2.45 × 1.054 × 10–34 Js.
6. Final result: L ≈ 2.58 × 10–34 Js.

59. (40.00)
No. of neutrons = Mass number – Atomic number
Mass number of zinc is 70
Atomic number of Zinc is 30. Thus, number of neutrons will be,
No. of neutrons = 70 – 30 = 40

60. (6.00)
Radius of 3rd orbit (r3 ) = 9x
2πr3 = nλ
2πr
λ = n 3 = 2π×9x 3
= 6πx

61. (B)
α + β = −p, αβ = q
2
α 4 + β 4 = ( α 2 + β 2 ) − 2α 2 β 2
2
= [(α + β)2 − 2αβ] − 2(αβ)2
2
= (p2 − 2q) − 2q 2
= p4 + 4q 2 − 4p2 q − 2q 2
= p4 + 2q 2 − 4p2 q

62. (B)
2x2 + ax + b = 0 …(1)
2x2 + bx + a = 0 …(2)
Subtract (1) from (2)
(a − b) x + (b − a) = 0
x=1
from equation (1)
2+a+b=0
a + b = −2
63. (B)
Since the roots of x2 − 8x + a2 − 6a = 0 are real
Hence D ⩾ 0
∴ 64 − 4 (a2 − 6a) ⩾ 0 or a2 − 6a − 16 ⩽ 0
(a − 8) (a + 2) ⩽ 0
⇒ a ∈ [−2, 8]

64. (D)
x2 + ax + 10 = 0 ; x2 + bx − 10 = 0
⇒ x (a − b) + 20 = 0
20
⇒ x = b−a …(1)
by x2 + ax + 10 = 0
20
x2 + a ( ) + 10 = 0
b−a
20a
x2 = −10 −
b−a
2 −10(a+b)
⇒ x = b−a …(2)
From (1) and (2)
a2 − b2 = 40

65. (D)
2(m2 +1)
α+β= 2
= m2 + 1 . . . (1)
m4 +m2 +1
and αβ = 2
. . . (2)
Therefore α + β = (α + β)2 − 2αβ
2 2

2 2 (m4 + m2 + 1)
= (m + 1) − 2
2
= m4 + 2m2 + 1 − m4 − m2 − 1 = m2

66. (B)
a, b are roots of x2 − 5x + 8 = 0
∴ a + b = 5, ab = 8
a2 +b2
Now ab + ab = ab
(a + b) 2 − 2ab
=
ab
25
= −2
8
9
=
8
a b
Also, b ⋅ a = 1
∴ required equation is
x2 − ( 98 ) x + 1 = 0
⇒ 8x2 − 9x + 8 = 0
67. (B)
Clearly discriminant of both the equations is positive. Hence both have real roots.
We have that, if roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are α, β, then the roots of
cx2 + bx + a = 0 will be α1 , 1β and hence roots of cx2 − bx + a = 0 will be − α1 , − 1β

68. (B)
x2 + 2ax + 10 − 3a > 0 ∀ x ∈ R
D<0
4a2 − 4 (10 − 3a) < 0
⇒ a2 + 3a − 10 < 0
(a + 5) (a − 2) < 0
⇒ −5 < a < 2

69. (B)
x2 − 11x + a and x2 − 14x + 2a have a common factor
x2 x 1
⇒ = =
−22a + 14a a − 2a −14 + 11
2
x x 1
⇒ = =
−8a −a −3
8a a
⇒ x2 = and x =
3 3
a 2 8a
⇒ ( ) =
3 3
2
a 8a
⇒ =
9 3
⇒ a = 0, 24

70. (C)
α and α1 are the roots of the equation 7x2 − 11x + K = 0
∴ (α) ( α1 ) = K7
1 = K7
K=7
71. (D)
Let f (x) = x2 + x + a
Roots of f (x) = 0 exceed a
∴ f (a) > 0, D ⩾ 0 and −B2A
>a
Since f (a) > 0
a2 + 2a > 0
a (a + 2) > 0
a > 0 or a < −2 . . . (1)
Also, D ⩾ 0
1 − 4a ⩾ 0
1
a⩽ . . . (2)
4
−B
Also, 2a > a
−1
> a . . . (3)
2
From (1), (2) and (3)
a < −2

72. (B)
Let y = 2x2 − 6x + 8
Comparing with y = ax2 + bx + c
Here a > 0
D
y ∈ [− 4a , ∞)
2
D = b − 4ac = 36 − 64 = −28
∴ y ∈ [ 28 8
, ∞)
7
⇒ y ∈ [ 2 , ∞)

73. (C)
Let f (x) = x2 − (a + 1) x + a2 + a − 8
Now, f (2) < 0
22 − 2 (a + 1) + a2 + a − 8 < 0
⇒ a2 − a − 6 < 0
⇒ (a − 3) (a + 2) < 0
−2 < a < 3

74. (C)
x2 − 6x − 2 = 0
Its roots are α and β
⇒ α 2 − 6α − 2 = 0 and β 2 − 6β − 2 = 0
an = α n − β n
a10 −2a8 α10 −β 10 −2(α8 −β 8 ) α8 (α2 −2)−β 8 (β 2 −2) 6α9 −6β 9
2a9
= = = =3
2(α9 −β 9 ) 2(α9 −β 9 ) 2(α9 −β 9 )
75. (A)
x
Let y = x−2
where x can take values α, β .
2y
∴ xy − 2y = x ⇒ x = y−1
. . . (1)
Substituting the value of x in x2 − 3x + 1 = 0 and simplifying we get the required quadratic as
y 2 − 4y − 1 = 0 . . . (2)
β
Now from (2) α . α−2
= −1 using product of roots.
β−2

76. (B)
Here α, β roots of equation 3x2 + λx − 1 = 0
α + β = −λ 3
, αβ = −1 3
2
1 1 (α+β) −2αβ
+ = = 15
α2 β2 α2 β 2
2
λ = 9
2
Now 6 (α 3 + β 3 )2 = 6 ((α + β) ((α + β 2 ) − 3αβ))
2
= 6 ( λ9 ) { λ9 + 1} = 24
2 2

77. (D)
Either x2 − 5x + 5 = 1 or x2 + 4x − 60 = 0
x = 1, 4 or x = −10, 6
Also x2 − 5x + 5 = −1 and x2 + 4x − 60 is an even number
x = 2, 3
For x = 3, x2 + 4x − 60 is odd
Total solutions are x = 1, 4, −10, 6, 2 ⇒ Sum = 3

78. (B)
x2 − (a + 1) x + 2a = 0
f (0) f (3) < 0 where f (x) = x2 − (a + 1) x + 2a
⇒ 2a [9 − 3 (a + 1) + 2a] < 0
⇒ 2a (6 − a) < 0 ⇒ a (a − 6) > 0
⇒ a < 0 or a > 6
If a = 0, then x2 − x = 0 ⇒ x = 0 or 1
So a = 0 is possible.
If a = 6, then x2 − 7x + 12 = 0 ⇒ x = 3 or 4
Not possible
So, a ∈ (−∞, 0] ∪ (6, ∞)

79. (A)
Let α, β are roots of x2 − 2x + 3 = 0
Then α + β = 2; αβ = 3.
(α−1)(β+1)+(β+1)(β−1)
Now α−1
α+1
+ β−1
β+1
= (α+1)(β+1)
αβ+α−β−1+αβ−α+β−1
= αβ+α+β+1
2αβ−2 6−2
= αβ+α+β+1 = 3+2+1 = 46 = 23
( α−1 ) ( β+1 ) = (αβ+α+β+1)
β−1 αβ−α−β+1
α+1
= 3−2+1
3+2+1
= 26 = 13
Hence, equation is x2 − ( 23 ) x + ( 13 ) x = 0 ⇒ 3x2 − 2x + 1 = 0
80. (C)
2x2 − 8x + k = 0

f (1) ⋅ f (2) < 0

&f (2) ⋅ f (3) < 0
(k − 6) (k − 8) < 0
& (k − 8) (k − 6) < 0
k ∈ (6, 8)
k ∈ (6, 8)
integral value of k = 7

81. (9.00)
∵ Roots of the equation x2 + 3x + 5 = 0 are non-real as D < 0.
Thus, given equations will have two common roots.
⇒ a1 = 3b = c5 = λ [say]
∴ a + b + c = 9λ
Thus, minimum value of a + b + c = 9 [∵ a, b, c ∈ N]

82. (0.00)
Let the common root of x2 + 4ax + 3 = 0 and 2x2 + 3ax − 9 = 0 be θ
∴ θ2 + 4aθ + 3 = 0
2θ2 + 3aθ − 9 = 0
By solving these two, we will get
θ = −3a

∴ (−3/a)2 + 4a (−3/a) + 3 = 0
9
⇒ 2 − 12 + 3 = 0
a
9
⇒ 2 = 9 ⇒ a2 = 1 ⇒ a = ±1
a
Sum of all values of a = 1 − 1 = 0

83. (2.00)
– – –
We have, (5 + √2) x2 − (4 + √5) x + 8 + 2√5 = 0
4+√5 8+2√5
∴ Sum of the roots = 5+√2
and product of the roots = 5+√2
8+2√5
αβ
∴ α+β
= 5+√2
4+√5
=2
5+√2
84. (10.00)
Given x2 − 5kx + 2(4) − 1 = 0
k

and
k
Product of roots = 2(4) − 1 = 31
⇒ 2(4)k − 1 = 31
2(4)k = 32
(4)k = 42
∴ k=2
∴ Sum of roots = 5k = 5 (2) = 10

85. (1210.00)
c + d = 10a . . . (1)
a + b = 10c . . . (2)
Subtracting (1) from (2) we get
(a − c) + (b − d) = 10 (c − a)
⇒ b − d = 11 (c − a)
As is a root of x2 − 10ax − 11b = 0, we get
c
c2 − 10ac − 11b = 0 . . . (3)
Similarly, a2 − 10ac − 11d = 0 . . . (4)
c2 − a2 = 11 (b − d)
⇒ (c − a) (c + a) = (11) 11 (c − a)
⇒ c + a = 121
∴ a + b + c + d = 10 (a + c) [from (1) and (2)]
= 10(121) = 1210

86. (2.00)
x2 + ax + a + 1 = 0 has integral roots.
Let α, β are the integral roots.
α + β = −a, αβ = a + 1
αβ = − (α + β) + 1
⇒ αβ + (α + β) = 1
⇒ αβ + (α + β) + 1 = 2
⇒ (1 + α) (1 + β) = 2
(i) 1 + α = 2 and 1 + β = 1 so α = 1, β = 0
(ii) 1 + α = 1 and 1 + β = 2 so α = 0, β = 1
(iii) 1 + α = −2 and 1 + β = −1 so α = −3, β = −2
(iv) 1 + α = −1 and 1 + β = −2 so α = −2, β = −3
a = − (α + β) so a can be −1 or 5.
87. (100.00)
Given equations are
k (6x2 + 3) + rx + 2x2 − 1 = 0
⇒ x2 (6k + 2) + rx + 3k − 1 = 0 . . . (1)
and 6k (2x2 + 1) + px + 4x2 − 2 = 0
⇒ x2 (12k + 4) + px + 6k − 2 = 0 . . . (2)
Since both roots of equations (1) and (2) are common.
∴ 6k+2 = rp = 3k−1
12k+4 6k−2
⇒ 12 = rp = 12 ⇒ 2r = p ⇒ 2r − p = 0
∴ 2r − p + 100 = 0 + 100 = 100

88. (16.00)
2
−((−6) −4(1)(13))
m1 = 4(1)
=4
2
−((−8) −4(−1)(4))
m2 = 4(−1)
= 20
m2 − m1 = 20 − 4 = 16

89. (4.00)
Given, x2 − 2kx + k2 + k − 5 = 0
Let f (x) = x2 − 2kx + k2 + k − 5
Since its both roots are less than 5. Hence
D⩾0
4k2 − 4 (k2 + k − 5) ⩾ 0
−k + 5 ⩾ 0
k ⩽ 5 . . . . (1)
and f (5) > 0
(25) − 10k + k2 + k − 5 > 0
k2 − 9k + 20 > 0
(k − 4) (k − 5) > 0
k < 4 or k > 5 . . . . (2)
Also − ( −2k
2
)<5
⇒ k<5 . . . . (3)
From (1), (2) and (3)
k<4
So, minimum possible value of b is 4.

90. (8.00)
33
∵ 2x2 + (a − 10) x + = 2a has real roots
2
33
⇒ D ⩾ 0 ⇒ (a − 10)2 − 4 × 2 × ( − 2a) ⩾ 0
2
⇒ (a − 10)2 − 4 (33 − 4a) ⩾ 0
⇒ a2 − 4a − 32 ⩾ 0 ⇒ a ∈ (−∞, −4] ∪ [8, ∞)
Thus, minimum positive value of a is 8.